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THE  LIBRARY  OF  THE 
UNIVERSITY  OF 
NORTH  CAROLINA 


ENDOWED  BY  THE 
DIALECTIC  AND  PHILANTHROPIC 
SOCIETIES 


F  189 
.B  1 
H8 


ommended 


UNIVERSITY  OF  N.C.  AT  CHAPEL  HILL 


10001132597 


This  book  is  due  at  the  LOUIS  R.  WILSON  LIBRARY  on  the 
last  date  stamped  under  “Date  Due.”  If  not  on  hold  it  may  be 
renewed  by  bringing  it  to  the  library. 


DATE  ...._ 

DUE  RET 

DATE  RET 

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Form  No.  513 

Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2019  with  funding  from 
University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill 


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J.  D.  Ehlers*  &  Co.’s  Engraving  and  Steam  Printing  House, 

ST  Second  Street 

4 

1873. 


BV 


GEORGE  W.  HOWARD. 


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Y.  KLE  MM'S 

SOUTHERN 

Map  and  Print  Coloring 

AND 

Mounting  Establishment, 

No.  254  CENTRAL  AVENUE, 

BALTIMORE. 

Prompt  attention  and  satisfactory  ex¬ 
ecution  guaranteed. 


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NOTICE. 


The  regular  edition  of  this  valuable 
Map,  nicely  colored,  shows  the  Wards, 
ParkB,  Cemeteries  and  all  Horse- Rail  way 
Routes.  For  sale  in  all  Bookstores  and 
by 

F.  KLEMM, 

No.  75  Second  Street. 


#W  P.  I) umiim*loii 


■M?  H  ENftyl| 

_ 

T,\7i.mvU. 


Wliarll 


CrNroRad 


MT^rre-tLer 


Wliiinker 


Strom  Railroads  are  indicated,  thus 
AU  horse  do  ,,  do  „ 

Tunnels  y  djo 


SHOWING  ALL  PROPERTY  LINES  WITHIN  THE  PROPOSED  EXTENSION  OF  NEARLY  TWO  MILES 

BEYOND  THE  PRESENT  CITY  LIMITS. 

Compiled  from  actual  Surveys  by  S.  J.  MARTINET,  City  Surveyor. 

Published  by  F.  KLEMM,  75  Second  Street,  Baltimore. 

This  editioii  is  expressly  prepared  to  accompany  Mr.  Geo.  W.  Howard’s  Book,  “  The  Monumental  City,  its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources . 
Circles  indicate  a  distance  of  half  mile.  The  present  Oity  Limits  are  indicated  by  the  heavy  line.  jtl 

The  tinted  part  showB  the  land  belonging  to  the  Canton  Company.  mm. 


X/  UROOKlAjN 


LUJi.  by  A.  Rom.  &■  Co.  Baltimore, 


_ 


Of  Congress'  nt  Wtrshi/iyUm  D  C 


•ril  tn-cori/hui  inapt  of  {qApress  m  the  year  lft]2  by  /•’  Klemnt  ■"  the  of/trp  of  the  Lt.br aru 


.Marine-  Hoapii 


THE 


BY 


E  OR  G  E 


fJoWAPxD. 


BALTIMORE: 

J.  D.  Ehlers  &  Co.,  Engravers  and  Steam  Book  Printers, 

87  Second  Street, 

1873. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1873, 

GEORGE  W.  HOWARD, 

the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington, 


by 

D.  C~ 


TO  ' 

CHAUNCEY  BROOKS,  Esq. 


This  volume  is  dedicated  by  its  author,  as  an  humble  testimony  of  the- 
personal  esteem  he  has  entertained  for  him  through  a  long  series  of 
years,  and  as,  in  some  measure,  a  memorial  of  the  proud  position  that 
gentleman  to-day  occupies  in  the  city  of  Baltimore.  Time  in  its  cycles 
works  manv  changes.  Some  men  are  unable  to  stem  the  current  of 
adverse  fortune,  and  pass  away  with  naught  left  to  embalm  their 
memories,  save  the  sad  thought  that  their  efforts  were  honest  but  una¬ 
vailing;  while  others  live  to  see  the  realization  of  their  hopes  and  the 
glorious  fruition  that  accompanies  a  well-spent  and  successful  life.  To 
the  latter  class  Mr.  Brooks  belongs,  and  it  seems  peculiarly  appropriate 
that  a  volume  professing  to  give  a  sketch  of  Baltimore,  with  a  succinct 
recital  of  the  vast  resources  she  at  present  possesses,  should  be  dedicated 
to  one  who  is  so  thoroughly  identified  with  her  history  through  a  period 
of  more  than  fifty  years.  Mr.  Brooks,  at  a  ripe  old  age,  can  look  with 
pleasure  upon  gigantic  corporations,  great  business  enterprises,  and 
mechanical  forces,  the  birth  of  which  he  favored,  and  whose  feeble 
infancy  he  strengthened  by  timely,  judicious  and  unostentatious  aid. 
That  He  who  knoweth  the  good  deeds  of  men  may  bountifully  lengthen 
out  his  life,  and  that  his  future  may  be  as  peaceful  and  serene  as  his- 
past  has  been  useful  and  honored,  is  the  prayer  of  the 

Author. 


591 136 


P  P  E  F  A.  C  E  . 


It  is  proposed  in  the  present  volume  to  give  a  sketch  of  the  past  of  Baltimore,, 
with  brief  allusions  to  those  crises  which  marked  her  history  and  exercised  an 
important  bearing  upon  her  progress  as  a  city,  also  a  running  essay  upon  the 
useful  and  aesthetic  features  which  make  her  to-day  the  most  desirable  location 
in  America  for  those  in  search  of  homes ,  or  contemplating  a  change  of  residence; 
together  with  short  but  comprehensive  articles  upon  the  various  corporations 
at  present  in  existence  or  soon  to  be  organized,  and  the  different  departments 
of  trade,  commerce,  and  manufactures,  which  centre  in  our  city. 

If  readers  at  a  distance  are  disposed  to  regard  critically,  the  spirit  which 
induces  a  citizen  of  Baltimore  to  sound  her  praises  more  than  perhaps  the 
most  guarded  taste  might  suggest,  let  them  consider  that  the  same  course  has 
been  pursued  by  all  the  larger  cities  in  America,  and  that  the  great  spirit  of 
competition  more  thoroughly  developed  in  this  country  than  elsewhere,  will 
not  suffer  her  to  remain  silent  at  a  time  when  her  sisters  have  inundated  the 
United  States  with  the  most  fulsome  accounts  of  their  respective  advantages. 
Let  them  bear  in  mind  also,  that  already  have  travellers,  not  only  from  differ¬ 
ent  sections  of  the  Union  but  from  the  great  centres  of  Europe,  placed  on 
record  the  most  ample  and  possibly  exaggerated  accounts  of  the  various  features 
which  endear  her  to  her  own  citizens,  and  render  the  city  peculiarly  inviting  to 
strangers;  and  lastly,  let  them  remember  that  a  pardonable  pride  is  the 
greatest  incentive  to  development  and  progress  in  the  future.  A  e  ask  at  the 
hands  of  the  public  a  generous  criticism,  inasmuch  as  this  is  a  novel  enteipiise 
in  Baltimore,  and  the  means  of  securing  information  are  exceedingly  limited. 
With  this  brief  preface  we  launch  our  little  vessel,  trusting  that  it  may  bring 
to  our  port  the  treasures  which  our  merchants  and  business  men  so  richly 

deserve.' 


BALTIMORE. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH. 

(Jjjjtli.  McMAHON  has  remarked,  in  his  Historical  View  of  the  Government 
JJ[  ot  Maryland,  that  “the  colonial  history  of  Maryland  is  distinguished 
•  more  by  results  than  by  incidents;”  and  he  has  further  pointed  out  that 
“the  gradual  accessions  to  a  nation's  wealth,  power  and  liberty,  which  she 
derives  from  a  peaceful  devotion  to  her  own  interests,  are  perceived  only  in  their 
general  results."  If  this  be  true  of  a  nation,  more  especially  is  it  true  of  a  city; 
and  therefore  especially  devoid  of  incident  must  be  a  historical  sketch  of  a  city, 
the  principal  object  of  which  is  to  note  the  rise  and  progress  of  its  commercial 
importance.  In  the  following  pages  it  is  sought  to  set  forth  such  facts  as  will 
best  illustrate  the  growth  and  development  of  Baltimore,  and  the  causes  which 
most  directly  contributed  to  those  results, — noting  events  of  general  or  national 
character  only  where  the  history  of  Baltimore  is  intimately  connected  with 
them,  in  the  relation  of  a  part  to  the  whole;  and  while  the  annals  of  Baltimore 
have  at  different  times  been  marked  by  events  of  striking  character  and  of 
considerable  local  interest,  they  have,  for  the  most  part,  been  such  as  belong 
to  a  political,  rather  than  a  commercial  history.* 

As  introductory  to  the  history  of  the  city,  it  may  be  found  useful  to  give 
some  preliminary  account  of  the  Province  in  which  it  was  founded,  and  the 
causes  which  led  to  its  establishment. 

The  Province  of  Maryland  had  been  settled  for  nearly  a  century  before  the 
first  foundations  were  laid  of  the  city  that  was  destined  to  become  the  com- 
mercial  metropolis  of  the  State,  and  one  of  the  leading  cities  of  the  American 
continent. 

George  Calvert,  the  first  Lord  Baltimore,  having  found  that  his  efforts  to 
establish  a  colony  at  Avalon,  in  Newfoundland,  were  attended  with  but  little 
success,  determined  to  seek  a  more  favorable  region  in  which  to  carry  out  his 
plans  of ,  colonization.  With  this  view  he  visited,  in  the  year  1628,  the  colony 
of  Virginia.  Of  the  favorable  situation  and  flourishing  condition  of  that 
colony  he  was  well  aware,  having  himself  been  a  member  ol  the  Virginia 


*  j?.0._The  outbreak  of  the  war  with  England  in  1812,  the  bank  failures  in  1835,  and  the  outbreak  of 
the  civil  war  in  1861,  were  occasions  of  great  excitement  in  the  history  of  Baltimore. 


8 


The  Mohumehtal  City, 

Company  before  it  had  been  deprived  of  its  charter,  in  1624,  by  a  judgment  of 
the  Court  of  King’s  Bench.  During  his  visit  to  Virginia,  it  is  probable  that 
Lord  Baltimore  personally  explored  the  Chesapeake  Bay;  at  all  events  his 
experienced  judgment  readily  detected  the  advantages  that  would  be  secured 
to  a  colony  upon  its  shores.  Accordingly,  upon  his  return  to  England,  he 
procured  from  his  royal  master,  Charles  I.,  the  promise  of  a  grant  of  territory 
in  the  region  which  he  had  just  visited. 

The  Virginia  colonists  were  not  unmindful  of  the  facilities  for  traffic 
afforded  by  the  Chesapeake,  which  stretches  inland  for  a  distance  of  two 
hundred  miles  from  the  ocean,  with  rivers  emptying  into  it  whose  head¬ 
waters  are  far  back  in  the  interior.  In  the  years  1626,  1627  and  1628, 
William  Clayborne,  Secretary  of  State  for  the  colony  of  Virginia,  obtained 
from  the  English  government  authority  “to  discover  the  source  of  the 
Chesapeake,  and  to  make  other  explorations  within  the  government  of  Vir¬ 
ginia.”  Vested  with  this  authority  Mr.  Clayborne  appears  to  have  improved 
the  opportunities  it  gave  him  for  establishing  and  conducting  a  trade  with 
the  natives  upon  the  shores  of  the  upper  part  of  the  bay;  and  for  the  further¬ 
ance  of  this  object  he  probably  erected  some  trading  houses  upon  the  Isle  of 
Kent,  which  thus  became  the  first  place  within  the  limits  of  Maryland  in 
which  any  European  settlements  were  made.  The  value  which  the  Vir¬ 
ginians  placed  upon  the  bay  and  the  adjacent  country,  is  further  shown  by 
the  violent  opposition  they  manifested  to  the  establishment  of  Lord  Balti¬ 
more’s  colony;  and  in  a  petition  preferred  to  the  King  shortly  after  the 
grant  had  been  made  to  Lord  Baltimore,  they  particularly  complain  “  that 
grants  had  lately  been  made  of  a  great  portion  of  the  lands  and  territory  of 
their  colony,  being  the  places  of  their  traffic .” 

The  advantages  for  trade,  together  with  the  attractions  of  a  fertile  soil  and 
a  grateful  climate,  determined  Lord  Baltimore  in  the  selection  of  the  site  for 
his  future  colony ;  but  in  consequence  of  his  death,  which  occurred  early  in 
1632,  the  charter  promised  to  him,  but  which  did  not  pass  the  seals  until 
June  20th  of  the  same  year,  was  issued  to  his  son  Cecilius,  second  Lord 
Baltimore,  upon  whom  devolved,  together  with  his  father’s  title  and  estates, 
the  work  of  carrying  out  his  wise  and  beneficent  plans  of  colonization. 

The  territory  embraced  in  Lord  Baltimore’s  grant  is  described  in  the 
charter  as  follows:  “all  that  part  of  the  Peninsula,  or  Chersonese ,  lying  in 
the  parts  of  America  between  the  ocean  on  the  east,  and  the  bay  of  Chesa¬ 
peake  on  the  west;  divided  from  the  residue  thereof  by  a  right  line  drawn 
from,  the  promontory,  or  headland  called  Watkin’s  Point,  situate  upon  the 
bay  aforesaid,  near  the  river  Wighco,  on  the  west  unto  the  main  ocean  on  the 
east;  and  between  that  boundary  on  the  south,  unto  that  part  of  the  bay  of 
Delaware  on  the  north,  which  lieth  under  the  fortieth  degree  of  north  lati¬ 
tude  from  the  equinoctial ;  and  passing  from  the  said  bay,  called  Delaware 
Bay,  in  a  right  line,  by  the  degree  aforesaid,  unto  the  true  meridian  of  the 
first  fountain  of  the  river  of  Potomac,  thence  verging  towards  the  south,  unto- 


Its  Past  History  ahd  Present  Resources. 


9 


the  farther  bank  of  the  same  river,  and  following  the  same  on  the  west  and 
south,  unto  a  certain  place  called  Cinquack,  situate  near  the  mouth  of  the 
said  river,  where  it  disembogues  into  the  aforesaid  bay  of  Chesapeake,  and 
thence  by  the  shortest  line  unto  the  aforesaid  promontory  or  place,  called 
Watkin’s  Point.”  All  the  waters  comprehended  within  these  boundaries, 
and  the  islands  lying  in  them,  together  with  all  islands  off  the  coast,  within 
ten  leagues  of  the  shore,  were  expressly  mentioned  as  included  in  the  grant. 
And  in  order  that  this  region  might  “be  eminently  distinguished  above  all 
other  regions  in  that  territory,  [America,]  and  decorated  with  more  ample 
titles,”  it  was  erected  into  a  Province  and  nominated  Maryland.*  Of  this 
Province  Lord  Baltimore  was  made  Absolute  Lord  and  Proprietary,  yielding 
only  unto  the  crown  of  England,  as  pledge  of  his  allegiance,  two  Indian 
arrows  annually,  and  the  fifth  part  of  all  gold  and  silver  ore  which  should 
be  found  within  the  limits  of  the  Province.  To  the  Proprietary  were  given** 
by  the  charter,  the  same  rights,  jurisdictions,  prerogatives,  royalties,  &c.,  as 
appertained  to  the  Bishop  of  Durham,  within  the  bishopric  or  county  pala¬ 
tine  of  Durham;  with  power  to  enact  laws  with  the  advice  and  assent  of  the 
freemen  of  the  Province  or  their  delegates;  to  appoint  judges,  administer  the 
laws,  and  exercise  jurisdiction  over  the  persons  resident  in  the  Province  even 
to  the  extent  of  depriving  them  of  life  or  liberty;  to  impose  taxes;  to  raise 
and  command  an  army,  either  to  defend  the  Province  from  invasion  or  to 
quell  insurrection.  At  the  same  time,  it  was  provided  that  persons  emigrat¬ 
ing  to  this  Province  should  retain  their  rights  as  English  subjects,  both  for 
themselves  and  their  children;  and  the  privilege  was  granted  to  them  of 
trading  with  England,  or  in  default  of  finding  a  market  there,  of  conveying 
their  merchandise  thence  to  “any  other  countries  they  should  think  proper” 
which  were  in  amity  with  England. 

The  boundaries  prescribed  for  the  Province  of  Maryland,  as  given  above, 
became  at  different  times  the  occasion  for  dispute  on  all  sides,  and  as  a  conse¬ 
quence  thereof,  the  present  limits  of  the  State  are  considerably  less  than  those 
assigned  to  the  Province.  On  the  northeast,  the  State  of  Delawaie  has  been 
erected  within  the  limits  of  Maryland.  On  the  north,  the  location  of  the 
boundary  between  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania  was  a  mattei  of  dispute  until 
1763,  when  it  was  determined  by  Messrs.  Mason  and  Dixon,  who,  acting  undei 
a  joint  commission  of  the  two  Provinces  appointed  for  the  purpose  of  settling 
the  difficulty,  surveyed  the  line  which  now  constitutes  the  boundary  between 
the  two  States,  and  which,  as  the  recognized  boundary  between  the  Northern 
and  Southern  States,  has  acquired  a  notoriety  far  beyond  that  which  belongs  to 
its  local  and  original  purposes.  On  the  part  of  Virginia,  a  dispute  arose  as  to 
whether  the  north  or  south  fork  of  the  Potomac  was  its  “  first  fountain,  by 
which  the  location  of  the  western  boundary  of  Maryland  was  to  be  deter- 


*  England's  first  Province.  It  was  at  first  intended  to  call  the  Province 
charter  was  presented  to  Charles  I.  for  his  signature,  he  struck  out  that  name 
in  honor  of  his  Queen,  Henrietta  Maria  of  !  ranee. 


Crescentia;  but  when  the 
and  substituted  Maryland* 


10 


The  Monumental  City, 


mined;  and  although  the  south  fork  is  sixty  miles  the  longer,  and  the  terri¬ 
tory  lying  between  the  forks  is  estimated  at  half  a  million  of  acres,  Maryland 
has  been  compelled  to  establish  her  boundary  upon  the  north  fork.  Upon 
the  eastern  shore  of  the  Chesapeake,  the  precise  location  of  the  boundary 
between  Maryland  and  Virginia  is  unsettled  to  the  present  day.* 

Provided  with  a  charter  upon  such  favorable  conditions,  Lord  Baltimore 
immediately  commenced  preparations  for  sending  a  colony  to  his  new  pos¬ 
sessions.  He  at  first  intended  to  accompany  the  expedition  in  person,  but- 
abandoning  this  plan,  lie  confided  the  leadership  to  his  brother,  Xeonard 
Calvert,  whom  he  appointed  Governor  of  the  Province,  with  the  title  of 
Lieutenant-General.  On  the  22d  November,  1633,  the  colonists,  to  the  number 
of  about  two  hundred,  many  of  them  gentlemen  of  fortune,  and  most  of  them 
Roman  Catholics,  set  sail  from  Cowes  in  the  Isle  of  Wight.  Taking  the 
old  loute  by  the  Azores  and  West  Indies,  and  having  stopped  for  some  time 
at  the  Island  of  St.  Christopher’s  and  Barbadoes,  they  arrived  off  Point 
Comfort  in  \  irginia  on  the  24th  February,  1634.  Letters  which  Governor 
Calvert  brought  from  the  King  of  England,  secured  for  the  colonists 
a  favorable  reception  by  the  government  of  Virginia,  and  on  the  3d  of 
Mai ch  they  proceeded  up  the  bay  to  the  Potomac.  Entering  the  river,  they 
effected  a  landing  and  made  their  first  settlements  upon  its  banks.  On  the 
25th  ot  March,  having  erected  a  cross  and  celebrated  mass,  they  took  formal 
possession  of  the  country  "‘for  our  Saviour,  and  for  our  sovereign  lord,  the 
4  °f  England.  On  the  27th  the  whole  company  landed  and  occupied 

an  Indian  town  that  had  been  ceded  to  them  by  the  natives,  and  which,  under 

the  name  of  St  Mary’s,  continued  to  be  the  capital  of  the  Province  until 
1692, 


Ihu,>  the  colony  was  first  established  almost  at  the  southern  extremity  of 
the  Province,  and  for  some  time  after,  the  settlements  upon  the  western  shore 
of  the  bay  were  chiefly  confined  to  that  portion  of  the  country.  Various 
causes  contributed  to  hinder  the  extension  of  settlements  into  the  interior,  in 
places  remote  from  the  more  thickly  settled  portions  of  the  Province.  Wars 
occurred,  both  with  the  Indians  and  the  Dutch  settlements  in  the  north¬ 
eastern  portion  of  the  Province,  upon  the  Delaware  Bay,  and  the  Province 
itself  was  not  exempt  from  internal  commotions.  In  1644  occurred  the 
formidable  insurrection  known,  from  the  name  of  its  leader,  as  the  “ Ingle 
rebellion,'  the  effects  of  which  are  felt  to  the  present  day  by  reason  of  the  loss 
of  many  of  the  early  records  of  the  Province,  which  were  carried  away  from 
bt.  Mary  s  by  the  insurgents  and  destroyed.  The  Proprietary  government 
too  was  twice  interrupted  from  without  during  the  first  hundred  years  of  its 
exis  ence.  During  the  time  of  the  Commonwealth  in  England,  the  govern- 
ment  of  the  Province  was  usurped  by  commissioners  appointed  by  Cromwell, 
nd  after  the  revolution  which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of  William 


♦There  is  now  a  joint  commission  appointed  froi 
boundary  line  between  them. 


the  two  States,  for  the  purpose  of  adjusting  the 


Its  7  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


11 


and  Mary  upon  the  throne  of  England,  the  government  of  the  Province  was 
assumed  by  the  crown.  The  royal  government  continued  from  1692  until 
1715,  when  the  Proprietary’s  rightful  authority  was  restored  to  him  by 
George  I. 

The  interval  between  the  suppression  of  the  Ingle  insurrection  and  the 
arrival  of  Cromwell's  Commissioners,  (1651,)  short  as  it  was,  was  long 
enough  to  be  signalized  by  an  event  that  has  made  illustrious  the  colonial 
history  of  Maryland,  and  which  to  this  day  is  looked  back  upon  with 
pride.  In  1648  Lord  Baltimore  prescribed  a  new  oath  of  office  to  he  taken 
by  the  Lieutenant-General  of  the  Province;  and  in  that  age,  when  religious 
toleration,  as  now  understood,  was  unknown  in  Europe,  that  officer  was 
made  to  bind  himself  by  this  oath  that  he  would  not  “directly  or  indirectly 
trouble,  molest  or  discountenance  any  person  whatsoever  in  the  Province 
professing  to  believe  in  Jesus  Christ,  for  or  in  respect  of  his  or  her  religion,” 
or  the  free  exercise  thereof;  and  that  he  would  not  “make  any  difference  of 
persons  in  conferring  of  offices,  rewards  or  favors  for  or  in  respect  of  their 
said  religion ;”  and  further  that  if  any  officer  or  person  should  molest  or 
disturb  any  person  within  this  Province  on  account  of  his  religion,  he  would 
protect  the  person  molested  and  punish  the  offender.  At  the  session  of  the 
Assembly  the  same  year,  “an  act  concerning  religion”  was  passed,  by  which 
these  principles  were  embodied  in  the  statute  law,  and  their  observance 
enforced  under  penalties. 

In  consequence  of  this  wise  and  liberal  policy  of  religious  toleration, 
Maryland,  under  the  auspices  of  a  Roman  Catholic  Proprietary,  became  the 
common  refuge  for  all  who  were  suffering  religious  persecution.  Members 
of  the  Church  of  England,  Quakers  and  others,  resorted  thither  from  among 
the  Puritans  of  Hew  England,  and  Puritans  came  from  A  irginia  to  escape 
the  requirements  of  the  Established  Church  there;  while  Protestants  from 
France  and  Portugal  and  the  Netherlands,  fled  thither  from  the  persecutions 
in  those  countries.  So  that  this  policy  was  in  its  effect  as  beneficial  to  the 
Province,  by  the  valuable  additions  secured  to  the  population,  as  in  its  con¬ 
ception,  it  was  honorable  to  the  Proprietary.* 

As  the  population  gradually  increased,  new  and  more  extended  settlement 
began  to  be  made.  Baltimore  County  was  created  in  1659,  and  in  1683,  at 
a  session  of  the  Assembly  held  at  the  Ridge  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  among 
several  new  towns  that  were  created,  two  were  situated  in  that  county. 
Indeed  there  seems  to  have  existed  at  that  time  a  mania  ior  making  tovns, 
no  less  than  thirty-three  having  been  created  by  the  Assembly  in  the  space  of 

*  Of  the  Proprietary  who  thus  stands  before  us  as  a  man  far  in  advance  of  the  ideas  of  the  age  in  which 
he  lived,  it  may  be  said,  that  his  life  which  lasted  until  1075.  was  continually  devoted  to  the  best  interests 
of  the  Province  Of  him  it  was  written,  “never  did  a  people  enjoy  more  happiness  than  the  inhabitants 
of  Maryland  under  Cecilius,  the  founder  of  the  Province.1  (Ramsay  Uist.  Rev.  \\  ar  ) 

The  condition  of  religious  equality  which  he  established  continued  until  1002,  when  under  the  roya 
government  which  temporarily  supplanted  the  Proprietary,  there  was  for  the  find  time  an  ecclesiastical 

establishment  in  Maryland. 


12 


The  Monumental  City, 


four  years.  But  for  the  most  part  they  were  but  tentative,  being  intended 
only  for  places  of  landing  and  shipment,  having  but  little  territory  assigned 
to  them,  and  being  as  easily  unmade  as  made.  The  excessive  number  of 
the  towns  was  however  for  a  long  time  a  great  hindrance  to  their  growth  and 
development,  on  account  of  the  division  of  interests  it  occasioned,  and  the 
rivalries  and  jealousies  which  consequently  arose. 

As  the  settlements  extended  northward  it  was  impossible  that  the  advantages 
to  be  derived  from  the  establishment  of  a  port  near  the  head  of  the  bay  could 
long  escape  the  consideration  of  the  colonists;  and  in  looking  for  a  place 
adapted  for  that  purpose,  their  attention  would  naturally  be  drawn  to  the 
Patapsco  River,  in  which,  at  a  distance  of  only  about  fourteen  miles  from  the 
bay,  they  found,  at  tide  water,  a  safe  and  commodious  harbor,  easy  of  access, 
and  navigable  by  the  largest  vessels.  Accordingly,  in  1729,  an  act  was  passed 
by  the  Assembly  “for  erecting  a  town  on  the  north  side  of  Patapsco  in  Balti¬ 
more  County,  and  for  laying  out  into  lots  sixty  acres  of  land  in  and  about  the 
place  where  one  John  Flemming  now  lives.”  The  “sixty  acres”  which  were 
thus  assigned  as  the  dimensions  of  the  town,  were  purchased  by  the  Commis¬ 
sioners  appointed  for  that  purpose,  at  forty  shillings  per  acre,  or  about  ten 
dollars  of  our  present  money. 

The  metes  and  bounds  of  the  town  as  originally  laid  out  are  thus  described 
in  Griffith’s  Annals,  viz:  “Commencing  at  a  point  near  the  northwest  inter¬ 
section  of  what  are  now  called  Pratt  and  Light  streets,  and  running  north¬ 
westerly  along  or  near  Uhler’s  alley  towards  the  great  eastern  road,  and  a 
great  gully,  or  drain,  at  or  near  Sharpe  street,  then  across  Baltimore  street 
east  ol  the  gully  northeasterly  with  the  same  road  afterwards  called  the 
Church  Load,  and  now  McClellan’s  alley,  to  the  precipice  which  overhung 
the  falls  at  or  near  the  southwest  corner  of  St.  Paul  street  [now  Saratoga] 
and  St.  Paul’s  lane,  then  with  the  bank  of  that  stream,  southerly  and  easterly, 
various  courses  unto  the  low  grounds  ten  perches  west  of  Gay  street,  then  due 
south  along  the  matgin  of  those  low  grounds  to  the  bank  on  the  north  side  of 
the  river,  and  then  by  that  bank  various  courses,  nearly  as  Water  street  runs, 
westerly  and  southerly,  to  the  first  mentioned  point.”  Although  the  position 
selected  for  Baltimore  indicates  that  its  founders  had  in  view  the  facilities  for 


trade  which  it  enjoyed,  the  small  amount  of  land  originally  taken,  and  the 
nature  of  the  ground  selected,  surrounded  as  it  was  by  hills,  water  courses  and 
marshes,  clearly  show  that  they  had  no  anticipation  of  what  were  actually  to 
be  the  size  and  importance  of  the  city  they  were  founding.  The  hills  with 
which  the  city  abounds,  and  which  at  this  day  contribute  so  much  to  its 
pictui  esqueness,  have  rendered  the  work  of  extending  and  grading  streets  in 
many  instances  both  difficult  and  expensive.  “The  precipice  overhanging  the 
falls  alluded  to,  has  either  entirely  disappeared,  or  been  converted  into 
graded  declivities.  Through  the  city  ot  to-day  flow  no  less  than  three  streams, 
known  as  Jones’  Falls,  Harford  Run  and  Chatsworth  Run,  (but  of  these  only 


*  Jones'  Falls,  a  stream  that  flows  through  the  midst  of  the  city. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


13 


the  first  named  is  now  uncovered,)  while  a  fourth,  Gwynn’s  Palls,  forms  a 
portion  of  the  city’s  boundary  upon  the  west.  A  marsh  which  extended  along 
the  border  of  Jones’  Palls,  and  formed  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  town  as 
first  laid  out,  has  long  since  been  filled  up  and  built  upon. 

Notwithstanding  these  disadvantages,  the  unusual  facilities  for  direct  com¬ 
munication  with  the  interior,  the  great  security  of  the  harbor,  the  remarkable 
healthfulness  of  the  situation,  (probably  greatly  contributed  to  by  the  excel¬ 
lent  natural  drainage,)  the  fertility  of  the  surrounding  country,  the  abundance 
of  stone,  lime,  iron  and  timber  in  the  immediate  vicinity,  and  the  many  mill 
seats  obtainable  upon  the  neighboring  streams,  amply  justify  the  sagacity 
shown  in  the  selection  of  the  site. 

The  town  having  been  duly  surveyed,  and  divided  into  sixty  lots  of  about 
one  acre  each,  an  office  was  opened  for  purchasers  on  the  14th  of  January, 
1730.  It  was  stipulated  in  the  terms  of  purchase  that  a  house  “  covering  at 
least  four  hundred  square  feet”  should  be  erected  within  eighteen  months; 
and  no  person  was  permitted  to  take  up  more  than  one  lot  during  the  first 
four  months.  The  buyers  appear  to  have  been  very  few,  and  the  lots  went 
off  but  slowly; — so  slowly  indeed  that  some  of  them  having  remained  untaken 
for  seven  years,  reverted  to  the  original  owners  of  the  land,  according  to  the 
terms  of  the  law  under  which  the  town  was  erected. 

When  the  town  was  first  laid  out,  there  was  scarcely  a  house  standing  upon 
the  whole  sixty  acres ;  some  few  settlements  had  however  been  made  in  the 
neighborhood,  and  lands  had  been  taken  up  as  early  as  16G2.  The  first 
actual  settler  is  said  to  have  been  Mr.  David  Jones,  who,  about  the  year  1G80, 
having  purchased  some  land,  erected  a  house  upon  the  north  [or  east]  side  of 
the  falls,  which  bear  his  name.  Other  houses  were  built  in  that  neighbor¬ 
hood,  and  in  1732  the  settlement  was  erected  into  a  town  by  the  name 
of  Jones-Town,  comprising  ten  acres  of  land,  and  separated  from  Balti- 
more-Town  by  the  falls  and  the  marsh,  of  which  mention  has  already  been 
made.  In  1743  the  two  towns  were  united,  and  the  name  of  Baltimore  given 
to  both,  and  in  1747  the  intermediate  territory,  comprising  eighteen  acres? 
was  added  to  the  town.  On  account  of  the  older  settlement  in  that  locality, 
Jones-Town  was  generally  called  “  Old-Town,”  and  the  name  is  still  applied 
to  that  portion  of  the  city  which  occupies  the  site  of  the  ancient  town.  In 
1730,  William  Pell,  a  ship-carpenter,  settled  upon  the  point  one  mile  south¬ 
east  from  the  town  upon  the  outer  basin.  In  1773,  although  at  that  time  a 
long  stretch  of  vacant  country  lay  between,  the  point,  which  had  then  become 
a  flourishing  settlement,  was  added  to  the  town.  Like  “  Old-down,  it  has 
retained  its  ancient  name,  being  still  called,  after  its  first  settler,  “  I  ell  s 
Point.”  Whetstone  Point,  on  the  south  side  of  the  basin,  upon  the  extreme 
end  of  which  Fort  McHenry  is  situated,  and  which  now  forms  a  part  of  the 
city,  was  made  a  town  as  early  as  1706.  From  these  separate  towns  and 
settlements  the  city  has  grown  up.  They  have  for  many  yeais  been  united, 
not  only  in  name,  but  by  unbroken  lines  of  buildings  which  cover  all  the 


14 


The  Monumental  City. 


spaces  by  which  they  were  once  separated ;  so  that  only  the  traditionary 
names  are  left  to  distinguish  the  old  localities. 

For  some  years  after  its  foundation,  Baltimore  gave  little  promise  of  its 
future  greatness.  In  1752  a  rough  sketch  of  the  town,  as  it  appeared 
from  Federal  Hill,  was  made  by  Mr.  John  Moale.  A  reduced  cut  of  this 
sketch  as  corrected  and  completed  by  Mr.  Daniel  Bowly,  is  given  on  the 
opposite  page.  Though  twenty-two  years  had  elapsed  since  its  foundation, 
the  town  then  numbered  but  twenty-five  houses,  including  a  school-house 
and  a  church.  The  church  (St.  Paul’s)  which  is  represented  in  the  sketch 
upon  the  highest  point  in  the  town,  was  begun  by  the  members  of  the  Church 
of  England  in  1731,  but  was  not  completed  until  1744.  Its  successor,  the 
present  church  at  the  corner  of  Charles  and  Saratoga  streets,  occupies  a  site 
very  near  that  upon  which  the  original  building  stood.  But  four  of  the 
houses  in  the  town  at  that  time  were  built  of  brick,  and  for  these  the  bricks 
were  imported  from  England;  as  the  inhabitants  had  not  yet  discovered  that 
directly  under  their  feet  was  the  clay  for  making  the  finest  bricks  in  the 
world.  Judging  from  the  number  of  houses,  the  population  of  the  town 
could  not  then  have  been  more  than  200;  but  in  the  Gentlemen’s  Magazine 
the  population  of  the  county  for  the  same  year  is  given  as  17,233. 

The  only  two  sea-going  vessels  then  owned  in  the  town,  are  represented  in 
the  sketch.  They  were  the  sloop  “  Baltimore,”  belonging  to  Mr.  William 
Lux,  and  the  brig  Philip  and  Charles,”  belonging  to  Mr.  Nicholas  Rogers. 

I  he  latter  was  the  first  square-rigged  vessel  owned  here.  To  the  right  of  the 
picture  appears  the  first  Tobacco  Inspection  Warehouse,  the  importance  of 
that  product  of  the  Province,  which  at  that  time  was  its  principal  article  of 
export,  having  already  given  occasion  for  the  inspection  system  which  pre¬ 
vails  to  this  day. 

I  he  effect  ol  the  war,  which  raged  shortly  after  this  period  between  the 
English  and  French  settlements  in  this  country,  tended  to  promote  the  growth 
of  Baltimore  by  disposing  the  inhabitants  to  remain  at  the  old  settlements 


rather  than  penetrate  into  the  sparsely  inhabited  regions  in  the  interior.  After 
the  defeat  oi  the  English  forces  under  General  Braddock  at  Fort  Du  Quesne, 
in  1755,  the  Indian  allies  ot  the  French,  having  passed  Forts  Cumberland  and 
Fiederick,  penetrated  to  within  eighty  miles  of  Baltimore.  So  great  was  the 
consternation  created  in  the  town  by  raids  in  the  neighborhood,  that  the 
women  and  children  were  put,  for  greater  safety,  upon  the  vessels  lying  in  the 
haiboi,  and.  a  strong  fence  ol  palisades  was  ordered  to  be  constructed,  encircling 
the  town,  the  successlul  issue  ol  the  campaign  of  1758  and  the  capture  of 
loit  Du  Quesne  having  caused  the  fears  excited  by  these  incursions  to  be 
allayed,  the  defences  soon  iell  a  prey  to  the  more  needy  portion  of  the  commu- 
nity,  who  found  in  the  palisades  a  convenient  supply  of  fire- wood. 

In  the  yeai  1*50  a  considerable  addition  was  made  to  the  population  of  the 
tow  n  b\  the  ai  rival  oi  a  band  ol  French  refugees  from  Nova  Scotia,  (then  called 
Acadia.)  ol  which  the  English  had  obtained  possession. 


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16 


The  Monumental  City, 


From  about  this  time  seems  to  date  the  growth  of  Baltimore.  FelPs  Point, 
which,  as  has  been  already  remarked,  was  not  added  to  the  town  until  1773, 
became  a  busy  seat  of  industry.  Ship-yards  were  established  there,  and  on 
account  of  its  greater  accessibility  for  the  shipping  many  merchants  made  their 
residence  there,  so  that  for  a  long  time  it  was  doubtful  whether  town  or  point 
was  to  be  the  nucleus  of  the  future  city.  A  disposition  for  internal  improve¬ 
ments  manifested  itself  at  this  time.  In  1763,  the  first  market-house  was 
built,  situated  at  the  corner  of  Baltimore  and  Gay  streets.  In  1766,  the  marsh 
between  Frederick  street  and  the  falls  was  ordered  to  be  filled,  and  in  1768, 
Baltimore  had  risen  so  much  in  importance  as  to  justify  the  removal  of  the 
court-house  from  Joppa,  (now  an  inconsiderable  village  in  the  northwestern 
portion  of  the  county,  on  the  Gunpowder  River,)  to  this  place.  Baltimore 
continued  to  be  the  county  seat  until  1851,  when  the  city  and  county  jurisdic¬ 
tions  were  separated  and  the  county  courts  established  at  Towsontown.  In 
1769,  the  first  fire-engine,  which  was  bought  by  a  few  public  spirited  men  at  a 
cost  of  £99,  was  introduced,  and  the  same  year,  the  first  Pom  an  Catholic 
Church  was  erected.  The  site  of  it  is  now  occupied  by  Calvert  Hall,  a 
school  of  the  Bedemptorists,  on  Saratoga  street.  In  1773,  a  workhouse  was 
established,  a  small  theatre  erected,  and  a  Methodist  congregation  organized. 
The  members  of  the  Methodist  society  (which  was  yet  in  its  infancy)  built  a 
church  for  their  use  in  Strawberry  alley,  and  the  next  year,  one  in  Lovely  lane. 

The  general  prosperity  of  the  Province  since  the  foundation  of  Baltimore, 
appears  from  the  rapid  increase  in  the  population.  In  1733,  the  taxable 
inhabitants,  (i.  e.  all  males  above  the  age  of  sixteen  and  all  negro  or  mulatto 
females,)  numbered  31,470.  In  1748  the  entire  population  was  130,000, 
(94,000  whites  and  36,000  blacks.)  In  1756,  it  had  increased  to  154,188, 
(107,963  whites  and  46,225  blacks.)  In  1761,  it  amounted  to  164,007, 
(114,332  whites  and  49,675  blacks.)  A  valuable  addition  to  the  population 
during  this  period,  (but  one  which  was  greatly  deplored  at  the  time  by  the 
good  people  of  the  Province,)  was  the  number  of  convicts  imported,  which 
is  estimated  to  have  been  no  less  than  fifteen  or  twenty  thousand.  They 
were  brought  over  by  private  shippers,  who  made  a  contract  with  the  gov¬ 
ernment  of  England  for  the  purpose,  and  sold  them  into  servitude  in  the 
Province  for  their  term  of  transportation.  Hazardous  as  it*was  to  introduce 
into  a  community  such  great  numbers  of  persons  whose  past  record  wTas  that 
of  crime,  the  experiment  worked  well.  The  lack  of  labor,  which,  as  in  all 
new  countries,  had  been  felt  as  a  serious  inconvenience  in  the  colonv,  was 
by  this  means  supplied,  and  the  convicts,  becoming  identified  with  the 
ordinary  population,  when  their  term  of  servitude  expired,  many  of  them 
were  transformed  into  useful  and  reputable  citizens,  and  some  of  them  rose 
to  honorable  distinction.* 

I  he  exports  of  tobacco  from  Maryland  to  England  were  estimated  in  1761 
to  be  about  28,000  hhds.  annually,  valued  at  £140,000.  The  other  exports  at 


#  McMahon,  p.  314. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


17 


this  period  were  wheat,  lumber,  corn,  flour,  pig  and  bar  iron  in  small  quanti¬ 
ties,  skins  and  furs;  but  the  total  value  of  all  these  commodities  was  estimated 
in  1761  at  only  £80.000.* * * § 

The  policy  of  England  was  to  stifle  all  manufacturing  industry  in  her 
colonies,  so  as  to  preserve  in  them  a  market  for  her  own  productions.  In 
pursuance  of  this  system,  manufactures  were  prohibited,  and  notwithstanding 
the  guaranty  given  in  the  charter  of  Maryland  to  the  contrary, f  the  trade  of 
the  colonies  was  restricted  to  England  and  her  possessions.  Thus  thwarted 
and  repressed,  Maryland  made  but  little  progress  in  commerce  during  this 
period.  Beyond  the  coarse  homespun  manufactured  in  private  families  for 
their  own  use,  there  was  nothing  deserving  the  name  of  manufacture  in  the 
Province,  excepting  the  production  of  iron ;  and  so  great  was  the  jealousy  with 
which  England  looked  upon  even  this  enterprise,  that  in  order  to  discourage 
it,  a  bounty  was  offered  upon  English  iron  imported  into  the  colonies. J  The 
Assembly  of  Maryland,  in  1719,  attempted  to  counteract  this  influence  by 
offering  a  free  grant  of  one  hundred  acres  of  land  to  any  one  who  would 
put  up  a  furnace  or  forge.  As  early  as  1749,  eight  furnaces  and  nine  forges 
were  in  operation  in  the  Province ;  §  but  for  the  materials  for  clothing 
and  all  the  appliances  of  civilized  life,  the  colonists  were  kept  entirely 
dependent  upon  England.  In  the  condition  of  the  shipping,  the  same  state 
of  dependence  existed;  in  restricting  the  trade  of  the  colonies  to  English 
ports,  England  took  care  to  see  that  that  trade  was  carried  in  English 
bottoms.  So  that,  while  in  1761  there  were  employed  in  the  trade  between 
England  and  Maryland,  one  hundred  and  twenty  vessels  of  18,000  tons 
burthen,  the  entire  shipping  of  the  colony,  (which  indeed  had  suffered  con¬ 
siderable  diminution  during  the  war  with  the  French  settlements,)  amounted 
to  but  thirty  vessels  of  1,300  tons,  chiefly  employed  in  the  trade  with  the 
English  possessions  in  the  West  Indies. ||  Notwithstanding  that  these  condi¬ 
tions  of  commercial  dependence  upon  England  were  for  a  long  period  quietly 
acquiesced  in,  the  Province  gradually  grew  in  strength  and  population,  and 
in  the  development  of  those  internal  resources  which  are  a  necessary  con¬ 
dition  to  the  independent  existence  of  every  State. 

Affairs  were  in  this  condition  when  there  came  the  first  mutterings  ot  that 
storm  which  was  about  to  break  over  the  American  colonies,  and  amid  the 


*  McMahon,  p.  315.  t  See  page  9. 

+  McSherry’s  History  of  Maryland,  page  116.  In  1750  an  act  was  passed  by  the  English  1  arliameni, 
taking  the  duty  oft' of  .American  iron,  but  at  the  same  time  prohibiting  the  erection  of  slitting  or  iolling 

mills  in  the  colonies.  The  object  of  this  measure  was  the  preservation  of  the  English  foiests  Corn  con¬ 
sumption  as  fuel  for  furnaces. 

§  An  interesting  relic  of  the  iron  manufactories  of  those  days  recently  came  into  the  possession  of  the 
Stickney  Iron  Company,  consisting  of  two  or  three  pigs  of  iron  discovered  at  the  bed  of  the  Patapsco  Riven 
just  below  the  city,  at  a  point  between  Fort  Mcllcnry  and  the  wharf  of  the  Stickney  Company  s  1 1. inace. 
These  pigs  are  corroded  and  covered  with  barnacles,  but  distinctly  bear  the  maik'  1  rinc'pio  ^  JUSl, 
showing  that  they  have  probably  lain  at  the  bottom  of  the  river  for  more  than  a  centuiy.  1  he  1  rincipio 
Furnace  was  erected  in  Cecil  County,  about  1715-20. 

McMahon,  p.  316. 


18 


The  Monumental  City, 


struggles  and  hardships  of  which,  the  bands  which  bound  them  to  Eng¬ 
land  were  to  be  finally  severed,  and  the  foundations  laid  of  their  future 
greatness. 

The  restrictions  and  encroachments  which  had  been  made  by  England,  under 
the  plea  of  regulating  commerce,  upon  the  trade  of  the  colonies,  although  giving- 
rise  to  occasional  manifestations  of  dissatisfaction,  had  for  the  most  part  been 
quietly  submitted  to.  But  notwithstanding  this,  the  colonies  with  one  consent 
stoutly  maintained  their  exclusive  and  indefeasible  rights  to  regulate  all  matters 
relating  to  their  own  internal  government,  and  the  imposition  of  taxes.  In  no 
colony  was  this  feeling  more  deeply  rooted  than  in  Maryland.  Proud  of  their 
charter  government,  and  the  rights  it  assured  them,  the  freemen  of  this 
Province  viewed  any  encroachment  upon  their  liberties  with  peculiar  jealousy. 
England  on  the  other  hand  was  as  persistently  determined  to  abrogate  all  char¬ 
tered  rights,  and  take  the  matter  of  taxation  into  her  own  hands,  so  as  to  derive 
a  revenue  from  the  colonies  by  this  means.  When,  at  length,  the  war  with 
France  having  been  brought  to  a  successful  termination,  the  French  posses¬ 
sions  in  America  were  ceded  to  England  by  the  Treaty  of  Paris,  (1763,) 
and  England  was  thus  left  to  deal  with  only  her  own  colonies,  without  the 
possibility  of  foreign  intervention,  the  time  seemed  to  have  come  when  the 
long  cherished  plans  of  taxation  might  be  put  into  successful  operation. 
Well  aware  of  the  difficulties  of  the  undertaking,  and  the  opposition  which  it 
would  excite  on  the  part  of  the  colonists,  the  English  government  proceeded 
slowly  towards  its  accomplishment,  cautiously  feeling  the  temper  of  the  colon¬ 
ists,  and  seeking  to  adopt,  as  the  entering  wedge  of  the  odious  measures,  some 
plan  of  taxation  which  should  be  as  little  onerous  as  possible.  The  history  of 
the  “  Stamp  Act,”  by  which  it  was  hoped  that  a  tax — free  from  all  the  annoy¬ 
ances  of  collection — might  be  successfully  imposed  upon  the  colonies,  belongs 
to  the  history  of  the  whole  country.  The  act  was  passed  by  the  English 
Parliament  in  March,  1765.  Perceiving  the  necessity  for  united  and  concerted 
action  on  their  part,  the  colonies  had  recourse  in  this  emergency  to  a  Conti¬ 
nental  Congress.  The  Congress  assembled  at  New  York  in  October  of  the 
same  year,  and  in  its  firm  but  temperate  tone,  the  colonies  gave  unmistakable 
evidence  that  they  were  arrayed  with  an  unbroken  front  against  the  aggres¬ 
sions  of  the  mother  countrv. 

I  he  sturdy  opposition  to  the  tax  which  was  maintained  by  all  the  colonies, 
and  which  led  to  the  repeal  of  the  act  by  the  English  Parliament  the  very 
next  year  alter  its  passage,  manifested  itself  in  Maryland  by  the  prompt 
expulsion  of  the  Stamp  distributor  from  the  Province,  with  every  mark  of 
indignation  and  contempt,  immediately  upon  his  arrival  from  England;  and 
a  quantity  of  stamped  paper  which  arrived  here  was  not  suffered  to  be  taken 
from  the  ship  in  which  it  was  brought  over. 

Although  from  the  impossibility  of  enforcing  it,  the  English  Parliament 
vas  thus  obliged  to  repeal  the  Stamp  Act,  the  long  cherished  purpose 
of  taxing  the  colonies  was  not  abandoned.  The  next  method  resorted  to 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


19 


for  accomplishing  this  object,  was  the  imposition  of  a  duty  on  certain  articles — 
especially  tea — imported  into  the  colonies.  This  duty,  it  was  thought,  might 
he  successfully  imposed  under  cover  of  the  right  to  regulate  commerce, 
which  had  been  already  conceded  to  the  English  government.  But  public 
feeling  in  this  country  was  now  too  thoroughly  aroused  for  any  plan  of  taxa¬ 
tion  to  be  submitted  to.  “ Non-importation  Societies”  were  formed  for  the 
purpose  of  excluding  English  merchandise  from  the  colonies.  The  American 
market  being  thus  closed,  a  large  quantity  of  tea  accumulated  in  the  ware¬ 
houses  of  the  East  India  Company.  It  then  became  the  interest  of  that 
Company  to  co-operate  with  Parliament  in  attempting  to  force  the  tea  into 
the  American  colonies;  and  in  order  to  facilitate  that  Company  in  its  efforts, 
in  May,  1773,  Parliament  allowed  a  drawback  upon  tea  exported  to  America, 
so  that  the  duty  might  be  imposed  without  enhancing  the  price  of  the  article. 
Under  this  arrangement,  several  cargoes  of  tea  were  shipped  with  the  hope 
that  now  they  would  be  admitted  into  the  country.  But  the  colonies  were 
contending  for  a  principle;  they  claimed  that  they  could  not  be  taxed  by  a 
Parliament  in  which  they  had  no  representation,  and  they  would  agree  to 
nothing  that  involved  a  surrender  of  that  principle.  The  vessels  consigned 
to  New  York  and  Philadelphia  were  forced  to  return  without  unloading;  that 
consigned  to  Boston  was  boarded  at  night  by  a  party  of  citizens  in  disguise, 
and  its  contents  thrown  overboard.  Several  packages  of  tea  that  were  brought 
over  by  a  vessel  that  came  into  the  St.  Mary’s  River,  Maryland,  in  August, 
1774,  were  sent  back  without  being  unloaded;  while  a  vessel  which  arrived  in 
the  October  following,  at  Annapolis,  (then  the  principal  city,  and  still  the 
capital  of  Maryland,)  with  eighteen  packages  of  tea  on  board,  was  not  allowed 
to  come  up  to  the  landing;  and  the  consignee,  who  had  paid  the  duty  on  the 
tea,  in  the  hope  of  being  permitted  to  land  it,  could  only  allay  the  popular 
indignation  by  burning  the  vessel  and  its  contents,  setting  fire  to  it  with  his 
own  hand.  As  a  consequence  of  the  destruction  of  the  tea  at  Boston,  a  bill, 
depriving  that  city  of  its  privileges  as  a  port  of  entry  and  discharge,  was 
passed  by  Parliament,  and  received  the  royal  sanction  March  31,  1774. 

A  Continental  Congress,  which  had  proved  so  successful  against  the  Stamp 
Act,  was  in  the  present  emergency  again  resorted  to.  It  assembled  in  Phila¬ 
delphia,  September  5th,  1774.  The  unanimous  and  determined  resolution 
exhibited  by  this  Congress  to  maintain  the  colonial  rights  and  liberties, 
showed  plainly  that  the  English  government  had  aroused  a  bold  and  free- 
spirited  people.  A  system  of  non-importation,  which  had  alieady  been  \ery 
generally  adopted,  was  now  formally  recommended,  excluding  from  the 
country  not  only  the  taxed  articles,  but  all  articles  whatsoever  which  came 
either  directly  or  indirectly  from  Great  Britain  or  Ireland.  Corresponding 
restrictions  were  laid  upon  exportations;  so  that  the  system  recommended 
was  really  one  of  non-intercourse  with  the  mother  country.  The  object 
which  the  colonies  sought  to  accomplish  by  these  means,  was  the  repeal  of 
the  obnoxious  measures  of  taxation.  They  still  hoped  that  the  English 


20 


The  Monumental  City, 


government  would  recede  from  its  position,  as  it  had  done  in  the  case  of  the 
Stamp  Act.  A  strong  feeling  yet  existed,  on  the  part  of  many,  against 
hostilities  with  the  country  they  still  called  “home.”  But  the  course  of  the 
English  government  showed  that  there  was  nothing  to  be  hoped  for  from 
that  quarter.  “The  petitions”  of  the. colonies  “were  spurned,  their  assem¬ 
blies  declared  rebellious,  their  persons  and  property  made  objects  of  plunder, 
and  those  bloodhounds  of  war,  foreign  mercenaries,  were  to  be  let  loose  upon 
them  to  pillage  and  desolate  their  country.”*  All  hope  of  reconciliation 
was  now  removed,  and  the  American  people  were  ready  to  sever  the  last  ties 
that  bound  them  to  England.  On  both  sides  the  preparations  for  hostilities 
began.  The  decisive  step  was  at  last  taken.  On  the  4th  of  July,  1776,  the 
Continental  Congress,  then  assembled  in  Philadelphia,  published  to  the  world 
the  Declaration  of  Independence.  The  news  was  received  in  Baltimore  with 
great  enthusiasm.  On  the  22d  of  the  month,  the  Declaration  was  publicly 
read  from  the  Court-House,  amid  the  acclamations  of  the  people,  the  firing 
of  salutes,  and  cries  for  the  prosperity  of  the  United  States.  At  night  the 
town  was  illuminated. 

The  Proprietary  government  of  Maryland  was  at  this  time  held  by  Henry 
Harford,  Esq.,  an  illegitimate  son  of  the  last  Lord  Baltimore,  who  had  died 
in  1771,  and  with  whom  the  title  had  become  extinct.  Towards  the  govern¬ 
ment  of  the  Lords  Baltimore,  who,  for  the  most  part,  had  ruled  the  Province 
with  a  beneficent  sway,  the  people  of  Maryland  entertained  feelings  of  loyal 
attachment  ;  but  towards  the  present  Proprietary,  a  stranger  in  person  and  in 
name,  none  of  these  feelings  existed.  His  government  was  promptly  over¬ 
thrown,  and  a  Convention  called  to  frame  a  constitutional  government  for  the 
new  “State  of  Maryland.”  In  this  Convention,  which  assembled  at  Annapolis, 
on  the  14th  of  August,  1776,  Baltimore-Town,  (which  could  now  boast  of 
564  houses  and  5,934  inhabitants,  with  821  more  at  the  point,)  for  the  first 
time  had  representation  separate  from  the  county,  being  permitted  to  send 
two  delegates  in  addition  to  the  four  returned  from  the  county. 

From  the  very  commencement  of  the  war,  and  throughout  its  continuance, 
Maryland  entered  into  it  with  spirit  and  energy.  The  nearness  of  the  battle¬ 
fields  caused  constant  demands  to  be  made  upon  this  State,  for  supplies  of  both 
troops  and  provisions.  The  demands  were  promptly  met;  and  the  troops 
themselves,  by  their  gallant  conduct  in  many  a  hard-fought  field,  have  made 
famous  the  name  of  the  Maryland  Line.  At  the  battle  of  Long  Island, 
(Brooklyn  Heights)  August  27,  1776,  when  the  Maryland  troops  were  for  the 
first  time  brought  into  action,  a  part  of  a  battalion  shook,  with  repeated 
bayonet  charges,  a  whole  brigade  of  British  regulars.  The  reputation  which 
they  then  won,  as  being  the  first  American  troops  to  use  the  bayonet,  was  well 
maintained.  On  more  than  one  occasion  thereafter,  Maryland  troops  charged 
and  repulsed  the  enemy  with  unloaded  muskets.  In  addition  to  her  troops 
in  the  field,  Maryland  had,  during  a  part  of  the  war,  to  maintain  a  separate 


*  McMahon,  p.  420. 


21 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


marine  service,  for  the  protection  of  her  shores  from  the  English  cruisers, 

which,  until  the  arrival  of  a  French  fleet  in  1779,  continually  infested  the 
Chesapeake  Bay. 

The  demand  for  money  for  the  public  service,  far  beyond  what  could  be 
laised  by  taxation,  which  the  necessities  of  the  war  occasioned,  led  to  immense 
issues  of  State  and  Continental  paper  currency.  This  currency,  without 
credit,  and  with  a  compulsory  circulation,  very  soon  became  greatly  depre¬ 
ciated.  Perceiving  the  ruinous  tendency  of  a  superabundant  and  depreciated 
currency,  Congress  sought  to  correct  the  evils  inseparable  from  such  a  condi¬ 
tion  of  affairs,  by  calling  upon  the  States  to  contribute  their  respective  shares 
for  redeeming  the  greater  part  of  the  circulation.  The  portion  for  which 
Maryland  was  thus  called  upon  to  provide,  was  more  than  $20,000,000. 
Finding  it  quite  impossible  to  raise  this  sum  by  taxation,  it  was  finally 
determined  by  the  Assembly  of  Maryland,  in  March,  1781,  to  redeem  it,  by  a 
new  issue,  (called  the  black  money,)  at  the  rate  of  forty  of  the  old  for  one  of  the 
new.  The  next  year  the  black  currency  was  replaced  by  a  new  issue,  called  the 
Ted  money.  The  credit  of  this  issue  was  better  sustained  than  that  of  former 
issues,  as  the  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  the  confiscated  property  of  persons  dis¬ 
affected  to  the  cause  of  American  liberties,  was  pledged  for  its  redemption. 

The  privations  and  necessities  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  called  for  the 
exercise  in  the  American  people  of  the  very  qualities  which  formed  the  best 
guaranty  of  the  stability  of  that  independence  for  which  they  fought;  namely, 
a  dependence  on  themselves  and  their  own  resources.  Various  branches  of 
manufacture  which  had  been  prohibited  under  British  rule,  were  estab¬ 


lished  during  this  period,  to  supply  the  place  of  the  foreign  products,  which 
could  no  longer  be  obtained.  As  early  as  1778,  there  were  established  in 
Baltimore-Town  a  linen  factory,  a  bleach  yard,  a  paper  mill,  a  woollen  and 
linen  factory,  a  slitting  mill,  a  card  factory  and  two  nail  factories.  And 
notwithstanding  the  difficulties  which  had  to  be  encountered,  a  very  consid¬ 
erable  foreign  trade  was  carried  on — chiefly  with  the  West  Indies — in  the 
swift-sailing  craft  of  the  Chesapeake.  The  progress  made  in  commerce  at 
this  time,  was  sufficiently  great  to  lead  to  the  establishment  of  a  custom-house 
at  Baltimore,  in  1780;  thus  relieving  the  merchants  of  this  place  from  the 
delays  and  inconvenience  to  which  they  had  hitherto  been  subjected,  in 
entering  and  clearing  their  vessels  at  the  custom-house  at  Annapolis. 

During  the  years  intervening  between  the  cessation  of  hostilities  (1782)  and 
the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution,  (1788)  there  was  a  temporary 
suspension  of  even  that  commercial  activity  that  had  been  able  to  exist  during 
the  war.  With  a  depreciated  currency,  inadequate  shipping,  an  unpaid  war 
debt  of  $44,000,000,  and  the  future  condition  of  the  country,  and  even  its 
national  existence,  enveloped  in  uncertainty,  there  was  cause  enough  to  para¬ 
lyze  for  a  while  even  the  most  determined  energy.  The  commercial  difficulties 
at  this  time  were  very  much  increased  by  an  over-importation  of  foreign 
goods.  The  low  prices  of  tobacco  and  flour,  which  still  formed  the  principal 


The  Monumental  City, 


22 

articles  of  export  from  Maryland,  added  to  the  distress  in  this  part  of  the 
country.  But  this  state  of  things  was  not  destined  to  continue  long.  The 
establishment  of  the  Federal  Government,  and  the  funding  of  the  public 
debt,  restored  a  feeling  of  confidence,  and  there  soon  followed  a  period  of 

remarkable  commercial  activity  and  prosperity. 

A  new  avenue  that  was  opened  for  the  tobacco  trade,  tended  ciiiectly  to 
secure  for  Baltimore  that  pre-eminence  to  which  it  was  justly  entitled,  but 
for  which  it  had  long  to  struggle  with  several  other  towns,  which  in  those 
days  were  formidable  rivals.  Under  England’s  colonial  system,  the  tobacco 
trade  before  the  Revolution,  had  been  carried  on  exclusively  with  English 
merchants,  who  had  their  agencies  at  some  of  the  older  towns,  situated  at 
convenient  places  ot  landing  and  shipment  upon  the  riveis.  Among  the 
principal  seats  of  this  trade  were  Annapolis,  Bladensburg,  Upper  Marlboro’, 
and  Elk  Ridge  Landing.  To  these  places,  the  tobacco,  securely  packed  in 
hogsheads,  was  conveyed  from  the  plantations  by  being  rolled  along  roads 
that  were  constructed  for  the  purpose.  Several  of  these  primitive  roads  still 
exist  in  the  State.  One  of  them,  which  leads  through  a  part  of  Baltimore 
County  to  Elk  Ridge  Landing,  still  bears  the  name  of  the  “ Rolling  Road.” 

After  the  war,  the  English  merchants  sought  to  regain  their  lucrative 
traffic,  and  for  this  purpose  re-established  their  agencies  at  the  former  places 
of  trade;  but  in  the  meanwhile  a  Dutch  house  had  settled  at  Baltimore,  and 
entered  largely  into  the  tobacco  business,  purchasing  for  direct  shipment  to 
Holland.  By  the  acquisition  of  capital,  the  Baltimore  merchants  were  soon 
enabled  to  make  shipments  in  their  own  vessels,  and  for  their  own  account. 
In  this  manner,  the  tobacco  trade  became  entirely  diverted  to  Baltimore,  and 
the  agencies  of  the  English  houses  at  other  places  were  discontinued. 

With  the  advancement  of  commerce,  the  condition  of  the  harbor  of  Balti¬ 
more  began  to  attract  attention.  In  1783,  a  board  of  nine  port-wardens  was 
appointed,  with  authority  to  make  a  survey  and  chart  of  the  basin,  harbor 
and  Patapsco  River,  to  ascertain  the  depth  and  course  of  the  channel,  and 
provide  for  the  cleaning  of  the  same.  In  order  to  defray  the  expense  of  this 
undertaking,  an  impost  of  one  penny  per  ton,  (afterwards  increased  to  two¬ 
pence,)  was  laid  upon  all  vessels  entering  or  clearing. 

The  water  at  that  time  reached  up  to  Exchange  Place  and  Water  strbet  on 
the  north,  and  nearly  to  Charles  street  on  the  west;  the  space  occupied  by  water 
being  estimated  as  equal  to  double  the  surface  of  the  present  basin  and  docks. 
While  the  means  of  intercourse  with  foreign  countries  were  being  thus 
improved,  domestic  and  inland  connections  were  not  overlooked.  In  1782  a 
line  of  stages  was  established  between  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore,  and  the 
following  year  lines  to  Frederick-Town  and  Annapolis.  A  company  was 
organized  to  make  a  canal  on  the  Susquehanna,  and  shortly  after  the  Potomac 
Canal  Company  was  formed.  The  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal  Company 
was  not  organized  until  1799,  but  the  project  had  been  contemplated,  and 
the  surveys  made,  as  early  as  1709.  As  the  first  indication  in  this  vicinity  of 


23 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


the  revolution  which  steam  was  about  to  introduce  in  the  commercial  world, 
James  Rumsey,  of  Cecil  County,  procured,  in  1784,  the  exclusive  privilege  for 
this  State  lor  making  and  vending  “ vessels  to  he  propelled  by  steam  with 
or  against  the  current.” 


In  the  general  spirit  of  progress  manifested  at  this  time,  the  internal 
improvement  of  the  town  was  not  neglected.  The  streets  were  extended,  and 
for  the  first  time  paved;  and  the  various  bridges  across  the  falls  were  put  in 


a  more  substantial  condition.  The  single  market-house  which  had  hitherto 
been  used,  being  found  inadequate  to  the  wants  of  the  growing  population, 
(which  in  1782  was  estimated  at  8,000,  an  increase  of  one-third  since  1775,) 
it  was  abandoned  in  1783  and  three  new  ones  erected,  in  which  market  was 
held  on  different  days  of  the  week.  The  three  new  markets  established  were 
the  Centre  Market,  on  land  given  by  Mr.  Thomas  Harrison;  the  Fell’s  Point 
Market,  for  the  benefit  of  the  residents  at  the  Point,  which  was  built  on  land 
given  by  Mr.  William  Fell;  and  the  Hanover  Market,  for  the  accommodation 
of  persons  in  what  was  then  the  extreme  western  portion  of  the  town. 

The  ground  upon  which  the  Centre  Market  was  erected  was  a  part  of  the 
marsh  which  has  been  hitherto  spoken  of  as  lying  along  the  western  border 
of  the  falls.  It  was  at  first  intended  to  dredge,  out  and  make  a  long  dock  of 
the  lower  portion  of  this  marsh;  but  this  plan  was  in  part  abandoned  when 
the  erection  of  the  market-house  was  determined  on.  From  the  nature  of  its 
site,  the  Centre  Market  is  still  popularly  called  the  “  Marsh  Market,”  and  the 
dock  that  comes  up  to  its  lower  end,  bears,  and  well  merits,  the  name  of 
“Lons:  Dock.”  In  1785,  the  wharves  of  the  town  were  much  extended  and 
improved.  Among  the  improvements  of  this  year,  may  be  especially  men¬ 
tioned  the  construction  of  Bowly’s  Wharf. 

In  1784,  the  first  Sugar  Refinery  was  established  in  the  town,  and  the  same 
year  some  Glass  Works  were  erected  on  the  Monocacy  River,  in  Frederick 
County,  by  some  German  manufacturers.  These  works  were  removed  to 
Baltimore  in  1788,  and  located  upon  the  south  side  of  the  basin,  where  they 


still  continue. 

The  revolution  in  France,  and  the  subsequent  wars  upon  the  continent  of 
Europe,  gave  the  occasion  for  that  period  of  commercial  enterprise  and  activity 
to  which  allusion  has  already  been  made.  The  opportunity  was  grasped  by 
the  merchants  of  Baltimore  with  promptness  and  energy;  and  from  1  GK)  until 
the  outbreak  of  the  war  with  Great  Britain  in  18  L2,  this  city  was  d  istinguished 
for  its  rapid  growth  in  population  and  commercial  importance. 

The  interruption  to  agriculture  occasioned  by  the  wars,  caused  an  increased 
demand  in  Europe  for  American  wheat  and  flour.  I  lie  colonies  too  ol 
European  nations,  which,  under  the  prevailing  colonial  system,  veu*.  pei- 
mitted  in  time  of  peace  to  have  intercourse  with  the  parent  count)  ies  only, 
being  cut  off  by  hostile  cruisers  from  their  accustomed  avenues  of  trade,  were 
compelled  to  seek  in  America  a  market  tor  the  sale  of  theii  pioduc e  and  tlu 
purchase  of  their  necessary  supplies.  An  active  foreign  trade,  both  with 


24 


The  Monumental  City, 


Europe  and  the  West  Indies,  was  thus  created;  and  the  sailing  qualities  of 
the  craft  of  the  Chesapeake,  which  had  already  acquired  a  high  reputation, 
before  the  invention  of  steam,  for  fast  sailing,  secured  for  Baltimore  the 
greater  portion  of  that  trade.  The  sailing  qualities  of  these  vessels,  which 
have  made  the  name  of  “  Baltimore  Clippers”  familiar  throughout  the  world, 
were  at  that  time  unequalled  by  any  vessels  built  in  this  country,  and  unap¬ 
proached  by  any  built  in  Europe.  Indeed,  it  was  long  before  the  art  of 
constructing  them  was  practised  any  where  outside  of  the  Chesapeake  Bay. 
They  were  schooner-rigged,  and  the  great  secret  of  their  excellence  lay  in  the 
fact  that  they  were  built  so  as  to  sail  within  four  or  four  and  a  half  points  of 
the  wind.  The  advantage  that  this  peculiarity  gave  them,  enabled  them  in 
most  cases  successfully  to  elude  the  pursuit  of  any  vessels  belonging  to  the 
blockading  squadrons  of  the  belligerent  powers  that  might  offer  to  give  them 
chase;  for  if  they  could  but  get  to  windward  of  their  pursuers,  it  was  useless 
for  vessels  of  any  other  construction  to  attempt  to  follow  them. 

Such  was  the  success  of  the  “Baltimore  Clippers,”  that  this  city  enjoyed 
during  the  period  of  which  we  are  speaking,  the  chief  part  of  the  European 
and  West  Indian  trades  of  this  country,  besides  doing  a  large  carrying  trade 
between  the  nations  of  Europe  and  the  West  Indies.  For  the  latter,  this  was 
one  of  the  principal  markets  in  the  world,  whether  for  selling  or  purchasing; 
and  those  West  India  goods  that  found  their  way  to  Europe,  were  for  the 
most  part  shipped  first  to  Baltimore,  and  reshipped  from  here  to  their  place 
of  final  destination.  The  quantity  of  these  goods  brought  to  this  port  was  so 
great,  that  sales  of  them  were  chiefly  made  at  auction,  in  entire  cargoes. 
These  auction  sales  were  at  that  time  a  special  feature  of  the  Baltimore  market. 

Upon  the  restoration  of  peace  in  1801,  the  nations  of  Europe  immediately 
enforced  their  colonial  systems,  (by  which  the  trade  of  the  colonies  was 
restricted  to  their  parent  countries,)  and  thus  that  portion  of  the  foreign  and 
carrying  trade  of  Baltimore,  that  had  arisen  in  consequence  of  the  suspension 
of  those  systems,  was  for  a  time  interrupted.  But  the  interruption  was  of 
short  duration.  Upon  the  resumption  of  hostilities,  in  1803,  occasion  was 
again  given  for  the  exercise  of  that  adventurous  spirit  of  enterprise  that  had 
before  been  so  successful;  and  notwithstanding  the  Orders  in  Council  and 
Decrees  wherewith  the  belligerent  powers  of  Europe  sought  to  close  eacli 
other's  ports  against  the  commerce  of  the  world,  the  adventurous  merchants 
and  daring  seamen  of  Baltimore  succeeded  in  maintaining  their  commerce 
until  the  close  of  the  year  1807,  when,  as  a  retaliatory  measure  to  the  restric¬ 
tions  imposed  upon  trade  by  the  nations  of  Europe,  a  general  embargo  was 
proclaimed  by  the  government  of  the  United  States. 

Although  the  hazardous  trade  of  this  period  was  for  the  most  part  success¬ 
fully  and  profitably  prosecuted,  heavy  losses  were  occasionally  incurred  by 
the  capture  of  some  of  the  blockade-runners,  while  attempting  to  elude  the 
vigilance  of  the  squadrons  which  were  everywhere  on  the  lookout  for  them. 
ITior  to  the  year  1795,  when  the  first  Marine  Insurance  Companies  were 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


25 


established  here,  the  merchants  either  took  the  risk  of  these  losses  themselves, 
or  else  effected  an  insurance  with  private  capitalists,  who,  for  a  consideration, 
would  guarantee  them  against  loss.  This  was,  during  the  last  century,  the 
usual  method  of  marine  insurance  practised  both  in  this  country  and  in 
England,  where  the  custom  which  long  prevailed,  of  exposing  the  name  and 
description  of  vessels  upon  which  insurance  was  asked,  at  Lloyd's  Coffee 
House,  for  the  capitalists  who  congregated  there  to  write  under  their  names 
and  the  amounts  they  were  willing  to  venture,  has  caused  the  terms  “  Lloyds” 
and  “ underwriting”  to  be  permanently  identified  with  the  business  of  marine 
insurance. 

Upon  the  removal  of  the  embargo  in  1809,  besides  the  reopening  of  the  old 
channels  of  trade,  the  neutral  shipping  of  America  was  largely  occupied,  from 
that  time  until  the  outbreak  of  the  war  with  Great  Britain  in  1812,  in  sup¬ 
plying  the  English  army  in  Spain,  which  it  was  found  necessary  to  provision 
chiefly  from  this  country. 

The  prosperity  of  Baltimore  at  this  time  was  not  maintained  solely  by 
a  foreign  and  carrying  trade.  The  imports,  which  were  far  beyond  the 
requirements  for  home  consumption,  could  not  have  been  disposed  of,  if  a 
market  had  not  been  found  for  them  beyond  the  limits  of  the  town,  nor  could 
the  demands  for  export  have  been  met,  if  produce  and  cereals  had  not  been 
drawn  from  the  agricultural  regions  of  the  interior.  Its  central  position,  its 
accessibility  as  an  inland  seaport,  and  the  direction  of  the  water-courses,  made 
Baltimore  the  first,  as  it  is  still,  the  natural  market  for  the  West. 

The  western  trade,  which,  before  the  Revolution,  had  been  conveyed  on  the 
backs  of  pack-horses,  walking  in  single  file  through  the  narrow  paths  which 
led  across  the  mountains,  now  required  for  its  transportation  the  huge  canvass- 
covered  “Conestoga”  wagons,  which,  with  their  teams  of  six  or  eight  horses, 
and  jingling  bells,  used  to  traverse  the  old  Braddock’s  road  and  the  turnpikes 
that  had  been  constructed  as  far  as  the  navigable  waters  of  the  West.  The 
relics  of  this  old  method  of  transportation  may  yet  be  discerned  in  the  immense 
yards,  made  for  the  accommodation  of  these  wagons  and  teams,  attached  to  a 
few  of  the  old  inns  in  Baltimore  that  have  yet  escaped  the  march  of  improve¬ 
ment. 

The  actual  growth  of  Baltimore  during  this  period  is  best  indicated  by  the 
increase  in  the  population,  which,  from  the  United  States  census  reports,  we 
are  now  able  to  observe  by  decades.  In  1790,  the  population  numbered  13,503. 
In  1800,  it  had  increased  to  31,514,  and  in  1810,  to  40,555.  A  considerable 
accession  had  been  made,  in  1793,  by  the  arrival  of  French  refugees,  to  the 
number  of  about  3,000,  from  Cape  Franqois.  Besides  the  increase  in  the 
population,  which  this  arrival  made,  it  was  of  benefit  to  Baltimore  as  the 
means  of  stimulating  that  West  Indian  trade,  which  contributed  so  greatly 
to  the  prosperity  of  the  city  during  this  period.  The  tonnage  of  the  town, 
which,  soon  after  the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution,  was  reported  as 
36,305  tons  registered  vessels,  and  7,976  licensed  and  enrolled,  had  increased 


The  Monumental  City, 


26 

in  1795,  to  48,007  of  the  former,  and  24,470  of  the  latter.  The  same  year 
there  were  counted  in  passing  to  Baltimore  109  ships,  162  brigs,  350  sloops 
and  schooners,  and  5,464  bay  craft  and  small  coasters.  On  the  31st  December, 
1796,  sixty-seven  years  after  its  foundation,  “Baltimore-Town”  was  at  last 
promoted  to  the  dignity  ot  a  city,  incorporated  by  the  State  Legislatuie  under 
the  name  of  the  “Mayor  and  City  Council  of  Baltimore.” 

Among  the  public  buildings  and  internal  improvements  which  deserve  men¬ 
tion,  Fort  McHenry,  on  the  extreme  end  of  Whetstone  Point,  was  built  in  1794. 
In  1795,  a  number  of  flouring  mills  were  established  in  and  about  the  city. 
The  Baltimore  Library  Company  was  established  the  same  year.  In  1805,  the 
present  court-house  was  begun,  and  occupied  in  1809.  The  corner-stone  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  Cathedral  was  laid  in  1806,  but  this  building  was  not 
completed  sufficiently  for  consecration  until  1821.  In  1808  the  water  com¬ 
pany,  for  supplying  the  city  with  water  was  incorporated,  and  the  same  year, 
the  manufacturing  interests  of  the  city  were  increased  by  the  erection  of 
several  new  factories  upon  G  wynn's  and  Jones'  Falls. 

The  arrogant  claims  made  by  England  to  a  “right  of  search,”  that  is,  a 
right  of  overhauling  on  the  high-seas  and  searching  the  vessels  ot  foreign 
nations,  with  the  purpose  of  taking  therefrom  any  seamen  that  might  be 
claimed  as  British  subjects,  added  to  the  restrictions  with  which  she  constantly 
sought  to  embarrass  the  trade  of  this  country,  led  to  a  declaration  of  war  by 
the  United  States  government  on  18th  January,  1812.  While  some  portions 
of  the  country  were  violently  opposed  to  that  measure,  Maryland,  though  from 
her  position  and  the  nature  of  her  trade,  necessarily  one  of -the  chief  sufferers 
by  the  war,  was  forward  and  determined  in  supporting  the  policy  ot  the 
general  government. 

From  the  commencement  of  the  war,  the  Chesapeake  Bay  was  vigorously 
blockaded  by  the  British  fleet.  Its  position,  affording  an  approach  to  the 
interior  and  the  National  Capital,  and  the  reputation  its  craft  had  acquired  in 
the  commerce  abroad,  made  it  an  important  place  to  occupy  and  close.  Occa¬ 
sionally  a  Baltimore  vessel  was  able  to  elude  the  blockading  squadron  and  get 
to  sea,  but  a  return  to  port  was  quite  impossible.  In  this  extremity  the 
merchants  of  Baltimore  resorted  to  the  expedient  of  ordering  their  vessels 
to  return  to  other  ports  less  vigorously  blockaded,  and  there  deliver  and 
receive  their  cargoes.  By  availing  in  this  way  of  other  ports,  and  convey¬ 
ing  their  merchandise  inland  by  means  of  wagons,  the  merchants  of  Balti¬ 
more  were  able  to  retain  possession,  in  large  measure,  of  their  foreign  com¬ 
merce. 

During  the  war  a  number  of  privateers  were  fitted  out  at  Baltimore,  some 
of  which  performed  very  gallant  and  distinguished  service.  In  1814,  the  war 
was  brought  directly  home  to  our  people.  Hitherto,  descents  had  been  made 
by  the  enemy's  fleet  only  at  comparatively  undefended  points  along  the  bay 
shore;  but  in  August  of  this  year,  a  force  of  5,000  men,  under  General  Ross, 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


27 


was  landed  on  the  Patuxent  River,  and  began  their  march  towards  Wash¬ 
ington.  Having  overcome,  on  24th  August,  a  force  which  had  been  gathered 
at  Bladensburg  to  resist  them,  they  proceeded  to  Washington  and  burned  the 
National  Capitol,  the  President’s  Mansion,  Government  offices,  public  records, 
the  Library,  and  much  private  property. 

After  this  success,  General  Iioss  next  turned  his  attention  towards  Bal¬ 
timore,  On  the  12th  September  a  force  of  5,000  men  was  landed  upon 
North  Point,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Patapsco  River.  They  were  met  by 
an  inferior  force  of  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania  militia,  and  a  sharp  engage¬ 
ment  ensued,  at  the  close  of  which  the  militia  fell  back  to  a  position  nearer 
the  city,  but  not  until  they  had  inflicted  such  a  loss  upon  the  enemy  as 
deterred  them  from  following.  The  commander  of  the  invading  force, 
General  Ross,  was  killed  early  in  the  engagement.  On  the  evening  of  the 
next  day  an  unsuccessful  attack  was  made  by  the  fleet  upon  Fort  McHenry, 
and  during  the  night  a  force,  which,  under  cover  of  the  fleet,  had  passed  by 
the  fort  in  barges,  was  met  with  such  a  destructive  fire  from  the  batteries 
which  had  been  erected  on  the  point,  above  the  fort,  that  one  of  the  barges 
was  sunk,  and  the  others  retreated  precipitately  to  the  fleet.  Thus  gallantly 
resisted  by  land  and  water,  the  invading  force  abandoned  the  attack  upon 
Baltimore,  and  made  no  similar  attempt  upon  other  cities.  The  war  was 
brought  to  a  close  about  the  end  of  the  year  by  the  Treaty  of  Ghent,  signed 
14th  of  December,  and  ratified  by  the  United  States  the  17th  of  February 
following. 

After  the  close  of  the  war,  commerce  began  to  resume  its  former  channels. 
But  the  wars  with  which  the  Continent  of  Europe  had  been  so  long  convulsed 
were  about  drawing  to  their  close.  And  upon  the  final  overthrow  of  the 
Empire  in  France,  in  1815,  and  the  return  of  peace,  the  nations  of  Europe 
resumed  their  own  carrying  trade,  and  the  American  merchants  were  thus 
deprived  of  a  trade  of  which  they  had  had  almost  a  monopoly.  In  the  years 
1817,  1818  and  1819,  short  wheat  crops  in  England  caused  a  demand  in  that 
country  for  Maryland  wheat;  and  in  consequence  of  the  removal  of  the  Portu¬ 
guese  Court  to  Brazil,  and  the  revolutions  which  resulted  in  the  overthrow  of 
Spanish  rule  in  South  America,  new  avenues  of  trade  were  opened  to  the 
enterprise  of  our  merchants  in  that  quarter. 

But  a  greater  evil  than  the  curtailment  of  foreign  trade  had  to  be  contended 
with  at  this  time.  The  Bank  of  the  United  States  had  expired  by  limitation 
in  1811.  Immediately  there  sprang  up  a  host  of  local  banks  subject  to  no 
restrictions  whatever  in  their  operations.  Upon  the  closing  of  the  ports  upon 
the  Chesapeake  Bay  during  the  war  with  England,  and  the  consequent 
diversion  of  the  trade  of  the  Middle  States  to  places  which  were  less  molested, 
it  soon  appeared  that  the  specie  of  the  Middle  States  would  be  attracted  to 
places  of  greater  activity.  To  prevent  this  drain,  the  banks  resorted  to  the 
suspension  of  specie  payment  and  the  issue  of  a  paper  currency.  And  when 


28 


The  Monumental  City, 


the  demand  for  money  occasioned  by  the  exigencies  of  the  war  arose,  it  was 
met  by  large  issues  of  this  money.  This  method  of  manufacturing  capital 
was  found  so  easy  and  attractive,  that  it  was  indulged  in  recklessly  and  without 
limit.  A  dangerous  spirit  of  speculation  was  engendered.  Every  one  rushed 
into  the  arena,  borrowing  the  easily  obtained  money  upon  almost  any  species 
of  property,  with  little  thought  bestowed  upon  the  day  of  reckoning  by  either 
borrowers  or  lenders.  The  result  of  this  system  soon  appeared  in  a  rapid 
depreciation  of  the  money,  (which  had  at  best  a  fictitious  value,)  and  wide¬ 
spread  financial  distress  and  embarrassment;  for  these  evils,  though  falling 
most  heavily  upon  the  Middle  States,  were  felt  throughout  the  country.  It 
was  finally  determined  that  the  means  for  curing  all  these  evils,  and  estab¬ 
lishing  a  uniform  currency  throughout  the  country,  would  be  secured  by  the 
re-establishment  of  a  national  bank.  Accordingly,  in  1816,  the  new  Bank  of 
the  United  States  was  inaugurated.  The  enterprise  was  eagerly  entered  into, 
and  of  the  capital  of  $28,000,000,  $4,014,100  were  subscribed  in  Baltimore. 

The  principles  upon  which  this  bank  was  established  made  it  necessary 
that  the  local  banks  should  prepare  for  specie  payment.  This  at  once  placed 
a  check  upon  the  accommodations  which  they  had  been  extending  to  their 
customers,  and  upon  which  the  latter  had  become  dependent.  Everywhere 
the  creditor  pressed  the  debtor,  and  the  financial  difficulties  increased.  Added 
to  this,  it  soon  became  evident  that  it  was  quite  impossible  for  the  Bank  of 
the  United  States  to  redeem  the  promises  that  had  been  made  for  it,  and  a 
fall  in  the  price  of  its  stock  occurred  to  such  an  extent  as  to  plunge  in  abso¬ 
lute  ruin  many  of  the  subscribers. 

Although  thus  beset  with  difficulties,  their  characteristic  spirit  of  enterprise 
did  not  forsake  the  people  of  Baltimore.  Since  the  critical  period  of  which 
we  have  been  speaking,  and  which  reached  its  climax  in  1819,  the  history  of 
Baltimore  for  forty  years,  is  a  history  of  steady  growth,  interrupted  only  by 
the  financial  crises  of  1837  and  1857,  which  shook  to  their  base  the  commercial 
interests  of  the  entire  country.  The  foreign  commerce  during  this  period 
was  not  what  it  had  been  during  the  continuance  of  the  peculiar  circumstances 
•amid  which  it  took  its  rise;  and  though  the  spirit  of  adventure  and  excite¬ 
ment  which  had  been  fostered  by  the  former  conditions  of  trade,  had  to 
accommodate  itself  to  a  slower  motion,  the  latter  is  probably  the  more  health¬ 
ful  condition,  and  more  truly  indicative  of  steady  and  permanent  growth. 

Among  the  public  buildings,  etc.,  erected  between  the  time  of  the  war  with 
Great  Britain  and  the  year  1820,  may  be  mentioned  the  School  of  Medicine 
on  Lombard  Street,  (part  of  the  University  of  Maryland,)  completed  and 
occupied  in  1812;  the  Washington  Monument,  and  the  one  known  as  the 
Battle  Monument,  both  begun  in  1815 ;  the  Merchants’  Exchange,  undertaken 
in  1815  and  completed  and  occupied  in  1820.  This  building  is  now  occupied 
by  the  United  States  Government  as  a  Custom-House  and  Post-Office.  In 
1816  Gas  Works  were  established  here,  which  were  the  first  in  the  country 


I 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


29 


to  afford  a  general  supply  for  the  use  of  citizens,  and  for  lighting  the  streets. 
The  corporate  limits  of  the  city  were  extended  the  same  year  to  the  present 
size,  embracing  an  area  of  about  10,000  acres. 

The  comparative  sizes  of  the  original  town  and  the  present  city,  are  accu¬ 
rately  shown  in  the  accompanying  cut.  The  original  water-line  on  the  side 
of  the  basin  is  carefully  marked,  and  the  original  course  of  Jones’  Falls,  which 
once  reached,  in  a  deep  horse-shoe  bend,  as  far  as  to  the  corner  of  Calvert 
and  Lexington  Streets.  On  the  eastern  side  of  the  Falls,  the  location  of  “Old 
Town”*  is  indicated,  and  north  and  south  of  the  harbor,  appear  Fell’s  and 
Whetstone  Points,  with  Fort  McHenry  upon  the  extreme  end  of  the  latter. 


■LIMITS  OF  UALTUVIOKK  TOWN, AS 
LAID  OUT  JANT7AKY  Iff,  I  7TSO,  ,»>  / 
COMVKISING  60ACK1SS  Oli'GHOUNl)/ 


y 

K 

4 

T 

* 

In  1813,  the  first  steamboat  was  introduced  here,  to  run  between  Baltimore- 
arid  Frenchtown,  as  a  part  of  the  line  between  this  city  and  Philadelphia. 
The  application  of  the  newly  discovered  power  of  steam,  which  was  then 
deemed  little  better  than  experimental,  soon  began  to  exercise  a  powerful 
influence  upon  the  business  relations  of  Baltimore. 

The  introduction  of  steamboats  upon  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Rivers 
opened  to  the  people  of  the  West  a  new  and  cheaper  mode  of  communication 


*  See  page  13. 


30 


The  Monumental  City, 


with  the  seaboard  than  was  afforded  by  the  wagons  and  turnpikes  upon 
which  they  had  hitherto  depended.  The  establishment  of  steam  communi¬ 
cation  with  New  York,  also  attracted  in  that  direction  the  trade  which  had 
hitherto  come  to  Baltimore.  The  people  of  Baltimore  were  not,  however,  of 
a  temper  to  permit  the  resources,  which  their  natural  advantages  gave  them, 
to  slip  from  them  by  reason  of  the  superior  artificial  advantages  of  other 
cities.  In  December,  1823,  a  public  meeting  was  held  in  the  Merchants’ 
Exchange,  to  take  the  sense  of  the  people  on  the  subject  of  canals,  or  rather, 
(as  their  utility  was  recognized,)  to  ascertain  whether  it  would  be  most 
acceptable  to  the  citizens  to  undertake,  first,  a  canal  to  the  Susquehanna,  or 
one  to  the  Ohio.  The  great  majority  preferred  the  former.  An  act  of  the 
Legislature  was  therefore  procured,  authorizing  the  city  to  make  ?  canal  to 
the  head  of  tide-water  on  the  Susquehanna,  and  further,  if  permitted  by  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania.  Another  act  was  passed,  incorporating  the  Potomac 
Canal  Company,  for  the  purpose  of  constructing  a  canal  from  tide-water  on 
the  Potomac,  to  the  Ohio  River.  The  next  year,  this  latter  was  merged  into 
the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal  Company,  which  was  incorporated  by  the 
Legislature  of  Virginia  for  the  same  purpose.  In  1826,  upon  the  publication 
of  estimates,  showing  the  immense  expense  that  would  be  incurred,  and  the 
great  difficulties  that  would  have  to  be  overcome,  in  constructing  a  canal 
across  the  mountains  to  the  Ohio,  it  was  at  once  perceived  that  this  cherished 
plan  would  not  yield  all  the  advantages  that  had  been  anticipated  by  its 
projectors.  This  discovery  only  led  the  citizens  of  Baltimore  to  devise  some 
new  means  by  which  to  secure  their  western  communications.  Their  delib¬ 
erations  resulted  in  the  determination  to  accomplish  their  purpose  by  the 
construction  of  a  railroad.  Accordingly,  in  February,  1827,  an  Act  was 
passed  by  the  Legislature,  chartering  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad 
Company,  which  was  the  first  railroad  chartered  in  the  United  States.  The 
canal  was  not  abandoned  in  con  sequence  of  this  rival  enterprise,  hut  the 
corner-stones  of  each  were  laid  July  4th,  1828,  Charles  Carroll  of  Carrollton 
officiating  for  the  railroad,  and  President  Adams  for  the  canal.  On  the  9th 


ol  August,  1829,  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  passage  of  the  act  creating 
Baltimore- T  own,  the  Susquehanna  Railroad  was  begun.  In  1837  the  Phila¬ 
delphia,  A\  ilmington  and  Baltimore  Railroad  was  opened  for  travel.  In  1853 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  was  completed  to  the  Ohio  River,  and  in 
185  j  its  continuation  to  St.  Louis  was  perfected.  In  1854  the  Susquehanna 
Road  was  consolidated  with  other  roads  extending  through  the  State  of  Penn¬ 
sylvania,  under  the  name  of  the  Northern  Central  Railway.  In  1829  the 
Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal  was  undertaken. 

As  in  1816  Baltimore  had  the  distinction  of  being  the  first  city  in  this 
country  that  was  lit  by  gas,  and  in  1827  of  being  the  first  to  inaugurate  a 
railroad,  so,  in  1844,  it  was  again  distinguished  by  the  erection,  by  Professor 

Moi&e,  between  Baltimore  and  Washington,  of  the  first  electric  telegraph  in 
the  world. 


Its  Past  History  akd  Present  Resources. 


31 


The  growth  of  the  city  during  a  period  of  forty  years,  is  indicated  by  the 
United  States  census  returns  of  the  population : 


In  1820  the  population  was .  62,738 

“  1830  “  «  80,625 

“  1840  “  “  102,313 

“  1850  “  “  169,054 

“  I860  “  “  212,418 


The  trade  oi  Baltimore,  which  first  rose  to  importance  during  the  Revolu¬ 
tionary  struggle,  and  flourished  amid  the  dangers  incident  to  subsequent  wars, 
both  at  home  and  abroad,  was  at  length  destined  to  be  seriously  crippled  by  a 
war  that  came  to  our  very  doors.  In  the  civil  war  of  1861-5,  between  the 
Northern  and  Southern  States,  Maryland  occupied  the  position  of  a  border 
State  between  the  contending  sections.  Although  herself  the  field  of  battle 
on  but  two  occasions,  her  frontier  position,  the  constant  presence  of  large 
bodies  of  troops  within  her  borders,  the  severance  of  all  communication  with 
her  Southern  customers,  and  the  risk  attending  the  communications  with 
the  West,  from  the  liability  of  the  railroads  to  interruption,  and  the  freights 
to  capture  or  seizure,  caused  the  loss  to  Baltimore,  for  the  time,  of  her  South¬ 
ern  trade,  and  on  account  of  the  impoverishment  of  the  Southern  people,  the 
permanent  loss  of  much  that  was  owing  from  that  section;  whilst  the  West¬ 
ern  trade  became  temporarily  and  partially  diverted  to  other  cities. 

Since  that  period  of  enforced  inaction,  a  reviving  spirit  of  life  and  energy 
has  been  manifested.  The  railway  communications  extend,  by  the  Northern 
Central  Road,  north  and  west  to  the  lakes  and  Canada;  by  the  Philadelphia, 
Wilmington  and  Baltimore  Road,  to  all  parts  of  the  Northern  and  Eastern 
States.  The  Baltimore  and  Ohio  spreads  its  constantly  increasing  connec¬ 
tions  over  the  whole  of  the  western  country,  and  as  far  as  San  Francisco; 
while  its  southern  branch  through  Washington  connects  throughout  the 
Southern  States  and  as  far  as  New  Orleans.  Of  local  roads,  there  are  the 
Western  Maryland,  extending  through  the  rich  farm-lands  of  Carroll,  Fred¬ 
erick  and  Washington  Counties  to  Hagerstown,  and  projected  to  Williams¬ 
port,  upon  the  Potomac  River;  and  the  Baltimore  and  Potomac,  opening  up 
a  fertile  country  hitherto  inaccessible  by  rail,  and  affording  a  southern  con¬ 
nection  for  the  Northern  Central  Road,  and  the  Pennsylvania  Central  with  its 
connecting  lines.  Now  in  course  of  construction,  there  are  the  Baltimore  and 
Drum  Point  Railroad,  which  will  extend  from  the  city,  south,  through  the 
entire  length  of  Anne  Arundel  and  Calvert  Counties;  and  the  Union  Railroad, 
which,  making  almost  the  entire  circuit  of  the  city  of  Baltimore,  will  afford 
the  means  for  prompt  connection  between  the  various  railways  that  enter  the 
city.  These  various  roads  secure  to  Baltimore  by  steam  communications,  its 
natural  advantages  as  the  seaboard  depot,  indicated  by  the  geographical  form¬ 
ation  of  the  country,  for  the  West.  Domestic  lines  of  steamers  communicate 


The  Monumental  City, 


qo 

O/O 

with  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Richmond,  Norfolk,  and  all  the 
lesser  places  on  the  Chesapeake  Bay  and  its  tributaries,  Wimington  and  New 
Berne,  N.  C.,  Charleston,  Savannah,  Key  West,  New  Orleans,  Havana  and 
Galveston;  while  two  prospering  lines  of  steamers  to  Europe,  the  North 
German  Lloyd  to  Bremen  via  Southampton,  and  the  Allan  line  to  Liverpool 
via  Halifax,  demonstrate  the  fact  that  the  foreign  commerce  that  was  once 
enjoyed  by  Baltimore  needed  but  the  opportunity  to  return. 

The  imports  at  the  port  of  Baltimore,  which  in  1860,  amounted  to  $9,784,773, 
and  in  1862,  in  consequence  of  the  war,  had  fallen  to  $3,696,620,  rose  in  1870, 
to  $21,017,313;  m  1871,  to  $26,770,181 ;  and  in  1872  to  $29,429,439.  The 
exports  of  domestic  merchandise  for  the  same  years  were,  in  1860,  $8,804,606; 
in  1862,  $8,375,303;  in  1870,  $12,396,518;  in  1871,  $18,236,166,  and  in  1872, 
$17,381,591.  The  industrial  products  of  the  city  and  county  of  Baltimore 
amounted,  according  to  the  census  of  1870,  to  the  sum  of  $59,219,993  annu¬ 
ally,  in  which  was  employed  capital  amounting  to  $26,040,040.  The  popu¬ 
lation  of  the  city  had  increased  from  212,418  in  1860,  to  267,599  in  1870.* 
The  property  in  the  city  and  county  was  estimated  in  the  census  at 
$401,634,738.  The  tonnage  of  the  port  is  150,086. 

Thus  rapidly  and  in  the  merest  outline,  we  have  endeavored  to  trace  the 
growth  of  Baltimore,  from  the  straggling  village  of  1730,  to  the  prosperous 
city  of  1872.  Whatever  its  growth  has  been  hitherto,  it  is  but  the  earnest  of 
its  capabilities  for  development.  Its  geographical  position  as  regards  the 
interior  has  been  spoken  of;  as  regards  Europe,  its  position  at  the  head  of  a 
bay,  which  was  formerly  considered  a  disadvantage  to  it  as  a  seaport,  enables 
the  shipping  to  come  that  much  nearer  the  interior ,  and  by  conveying  freight 
further  by  water,  and  in  bulk,  causes  a  corresponding  reduction  in  the  cost 
of  transportation;  while  the  proximity  of  Baltimore  to  the  coal  regions,  and 
the  direct  communication  with  them,  which  enables  the  steamers  to  take  in 
their  coal  at  $2.50  per  ton  less  than  it  costs  in  New  York,  gives  a  direct 
saving  of  $2,000  upon  the  800  tons  consumed  by  steamers  in  each  voyage 
across  the  Atlantic.  The  neighboring  mines  of  anthracite  and  bituminous 
coal;  the  marble  quarries  of  Baltimore  County;  the  iron  beds  with  which 
the  State  abounds;  the  lavish  wealth  of  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  with  its  world- 
renowned  game  and  oysters  and  fish,  afford  in  themselves  a  ready-made  and 
apparently  inexhaustible  store  of  riches. 

*  An  enumeration  made  the  same  year  by  the  City  Police,  put  the  population  at  283,375. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources 

to-day. 


33 


I ALTIMORE  as  a  home,  is  one  of  the  most  delightful  cities  in  the  world.  It  possesses 

J  TYh  lg6S,than  any  other  city  on  the  Atlantic  seaboard  for  those  desirous 

V  ^  establishing  themselves  in  a  great  metropolis,  for  purposes  of  trade,  commerce,  or 

business  of  any  description.  Situated  about  the  centre  of  the  Atlantic  coast  at  the 
head  ot  the  great  Mediterranean  Sea  of  America,  it  is  equally  removed  from  the  intense 
cold  of  northern  latitudes,  and  the  blinding  heat  of  our  more  tropical  sistem  of  the 
.outh.  An  equable  climate,  soft,  balmy,  salubrious,  and  almost  entirely  free  from  the 


NEW  CITY  HALL. 


dense  fogs  which  are  the  horror  of  the  generality  of  cities  adjacent  to  the  seaboard,  gives  to 
it  that  healthy  mean,  which  is  seldom  present  along  any  of  the  water  courses  of  this 
country  or  Europe.  Its  mild  winters  usually  furnish  ice  enough  for  home  consumption, 
gathered  during  the  cold  snaps  that  occasionally  occur;  while  the  pleasant  bracing  weather, 
which  prevails  during  many  weeks  of  that  season,  gives  abundant  opportunities  for  out¬ 
door  labor,  the  use  of  hydraulic  power  and  navigable  water,  and  demands  far  less  fuel  than 

is  required  in  cities  further  north.  Located  upon  a  small  but  beautiful  river  Baltimore 

3 


34  The  Monumental  City, 

extends  back  over  a  succession  of  gently  sloping  bills,  whose  substratum  is  a  sandy  marl, 
and  through  which  no  mephitic  vapors  arise,  no  dampness  injurious  to  health  or  life.  In 
the  original  construction  of  the  city,  these  hills  probably  presented  serious  obstacles  to  our 
worthy  forefathers.  Some  were  steep  and  unsightly,  and  required  much  grading,  but  the 
gradual  expansion  of  the  town  enabled  its  builders  to  trim  the  rough  edges,  and  cut  dow  n 
only  so  much  as  would  relieve  their  precipitous  character,  without  impairing  their  beauty 
and  picturesqueness.  These  hills  rise  one  above  another  step  by  step,  until,  on  the  outer 
boundaries  of  the  city  as  now  constituted,  at  almost  any  point,  magnificent  views  of  Balti¬ 
more,  its  harbor  and  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  can  be  obtained.  It  may  be  also  added  that 


THE  CATHEDRAL. 

because  of  its  peculiar  topography  a  person  walking  in  any  direction  for  three  or  four 
hundred  yards,  can  obtain  panoramic  views  of  different  sections  of  the  city,  sqch  as  can 
be  had  in  few  other  places  in  the  world.  The  Patapsco  River  with  its  inlets  indents  the 
land  upon  which  Baltimore  is  built  to  a  very  considerable  extent,  forming  natural  exten¬ 
sions  for  wharf-fronts,  and  at  the  same  time  adding  greatly  to  the  beauty  of  the  harbor,  and 
the  general  landscape.  Perhaps  at  some  early  period  in  the  history  of  our  city  the  marshes 
which  formed  at  the  head  of  these  inlets,  by  their  malaria  may  have  produced  those  bilious 
diseases  so  frequent  along  the  water  courses  of  the  Chesapeake,  and  a  citizen  of  to-day  feels 
doubtless  a  sensation  of  compassion,  not  unmixed  however  with  self-congratulation,  when 
he  thinks  of  his  ancestor,  racked  and  tortured  with  the  shaking-ague  as  he  hurried  from  his 
morning  meal  to  attend  to  the  wants  of  his  palsied  customers.  The  marshes  have  long 
since  been  drained,  the  shores  about  the  inlets  converted  into  substantial  wharves  for  the 
accomodation  of  our  rapidly  increasing  commerce,  and  the  miasma  no  longer  rises  from 
the  lowlands,  to  disconcert  the  calculations  of  our  citizens.  Whether  he  dwells  upon  the 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  35 

tillfd  flekkof  Ik/*11  Vle^-the  bl'°ad  6Xpanse  of  water,  the  spreading  woods  and  well 

inhabitant^f^'Rnlt'  ^  T  “y’  °r  UveS  in  a  lowly  hut  on  the  river’s  bank,  the 
inhabitant  of  Baltimore  is  to-day  111  either  case  exempt  from  any  of  the  diseases  Donuhrlv 

supposed  to  be  generated  in  that  element.  In  fact,  Baltimore  /one  of  tt LT 5S 

citm  in  the  world.  Its  location  would  make  it  so  necessarily.  “Cleanliness  is  next  to 

godliness  and  certainly  very  conducive  to  health.  The  City,  from  every  point,  converges 

y  gentle  slopes  to  the  river.  It  matters  not  what  may  be  the  condition  of  the  street?  a 

heavy  rain  will  thoroughly  cleanse  them  of  all  impurities,  and  in  case  of  a  droughtt’is 

J  )iecessa^  t0  tlam  the  water  by  means  of  the  plugs,  to  secure  this  result.  Baltimore 
built  giadually;  obstacles  of  no  common  magnitude  were  to  be  surmounted,  and 
ough  these  were  regarded  as  disadvantages  at  the  moment,  they  have  since  proved  its 
most  attractive  and  healthful  features.  Their  presence  has  given  to  us  broad  and  well 
ventilated  streets,  and  a  pleasing  variety  of  surface,  the  absence  of  which  is  so  oppressively 
lelt  m  other  cities.  In  some  instances  irregularities  have  resulted  from  the  many  hills 
encountered,  but  these  without  imparing  their  usefulness,  have  added  greatly  to  the  beauty 
ot  the  city.  But  there  are  other  reasons  why  Baltimore  is  delightful  as  a  home. 

There  is  a  subtle  something,  hard  to  describe,  bon-homie ,  good  fellowship,  good  breeding 
refinement,  perhaps  a  combination  of  many  excellent  qualities,  which  seems  to  pervade 
the  very  atmosphere  of  the  City  ,  and  to  penetrate  all  the  avenues  of  life.  From  time 
immemorial  the  reputation  of  our  State  and  City  for  hospitality  has  been  national.  Recent 
events— the  opening  of  lines  of  railway,  and  the  concentering  of  business  and  commercial 
interests  in  Baltimore,  through  their  representatives— have  given  a  practical  turn  to  this 
feature  of  the  people,  and  have  spread  its  fame  throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the 
United  States.  Indeed,  the  numerous  great  assemblages  that  have  taken  place  in  our 
midst  during  the  past  few  years  have  borne  such  ample  testimony  to  this  quality,  that  any 
further  reference  might  savor  of  egotism.  Society  in  Baltimore  is  delightful,  and  this 
remark  is  intended  to  apply  to  all  grades  and  classes.  The  lines  of  demarcation  between 
the  different  strata  are  finely  drawn.  The  most  severe  and  exclusive  circles,  refined, 
intelligent  and  educated,  exist  side  by  side  with  less  ostentatious,  but  not  less  cultivated 
coteries;  and  in  the  humblest  ranks  of  the  community  there  is  an  independence  of  thought 
and  action  which  beget  manhood  in  the  higher  sense  of  the  term.  That  our  citizens 
fully  appreciate  this  is  attested  by  the  fact,  that  Baltimoreans,  in  whatsoever  section  of  the 
globe  they  may  be,  like  the  Swiss  for  their  native  Alps,  long  for  the  City  that  gave  them 
birth,  and  never  lose  their  pride  in  its  beauty  and  delights. 

A  stranger  from  any  of  the  large  cities  in  this  country  or  Europe,  upon  his  entrance 
into  the  City  of  Monuments,  is  struck  by  the  utter  absence  of  tenement-houses— those  fearful 
scourges,  the  hot-beds  of  crime  and  pestilence  in  so  many  of  the  larger  communities 
throughout  the  civilized  world.  There  are  none  here.  Baltimore  does  not  need  them. 
Her  unlimited  capacity  for  extension  in  any  direction  is  a  practical  barrier  to  the  fabulous 
prices  obtained  for  land  in  other  cities;  and  rents  are  so  reasonable,  and  the  rates  of  living 
so  much  less  expensive  than  elsewhere,  that  the  humblest  mechanic  or  laborer  can  ensconce 
his  family  in  a  modest  dwelling  and  surround  them  with  the  pleasures  and  comforts  of 
home.  Instead  of  the  indiscriminate  herding  of  the  industrious  and  the  slothful,  the  sober 
and  the  drunken,  the  upright  and  the  criminal,  the  healthy  and  diseased,  and  the  pro¬ 
miscuous  mingling  of  the  sexes,  so  destructive  both  to  morality  and  life  itself,  the  strug¬ 
gling  man  with  small  means  can  gather  his  household  about  him,  in  a  commodious 
dwelling,  absolutely  removed  from  impure  contagion,  and  amenable  only  to  those 
influences  which  emanate  from  himself  or  his  associations.  He  and  his  family  acquire  an 
individuality  and  manliness  which  are  apt  to  display  themselves  for  the  right,  in  their 
careers  through  life.  Home-influence,  the  strongest,  the  purest,  and  most  precious  that 
can  surround  man,  either  in  his  relations  to  society,  or  the  family  circle,  is  offered  here  in 
all  its  freshness  and  luxuriance ;  and  other  cities  should  not  be  surprised  when  we  claim 
superiority  in  this  regard. 


36 


The  Monumental  City, 

For  many  years  Baltimore  has  fostered  a  Public  School  system,  of  which  her  citizens 
have  learned  to  speak  with  pride.  Through  all  the  dissensions  of  politics,  and  we  have  not 
been  exempt  from  them,  this  “stable  bulwark”  of  good  government  and  free  institutions 
has  never  been  suffered  to  languish.  We  would  not  consider  it  illustrative  of  our  progress 


BETHANY  INDEPENDENT  METHODIST  CHURCH. 

in  this  respect  to  exhibit  a  model  school-house  at  a  "W  orld’s  Exposition,  and  yet  our  Public 
School  edifices  'will  compare  favorably,  in  point  of  architecture,  internal  adornment,  and 
personal  comfort,  with  those  of  any  city  in  the  world.  Further — by  zealous  and  persistent 
efforts  on  the  part  of  our  legislators,  and  careful  study  of  the  systems  of  the  most 
advanced  states  in  America,  and  the  most  enlightened  nations  of  Europe,  our  School 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  37 

System  has  been  perfected  as  far  as  it  is  possible  to  do  so  with  our  present  experience 
e  useful  features  of  other  plans  have  been  incorporated  with  our  own  and  their 
blemishes  unhesitatingly  rejected.  The  Public  Schools  are  open  to  all-from  the 

onTeb  d  Cn6S  “,eWS  thr°Ugh  the  day’  and  Painful'y  ekes  out  his  nightly  slumbers 
on  cellar  doors  or  market  stands,  to  the  fastidious  scions  of  our  most  aristocratic  families 

all  are  equally  entitled  to  the  benefits  which  our  schools  vouchsafe,  and,  what  is  more  to 
the  point,  they  avail  themselves  of  these  advantages.  Experience  has  led  our  citizens 
without  sectarian  or  class  distinctions,  to  send  their  children  to  the  public  schools  of  the 
city,  and  perhaps  this  commingling  of  the  various  elements  that  form  the  community  has 
done  much  to  produce  that  fellowship  which  binds  the  different  classes  to  each  other 
When  a  boy  lias  passed  successfully  through  the  various  established  grades— the  Primary 
Department,  the  Grammar  School,  and  the  City  College-lie  has  received  as  thorough  and 
comprehensive  an  education  as  can  be  obtained  in  many  of  the  Colleges  or  Universities  in 
t  is  country.  This  is  plainly  exemplified  by  the  number  of  prominent  merchants  suc¬ 
cessful  bankers,  skillful  physicians,  learned  lawyers  and  shrewd  politicians  in  our  midst 
who  can  claim  no  other  Alma  Mater.  There  are  other  schools  and  colleges  in  Baltimore  and 
thickly  strewn  through  the  State,  of  high  repute,  and  supplied  with  corps  of  Professors  whose 
names  are  a  guarantee  of  the  advantages  they  claim.  The  education  of  the  female  portion 
of  our  population  has  been  an  especial  care  of  those  who  have  been  intrusted  with  the 
supervision  of  our  schools.  Wise  and  virtuous  mothers  naturally  lead  to  upright,  manlv 
and  useful  sons.  Nowhere  has  this  truth  been  more  fully  appreciated  than  in  Baltimore”- 
and  the  Female  Department  of  our  Public  Schools  bears  ample  testimony  to  its  practical 
adoption.  While  the  aesthetic  and  showy  features  of  the  more  fashionable  finishing  insti¬ 
tutions  for  ladies  have  not  been  overlooked,  the  solid  and  substantial  training  which  leads 
to  perfect  womanhood  is  made  to  assume  its  proper  place  in  the  system.  Thus  the 
women  of  our  city  are  imbued  with  accomplishments  which  fit  them  to  adorn  whatever 
station  they  may  be  called  to  fill ,  and  at  the  same  time  are  taught  those  durable  branches 
of  knowledge  which  place  them  above  the  fickleness  of  fortune  and  the  vicissitudes  of  life. 

We  give  a  summary  of  the  number  of  Schools,  Teachers,  Pay  Scholars,  Free  Scholars* 
and  the  number  on  the  roll  October  31st,  1872,  with  the  average  attendance  and  number 
of  different  pupils  in  the  various  Public  Schools  of  Baltimore  City  during  the  year. 


GRADES. 

No.  of 
Schools. 

i 

No.  of 
Teachers. 

No.  of  Pay 
Pupils. 

No.  of  Free 
Pupils. 

On  Roll  Octo¬ 
ber  31,  1872. 

Average 

Attendance. 

No.  of  Pupils 
in  School 
during  the 
year. 

Baltimore  City  College,  .... 

1 

10 

317 

23 

340 

314 

502 

Eastern  Female  High  School,  .  . 

1 

11 

297 

67 

364 

320 

486 

Western  “  *  “  “  .  . 

1 

12 

‘379 

49 

428 

384 

565 

Male  Grammar, . 

18 

98 

2,378 

1,467 

3,845 

3,194 

5,918 

Female  “  . 

19 

102 

2,535 

1,711 

4,246 

3,437 

6,390 

Male,  (unclassified) . 

1 

5 

169 

63 

232 

184 

351 

Female,  “  . 

1 

6 

187 

110 

297 

232 

404 

Male  Primary, . 

28 

142 

2,081 

4,387 

6,468 

4,840 

9,756 

Female  “  . 

31 

146 

2,312 

4,390 

6,702 

5,042 

10,286 

Evening  Schools,  Male,  .... 

6 

20 

12 

712 

724 

445 

724 

“  Female,  .  .  . 

1 

1 

29 

29 

18 

29 

Day  Schools,  (Colored)  .... 

10 

41 

603 

1,567 

2,170 

1,487 

3,977 

Evening  Schools,  “  .... 

4 

12 

316 

214 

530 

362 

'530 

Music  Teachers, . 

4 

Drawing  “  7 . 

4 

122  1 

614 

11,586 

14,789 

26,375 

20,259! 

39,918 

The  promotions  during  the  year  wTere  to  the  Grammar  Schools  486,  and  to  Primary 
I  Schools  2,401;  making  a  total  of  2,887.  Total  number  in  School  during  the  year  37,031. 


38 


The  Monumental  City, 


Besides  the  Public  Schools,  there  are  “Institutes”  for  the  education  of  females,  supervised 
and  conducted  by  ladies  whose  very  names  are  synonymes  for  all  that  is  lovely  and 
refined  in  private  life,  where  girls  are  taught  by  precept  and  example  the  beauties  and 
delights  of  the  home-circle,  and  are  fitted  for  that  condition  which  has  been  so  aptly 
styled  “unspotted  faith  and  comely  womanhood.” 

The  “Normal  School,”  for  the  education  of  teachers,  is  a  branch  of  our  Public  School 
system,  and  has  been  found  very  advantageous  in  the  production  of  proficient  instructors. 
We  would  like  to  dwell  more  circumstantially  upon  the  really  admirable  features  of  this 
system,  but  our  space  is  limited. 


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PEABODY  INSTITUTE. 

As  a  natural  auxiliary  to  the  above,  we  come  to  those  institutions  which  have  been 
founded  through  the  munificence  of  some,  and  the  public  spirit  of  others  of  our  citizens. 
Among  these  Lhe  Peabod  }'  Institute”  stands  pre-eminent,  both  because  of  the  bountiful 
nature  of  the  benefaction,  and  the  truly  sublime  character  of  the  Donor.  The  aim  of  Mr* 
Peabod  \  in  the  ( oust  ruction  of  the  Peabody  Institute  has  been  but  partially  understood 
by  many  of  our  citizens.  He  was  as  wise  as  he  was  munificent.  He  had  arisen  from  the 
humblest  walks  of  life  to  affluence,  and  almost  princely  power.  The  sordidness  usually 


39 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


begotten  of  wealth,  and  the  arrogance  which  attends  the  acquisition  of  power,  found  no 
lodging  place  in  his  great  soul.  His  love  for  mankind,  which  was  circumscribed  neither  by 
race  nor  nationality, and  his  sound  judgment, springing  from  a  series  of  successful  commercial 
transactions,  in  which  neither  avarice  nor  dishonesty  played  a  part,  taught  him  that  there 
were  strata  in  the  human  race  which  must  be  separately  treated— that  “what  was  one 
man  s  meat  was  another’s  poison” — that  efforts  to  contribute  to  the  advancement  of  all 
classes  of  people  by  the  same  means,  were  likely  to  result  in  the  rending  of  the  ties  which 
bind  classes  to  each  other,  and  would  ultimately  convert  what  was  intended  as  a  blessing 
into  an  occasion  ot  dissension  and  strife.  Such  certainly  were  the  sentiments  which  actuated 
him  in  bestowing  upon  Baltimore  the  munificent  Institute  which  now  crowns  the  summit 
of  her  most  beautiful  thoroughfare.  He  never  intended  it  to  be  popular.  The  directions 
given  by  Mr.  Peabody  for  the  selection  of  a  Library,  for  the  creation  of  the  Academy  of 
Music,  for  the  interior  governance  of  the  Institute,  all  point  conclusively  to  the  fact  that 
he  had  in  his  mind  s  eye  the  elevation  of  the  great  middle  class  of  people,  the  safeguard 
of  every  enlightened  government  on  earth.  Aristocracy  was  as  far  removed  from  his 
thoughts  as  was  its  antipode.  The  former  is  supposed,  through  its  wealth  and  influence, 
to  be  able  to  take  care  of  itself,  and  if  at  all  desirous  of  soaring  to  the  empyrean  in  art 
science,  or  literature,  a  visit  to  foreign  lands  will  quickly  assure  the  gratification  of  such 
a  taste;  the  latter  class,  except  in  extreme  case*,  develops  no  such  inclination.  Abject 
povei t\ ,  undisciplined  tastes  and  passions,  and  utterly  uncultivated  minds,  do  not  prepare 
people  to  wrestle  with  the  higher  branches  of  education,  any  more  than  does  preaching  fit 
a  man  for  soldiering,  or  ploughing  qualify  him  for  the  judicial  ermine. 

The  poorest  classes  of  the  people  are  provided  with  ample  instruction  for  whatever  course 


in  life  they  propose  to  follow,  and  generally,  they  seek  just  so  much  as  will  enable  them  to 
pursue  it.  Occasionally  some  youth  more  ambitious  than  the  rest,  or  more  richly  endowed 
with  qualities  which  win,  breaks  through  all  obstacles,  and  outstrips  his  fellows  in  the  race 
of  life.  There  is  nothing  in  this  country  to  stay  his  progress.  It  is  as  republican  in  tone, 
as  democratic  in  form.  Class  distinctions  are  of  the  slightest  character — a  helping  hand  is 
immediately  extended  to  such  an  one,  and  he  at  once  passed  from  the  lowest  stratum,  to  a 
higher  place  in  society.  Then  can  he  avail  himself  of  the  advantages  which  “The  Peabody” 
holds  out  to  every  citizen  of  Baltimore.  Mr.  Peabody  had  experienced  just  such  a  trans¬ 
mutation.  From  humble  life,  by  regular  gradations  he  had  reached  the  highest  social  and 
financial  position.  His  mind  closely  analytic  with  reference  to  his  fellow-creatures,  and 
wonderfully  clear-sighted,  wrought  out  for  their  benefit,  schemes  in  different  portions  of 
the  world  perfectly  consistent  with  their  wants  in  those  localities. 

In  London,  where  thousands  of  the  poor  perish  annually  from  starvation,  he  devoted  a 
princely  fortune  to  the  amelioration  of  their  condition.  In  America,  where  it  was  required, 
he  bestowed  a  similar  amount;  but  as  has  been  said  above  Mr.  Peabody  was  as  far-seeing 
as  he  was  benevolent,  America  was  the  land  of  his  nativity.  He  loved  her,  as  only  her 
sons  can  love  who  have  spent  many  of  their  days  in  a  foreign  land — when  he  returned  to 
her  shores,  after  a  lengthened  absence,  he  saw  many  things  to  admire;  but  one  element  was 
lacking  which  he  had  learned  during  his  European  experience,  to  consider  essential  to  a 
nation’s  advancement.  That  solid  system  of  education  fostered  by  a  thousand  years  of 
aristocratic  and  kingly  rule  in  England,  and  on  the  continent,  was  nowhere  to  be  discerned. 
With  scarcely  an  exception,  the  institutions  of  learning  in  the  United  States  actually  left 
off  where  the  Universities  of  Great  Britain  and  Europe  commenced.  The  whole  American 
people  were  subject  to  a  system  of  semi-education,  which  might  serve  for  the  present  the 
spirit  of  money-making  inordinately  developed  among  us,  but  which  would  in  the  future, 
totally  unfit  men  for  grappling  with  the  great  problems  that  might  arise  when  teeming 
millions  would  swarm  where  thousands  now  imagined  themselves  crowded.  Imagination 
too,  ideality,  what  was  known  to  the  Greeks  as  “the  beautiful,”  which  makes  up  one-half, 
and  far  the  better  half  of  human  life,  was  in  danger  of  being  forgotten.  No  school  of  Art 


40 


The  Monumental  City, 

that  deserved  the  name  existed.  To  provide  for  such  an  anomalous  state  of  society,  and  to 
direct  the  American  mind  to  the  contemplation  of  all  that  is  grand  and  beautif  ul  in  life,  he  de¬ 
termined  to  found  institutions  in  different  parts  of  America,  through  which,  by  libraries  of  the 
first  excellence,  the  diffusion  of  the  principles  of  science,  the  illustration  of  the  nobler 
efforts  of  art,  and  the  gradual  education  of  the  popular  taste  for  the  sublimer  masters  in 
music,  the  Americans  would  ultimately  come  to  learn  and  appreciate  the  advantages  of 
thorough,  solid  education  as  well  as  their  neighbors  across  the  water.  His  own  declarations, 
his  own  instructions,  and  the  institutions  which  have  arisen  under  his  far-seeing  beneficence, 
tell  us  that  such  must  have  been  his  idea,  and  can  there  be  a  grander? 

Mr.  Peabody  amid  the  multitudinous  cares  of  a  splendid  mercantile  and  financial  career, 
ever  turned  to  Baltimore  his  adopted  home  and  the  scene  of  his  early  business  successes. 
■When  released  from  the  restraints  and  anxieties  of  commercial  life  he  repaired  hither,  and 
selecting  men  of  the  most  exalted  tone  in  our  city,  he  placed  in  their  hands  his  princely 
donation,  with  the  most  ample  instructions  for  its  disposal.  A  massive  marble  structure 
has  arisen  near  the  base  of  the  W ashington  Monument.  A  more  appropriate  place  could 


MARYLAND  INSTITUTE. 


scarcely  have  been  selected.  Both  structures  commemorate  men  who  towered  above  their 
generations,  and  who  alike  conferred  incalculable  benefits  upon  the  American  people. 
Mr.  Peabody  lived  to  see  the  completion  of  a  portion  of  the  Institute,  and  its  practical 
operation.  Already  have  those,  whose  education  and  tastes  were  sufficiently  advanced, 
received  great  and  enduring  benefits  from  the  Peabody  Institute,  and  its  influence  is  being 
rapidly  extended  through  our  city.  All  institutions  must  grow,  but  more  especially  is  this 
the  case  witli  one  whose  noble  aim  peers  so  far  into  the  future.  To  cultivate  and  elevate 
the  tastes  and  understandings  of  the  people  of  Baltimore,  was  not  the  only  object  of  George 
Peabody  his  prophetic  soul  looked  far  beyond  that — he  knew  that  Baltimore  was  destined 
to  become  a  great  city,  about  which  would  radiate  thousands  of  satellites.  It  was  to  extend 
to  all  these  dependencies  of  the  future,  the  benefits  which  Baltimoreans  may  at  present 
derive  from  his  splendid  donations.  That  his  hopes  will  be  realized  there  can  be  no  doubt. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  41 

A^r\°T  t0  the  “Maryland  Institute  for  the  promotion  of  the  Mechanic  Arts” 
Aboat  twenty-five  years  ago  a  number  of  public-spirited  citizens  perceiving  the  want  of 
some  institution  for  the  instruction  and  improvement  of  the  masses  in  our  city  secured  from 
legislature  a  charter.  The  institution  was  immediately  organized  under  the  name 


EUTAW  PLACE  BAPTIST  CHURCH. 

given  above.  Its  subsequent  success  is  a  matter  of  notoriety  to  our  citizens.  It  is  essen- 
ially  a  popular  Institute,  and  supplies  e-xactly  the  need  in  our  city  for  which  the  Peabody 
svas  not  designed.  Its  course  of  popular  and  scientific  lectures,  meets  just  such  longings  as 


42 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 

the  great  masses  of  the  people  are  likely  to  feel,  while  the  lectures  at  the  Peabody  are  intended 
for  those  much  further  advanced  on  the  road  to  knowledge;  in  fact,  for  the  few  who  have 
the  energy  and  will  to  penetrate  the  arcana  of  nature,  and  pluck  from  her  all  that  man  has 
yet  been  able  to  unearth  of  her  secrets.  The  course  of  lectures  at  the  Maryland  Institute 
has  been  for  years,  one  of  the  most  attractive  features  of  our  city.  The  greatest  care  is 
exercised  in  the  selection  of  the  lecturers,  and  no  expense  spared  to  make  the  course  enter¬ 
taining  and  instructive.  The  Institute  contains  a  large  circulating  library  with  quite  a 
number  of  valuable  books,  and  very  excellent  selections  from  the  popular  literature  of  the 
day.  Here  again  we  see  the  contrast  between  the  two  institutions,  and  how  admirably,  in 
their  respective  spheres,  they  minister  to  the  necessities  of  our  city.  The  Library  of  the 
Peabody  is  for  reference.  It  was  so  intended  by  its  founder.  The  most  costly  volumes, 
compiled  by  the  great  Academies  of  Europe  through  royal  bounty,  are  to  be  found  on  its 
shelves.  When  the  student  has  exhausted  the  resourses  of  the  Maryland  Institute  and 
acquired  a  fondness  for  study,  and  a  thirst  for  knowledge  through  the  avenues  it  so  gener¬ 
ously  creates,  he  can  betake  himself  to  the  Peabody,  and  he  will  find  the  one  the 
complement  of  the  other.  The  various  schools  of  the  Maryland  Institute,  conducted  upon 
a  scale  of  liberality  which  places  them  within  the  reach  of  the  poorest  and  most  humble 
student,  are  provided  with  a  corps  of  competent  professors.  Pupils  are  well-grounded  in 
all  the  elements  of  education,  and  fitted  to  strive  for  that  higher  sphere  of  intellectual  culti¬ 
vation  which  Mr.  Peabody  so  eagerly  hoped  our  countrymen  would  reach  in  the  near  future. 
In  addition  to  these  features,  an  annual  Exhibition  is  opened  in  the  Institute  Hall  generally 
in  October.  These  Exhibitions  are  very  attractive,  collecting  as  they  do  specimens  of  the 
handi-work  and  ingenuity  of  the  inhabitants  of  different  sections  of  the  United  States; 
and  there  are  usually  offered  to  the  inspection  of  the  public,  choice  and  varied  specimens  of 
the  Fine  and  Useful  Arts.  Many  thousands  of  our  citizens,  young  and  old,  have  availed 
themselves  of  its  advantages,  and  the  benefits  that  Baltimore  has  derived  from  its  establish¬ 
ment  are  inestimable. 

About  thirty  years  ago  a  number  of  gentlemen  met  together  in  the  old  Postoffice  Building 
to  organize  an  association  for  the  purpose  of  “collecting,  preserving  and  diffusing  informa¬ 
tion  relating  to  the  Civil,  Natural  and  Literary  History  of  the  State  of  Maryland,  and 
American  History  and  Biography  generally.”  A  charter  was  obtained  from  the  State  Legis¬ 
lature  in  1845,  and  the  association  organized  under  the  title  of  the  “Maryland  Historical 
Society.”  The  Athenaeum,  a  substantial  building  at  the  corner  of  St.  Paul  and  Saratoga 
streets,  was  completed  in  1848  at  an  expense  of  $45,000,  and  presented  to  this  Societjr  by 
the  citizens  of  Baltimore.  The  progress  of  the  Association  has  been  slow  but  steady.  The 
nucleus  of  seventeen,  has  enlarged  to  upwards  of  four  hundred  members,  embracing  many 
of  the  most  prominent  and  distinguished  merchants  and  professional  men  of  the  chy. 

The  library  of  the  society  has  increased  to  sixteen  thousand  volumes,  many  of  them  rare 
and  valuable;  while  the  collection  of  Maps,  Coins,  Medals,  Manuscripts,  Charts  &c.  is  very 
large,  and  in  point  of  excellence  not  inferior  to  any  similar  accumulation  in  this  country. 

The  Mercantile  Library  Association  was  organized  in  1839,  by  the  merchants’  clerks  of 
Baltimore.  In  1848,  the  Association  obtained  a  perpetual  lease  of  the  lower  floor  of  the 
Athenaeum  building,  and  since  that  time  the  success  of  the  enterprise  has  not  been  debate- 
able.  The  Library  lias  rapidly  increased  and  has  become  a  feature  in  our  city.  It  is 
circulating  in  its  character,  and  all  classes  of  our  citizens,  ladies  as  well  as  gentlemen  are 
permitted  to  enjoy  its  privileges  upon  payment  of  the  necessary  dues.  Proper  care  is 
exercised  in  the  selection  of  books,  and  only  those  are  placed  upon  the  shelves  which  are 
likely  to  elevate  the  tone,  or  encourage  the  literary  taste  of  the  reader.  A  reading-room  is 
attached  to  the  library,  which  is  always  abundantly  supplied  with  the  latest  journals,  and 
most  popular  periodicals. 

John  McDonogh,  a  native  of  Baltimore,  but  for  many  years  a  resident  of  New  Orleans, 
died  in  1850  in  the  latter  city,  leaving  a  very  large  fortune  to  Baltimore  and  New  Orleans 


YOUNG  MEN’S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION  BUILDING 


44 


The  Monumental  City, 


for  the  education  of  poor  children.  The  will  of  Mr.  McDonogh  was  contested  and  for  a 
number  of  years  a  legal  war  was  waged  which  threatened  to  engulph  the  whole  estate, 
and  which  did  consume  a  large  portion  of  the  money  intended  for  charitable  purposes. 
The  contest  was  at  length  decided  in  favor  of  the  two  cities,  and  in  the  division  of  the 
property  Baltimore  received  about  $800,000.  The  intention  of  the  donor  was  to  establish 
a  School-Farm,  where  children  were  to  be  instructed  in  the  Christian  religion,  a  plain 
English  education,  music,  and  the  art  of  husbandry  or  farming.  The  Trustees,  who 
have  charge  of  the  fund  have  purchased  a  farm  of  eight  hundred  and  thirty -three  acres  of 
land  in  Baltimore  County,  about  ten  miles  from  the  city,  and  purpose  erecting  thereon  an 
institution  with  all  the  necessary  improvements  to  carry  out  the  views  of  Mr.  McDonogh. 
The  school  will  begin  with  one  hundred  pupils,  and  with  a  fund  of  $700,000  the  interest 
from  which  will  be  amply  sufficient  to  cover  all  expenses. 

We  now  propose  to  notice  briefly  the  Societies  and  Associations  in  our  city  that  are 
devoted  to  the  relief  of  suffering  humanity. 

“  God  loves  a  cheerful  giver  ” — so  do  the  poor.  We  know  of  nothing  more  refreshing 
than  the  genial  smile  of  benevolence  playing  over  the  countenance  of  a  silver-haired  grand¬ 
father  who  has  battled  with  the  world  for  three-quarters  of  a  century.  If  after  contem¬ 
plating  all  the  meannesses,  the  frauds,  the  deceptions,  the  disappointments  of  his  own  life, 
he  can  smilingly  put  his  hand  in  his  pocket  and  draw  forth  from  its  recesses  with  real 
pleasure  the  wherewithal  for  the  comfort  of  those  less  fortunate,  that  man  is  simply  sublime, 
and  his  name  is  written  in  letters  more  lasting  than  bronze.  Charity,  which  vaunteth  itself 
and  is  puffed  up,  the  noisy  demonstrative  counterfeit  of  the  genuine  article,  is  as  abundant 
in  Baltimore  as  elsewhere,  but  for  true  beneficence  our  city  has  no  superior. 

We  will  premise  first  that  a  street  beggar  is  a  rarity  in  Baltimore.  Many  things  have 
conduced  to  this  result, — the  utter  absence  of  tenement-houses,  with  their  squalid  wretch¬ 
edness, — the  fact  that  prior  to  the  war  the  bulk  of  the  poorer  classes  consisted  of  negroes, 
and  these  were  cared  for  by  their  masters, — the  ample  provision  made  by  the  city  for  this 
class  of  our  population, — but  above  all,  the  genuine  spirit  of  benevolence  which  pervades 
every  avenue  of  our  city,  and  gushes  out  regardless  of  race,  sect  or  condition  of  life. 
Almost  every  church  in  Baltimore  has  attached  to  it  an  eleemosynary  association  of  some 
description,  and  the  vast  majority  of  well  to  do  and  reputable  citizens  are  connected  with 
one  or  more  of  the  organizations  for  the  relief  of  suffering  humanity.  Among  those  that 
deserve  special  mention  is  the  “Association  for  the  Improvement  of  the  Condition  of  the 
Poor.”  Enrolled  on  its  books  are  the  names  of  the  most  prominent  of  our  citizens.  Its 
system,  as  far  as  we  know,  is  peculiar  to  Baltimore.  No  imposing  structure  arises  osten¬ 
tatiously  to  point  to  the  spot  from  whence  the  good  works  spring,  but  a  back  office  in  a 
building  on  a  by  no  means  conspicuous  street,  is  all  that  the  Society  can  call  their  own. 
The  object  of  the  Association  is  not  to  assist  paupers,  but  to  discourage  vagrancy  and 
street  begging  as  much  as  possible.  As  was  said  above,  the  city  provides  abundant  refuge 
for  those  who  are  unable  to  care  for  themselves,  and  however  much  the  Association  might 
desire  to  give  aid  in  this  way,  their  limited  resources  would  render  it  impossible.  Their 
aim  is  to  help  worthy  persons  to  help  themselves.  Large  communities  swarm  with 
individuals,  and  even  families,  thoroughly  worthy,  whose  daily  lives  are  martyrdoms. 
They  struggle  honestly,  earnestly  and  industriously,  but  either  owing  to  misdirected 
efforts,  or  causes  that  neither  economists  nor  philosophers  have  yet  been  able  to  explain, 
they  go  down  in  the  strife. 

Frequently  the  heads  of  families  are  stricken  down  in  the  midst  of  their  usefulness,  and 
helpless  women  and  children  are  thrown  upon  the  community  without  the  means  of 
obtaining  bread,  or  the  worldly  wisdom  necessary  to  acquire  those  means, — business  men 
by  a  series  of  luckless  operations  are  overwhelmed  and  paralyzed  for  the  time  being  by  the 
very  force  of  their  misfortunes, — young  men  with  situations  which  give  them  a  bare  sup¬ 
port  are  overtaken  by  disease, — a  disastrous  fire  may  sweep  away  the  accumulations  of 


46 


The  Monumental  City, 

“St.  Patrick’s  Orphan  Asylum,”  “Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum,”  “  St.  Peter’s  Orphan  Asy¬ 
lum,”  “St.  Francis  Orphan  Asylum,”  “St.  Anthony’s  Orphan  Asylum,”  “St.  Paul’s 
Orphan  Asylum,”  “Aged  Men’s  Home,”  “Aged  Women’s  Home,”  “Home  of  the 
Friendless,”  “House  of  the  Good  Shepherd,”  “Church  Home,”  “Protestant  Infirm¬ 
ary,”  “Lombard  Street  Infirmary,”  “Washington  University  Hospital,”  “  The  Home,” 


THE  OLD  FIRST  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH,  BUILT  IN  1791 


— Present  Eziorzczs. 


47 


■>  ■'> 


265  f e«: 


Icvjrs 


48 


The  Monumental  City, 

Immediately  outside  of  the  western  boundaries  of  our  city  is  located  another  monument 
of  the  energy  of  some  of  our  citizens,  and  those  who  administered  the  affairs  of  the  corpo¬ 
ration  in  times  agone.  This  is  the  House  of  Refuge,  for  the  reformation  of  boys,  who,  like 
Topsy,  “never  had  no  mother,  but  growed ,”  or  whose  parents  after  a  series  of  years  of 
unsuccessful  training  have  pronounced  them  incorrigible ,  and  have  turned  them  over  to 
the  tender  mercies  of  those  who  recognize  no  such  word  in  their  vocabulary.  For  years 
this  asylum  was  tolerably  wTell  supplied  with  inmates,  but  the  establishment  of  the 
“Boys’  Home,”  and  kindred  institutions,  has  materially  retarded  the  growth  of  these 
embryotic  felons,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  rapid  enlargement  in  the  future  of  their 
sphere  of  usefulness  will  leave  the  House  of  Refuge  without  occupants. 

The  nations  of  antiquity  were  divided  as  to  their  policy  for  disposing  of  those  afflicted 
with  constitutional  infirmities.  While  some  maintained  the  doctrine  that  those  who,  by 
reason  of  the  loss  of  one  or  more  of  the  senses,  or  because  of  physical  deformity,  could  not 
contribute  towards  the  support  of  the  State,  should  be  summarily  slaughtered ;  others 
upheld  the  less  revolting  but  almost  equally  absurd  theory,  that  this  class  were  divinities 
or  demi-gods,  and  should  be  worshipped  accordingly.  The  insane,  the  idiotic,  the  blind, 
the  deaf  and  dumb,  were  in  some  communities  immediately  put  to  death,  while  in  others 
their  mad  prattle  or  incoherent  mutterings  were  unhesitatingly  adopted  as  oracles  upon 
which  depended  the  fate  of  empires.  Though  perhaps  it  is  quite  as  impossible  now  to 
“  minister  to  a  mind  diseased”  as  in  the  days  of  yore,  it  must  be  confessed  that  the  moderns 
in  their  appreciation  of  this  unfortunate  class  are  far  ahead  of  the  ancients. 

Every  enlightened  community  regards  them  as  the  wards  of  the  nation,  an  outgrowth 
it  may  be  of  the  sins  of  the  people,  but  nevertheless  irresponsible  for  their  misfortunes,  and 
to  be  cared  for  with  the  utmost  kindness  and  tenderness,  as  does  a  parent  for  an  afflicted  child- 
Some  of  the  finest  edifices  in  our  country,  imposing  in  design,  artistic  in  structure  and 
splendidly  finished,  attest  the  consideration  which  our  people  evince  toward  this  phase  of 
suffering  humanity. 

The  State  of  Maryland  has  vied  with  private  benevolence  in  her  efforts  to  provide  for 
the  afflicted,  and  the  result  has  been  the  erection  of  Asylums  magnificen  t  in  point  of 
architectural  finish,  and  embracing  in  their  management  all  the  best  features  that  the 
extensive  experience  of  the  nineteenth  century  can  furnish.  Nineteen  years  ago  a  project 
was  set  on  foot  which  had  for  its  object  the  erection  of  an  Insane  Asylum.  A  number 
of  citizens  banded  together  and  raised  an  amount  sufficient  to  purchase  one  hundred  and 
thirty-six  acres  of  land  on  the  road  leading  from  Baltimore  to  Catonsville.  This  property 
was  donated  to  the  State,  on  condition  that  an  Asylum  should  be  erected  for  the  insane 

Successive  legislatures  appropriated  about  $750,000  for  this  purpose  and  the  result  has 
been  the  “  Spring  Grove  Asylum,”  an  institution  complete  in  all  its  appointments,  with 
capacity  for  three  hundred  patients,  and  which  is  equal  in  every  respect  to  any  similar 
establishment  in  this  or  any  other  country. 

Moses  Sheppard,  descended  from  a  Quaker  family  and  a  member  of  that  persuasion  him¬ 
self,  died  in  this  city  in  1857,  after  having  amassed  by  industry  and  frugality,  a  very 
considerable  fortune.  Mr.  Sheppard,  early  in  life  was  horrified  at  sight  of  the  treatment 
extended  to  insane  paupers  in  our  almshouses  and  jails.  Men  and  women  were  crowded 
into  narrow  cells,  stripped  of  every  comfort,  chained  to  the  floor  or  braced  to  the  miserable 
apologies  for  beds  and  literally  suffered  to  wallow  in  filth.  Their  coarse  and  insufficient 
food  was  grudgingly  meted  out  to  them,  and  scantily  clad  they  were  exhibited  like  wild 
beasts  to  the  morbid  gaze  of  those  whose  gorge  did  not  revolt  at  the  spectacle.  Many 
whose  mild  maladies  might  have  been  cured  by  timely  and  proper  treatment,  were  trans¬ 
formed  into  ravins:  maniacs,  and  instances  were  not  rare  of  patients  tortured  to  death  by 
the  use  of  the  scourge  or  the  lack  of  decent  food.  They  were  treated  as  though  they  were 
incarcerated  for  heinous  crimes  rather  than  confined  as  a  security  to  themselves,  with  the 
hope  of  ameliorating  their  condition.  This  system  was  long  in  vogue  in  many  sections  of 


49 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


this  country.  Custom  had  deadened  the  sensibilities  of  the  public,  and  its  very  antiquity 
\yas  a  sufficient  excuse  for  its  brutality. 

That  we  have  been  emancipated  from  this  frightful  incubus,  that  we  have  awakened  to 
a  proper  appreciation  ot  this  unfortunate  class  ot  people,  and  that  the  insane  from  all 
parh  of  our  State  can  now,  within  a  stone’s  throw  of  Baltimore,  receive  the  best  atten¬ 
tion  and  treatment  that  skill  or  experience  can  suggest,  is  due  to  the  munificence  and 
energy  of  such  men  as  Moses  Sheppard.  For  many  years  this  subject  was  the  leading 
idea  of  his  life.  He  surrounded  himself  with  plans,  examined  carefully  the  designs  of  the 
most  prominent  Asylums  in  the  country,  and  studied  the  various  systems  adopted  for  the 


HEBREW  HOSPITAL. 


treatment  of  lunatics.  Before  his  death  he  had  matured  a  scheme  for  an  Insane  Asylum 
somewhat  novel  in  its  character,  and  it  is  to  be  presumed,  from  the  care  bestowed  upon  its 
creation,  the  best  that  has  yet  been  devised. 

Six  hundred  thousand  dollars  were  donated  by  Mr.  Sheppard  for  the  erection  and 
maintenance  of  the  institution.  The  money  was  prudently  invested,  and  has  since  that 
time  with  the  property  acquired  increased  to  $1,000,000. 

Three  hundred  and  seventy -seven  acres  of  land  have  been  purchased  within  six 
miles  of  Baltimore,  with  an  outlet  both  upon  Charles  Street  Avenue  and  the  York 


50 


The  Monumental  City, 


Road.  The  land  is  beautifully  located  in  one  of  the  most  picturesque  sections  of  our 
State,  and  in  the  hands  of  the  landscape-gardener  is  destined  to  become  a  most  exquisite 
addition  to  the  natural  ornaments  which  surround  our  city.  The  building  is  in  course  of 
erection,  the  annual  income  from  the  endowment  furnishing  the  funds  for  its  construction. 
The  style  of  architecture  is  Elizabethan.  When  completed  it  will  have  no  superior  on 
this  continent  for  beauty  of  design,  or  substantial  comfort  to  those  who  will  be  its  occu¬ 
pants. 

The  patients  are  to  be  selected  by  the  Trustees,  according  to  their  best  judgment, — and 
as  the  establishment  is  mainly  designed  for  a  curative  Hospital,  care  must  necessarily  be 
taken  to  open  its  doors  principally  to  those  whose  types  of  insanity  are  such  as  hold  out 
hopes  of  ultimate  recovery.  The  charges  for  maintenance  of  patients  are  to  be  regulated 
by  the  ability  of  themselves  or  their  relatives  to  pay  their  expenses;  if  utterly  unable,  the 
charges  will  be  remitted  altogether. 


“Mount  Hope,  in  the  Northwestern  suburbs  of  the  City,  has  long  been  celebrated  for 
its  treatment  of  insane  patients.  The  accommodations  of  the  institution  are  ample,  while 
the  beautiful  grounds  by  which  it  is  surrounded  must,  if  anything  can,  produce  a  soothing 
effect  upon  the  terrible  maladies  of  those  who  saunter  through  its  avenues  or  rest  under 
the  peaceful  shadows  of  the  foliage,  so  near  to  the  whirl  and  bustle  of  the  busy  city,  and 
yet  so  entirely  separated  from  its  life  and  passions. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  through  State  aid  and  private  charity  and  enterprise,  those 
bereft  of  reason  in  our  midst  have  been  most  lavishly  provided  with  homes. 

Closely  allied  to  the  above,  are  the  institutions  for  the  cure  of  inebriates.  The  opinion 
has  rapidly  gained  ground  during  the  past  few  years  that  drunkenness,  like  insanity,  con¬ 
sumption  and  a  host  of  other  maladies  is  constitutional  or  inheritable.  Whether  this  be 
so  or  not  it  is  unnecessary  here  to  inquire.  Philanthropists  have  been  awakened  to  the 
necessity  of  placing  a  check  upon  this  frightful  scourge.  WTether  proceeding  from  the 
painful  weakness  of  human  nature,  or  the  reckless  carelessness  which  has  almost  become 
a  feature  of  modern  life,  the  results  of  drunkenness  are  the  same  upon  the  public  weal, 
and  society  to  save  itself  has  been  forced  to  seek  the  best  method  of  preventing  it.  Inebri¬ 
ate  Asylums  have  been  established  in  different  parts  of  the  country,  and  Baltimore  has 
not  been  behindhand.  A  number  of  benevolent  persons  founded  a  few  years  ago,  an 
Asylum  m  the  Western  part  of  Baltimore,  and  Mount  Hope  Retreat,  about  six  miles 
from  the  City,  has  a  distinct  department  reserved  for  the  restoration  of  inebriates.  It  may 
seem  quixotic  to  direct  benevolence  to  this  channel,  but  when  we  consider  that  the  majority 
of  diseases  are  directly  or  indirectly  the  result  of  violations  of  the  plainest  principles  of 
nature,  and  that  by  far  the  greater  number  of  crimes  may  be  traced  to  the  improper  use  of 
spirituous  liquors,  the  question  assumes  another  aspect.  Instances  are  not  rare  of  poor 
besotted  wretches  rescued  from  the  gutter  and  taken  to  these  retreats,  limp,  quivering  with 
horror  and  bearing  about  them  but  the  semblance  of  manhood  with  its  noble  attributes 
its  god-like  qualities  nearly  dead.  Kind  words,  gentle  nursing,  soothing  remedies  have 
mstoiecl  the  relaxed  muscles,  and  given  tone  to  the  broken  spirit,,  and  a  few  weeks  have 

sufficed  to  effect  a  radical  cure.  Many  a  valuable  life  has  been  saved,  many  a  useful  citi¬ 
zen  restored  to  society  through  their  influence. 


e  maimed,  the  halt,  and  the  blind  have  been  equally  the  objects  of  solicitude  in  our 

Ci  y  and  State.  The  ‘‘Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum”  established  by  the  State  in  the  city  of 

rec  enc  k,  is  an  enduring  memorial  of  her  consideration  for  all  classes  of  her  citizens.  In 

ac  1  ion  to  the  substantial  and  handsome  edifice  erected  for  their  comfort,  the  institution 

las  been  supplied  with  a  corps  of  competent  instructors,  who  educate  the  unfortunate  chil- 

^  h61f  Care  aS  far  aS  their  sad  dePrivations  will  permit,  and  the  proficiency 

the  nhqtn  I  &  S  ^  branches  of  knowledge  is  truly  wonderful  when  we  consider 

Broad ™ t  afams*  Whf  have  to  contend.  An  Asylum  has  been  established  on 
Broadway ,  in  this  City,  for  the  care  and  education  of  colored  deaf  mutes. 


51 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Kesources. 

The  Maryland  Institution  for  the  Instruction  of  the  Blind,  located  on  North  Avenue  in 
this  City,  was  incorporated  in  1853,  through  the  efforts  of  several  benevolent  citizens.  The 
present  building,  constructed  of  Baltimore  County  Marble  at  a  cost  of  $145,000— is  beauti¬ 
fully  located  and  can  accomodate  all  who  are  likely  to  apply  for  admission  for  years  to 

come.  Those  who  are  able  to  pay  are  expected  to  do  so,  but  the  indigent  are  received  and 
educated  at  the  expense  of  the  State. 

Mr.  Thomas  Kelso,  a  native  of  Ireland,  but  for  eighty-two  years  a  citizen  of  Baltimore,  has  . 
been  long  know  n  in  our  city  as  a  benevolent  and  philanthropic  gentleman.  His  many  dona¬ 
tions  to  charitable  purposes,  and  the  princely  aid  he  has  given  to  churches  would  of 
themselves  entitle  him  to  special  notice.  Age  has  not  dimmed  that  spark  of  humanity 
which  shone  with  such  lustre  in  days  of  yore,  nor  has  experience  tempered  its  brightness. 
Eighty-nine  years  of  life  have  but  intensified  his  love  for  his  fellow  beings.  Within  a  few 
weeks  he  has  purchased  a  house  and  lot  for  a  Methodist  Episcopal  Orphan  Asylum,  and 


BLIND  ASYLUM. 


has  endowed  it  with  one  hundred  thousand  dollars.  Thus  in  the  evening  of  his  days 
he  is  enabled  to  contemplate  the  practical  workings  of  his  many  charities,  and  to  behold 
this  crowning  memorial  which  will  number  him  among  the  benefactors  of  mankind. 

Samuel  Ready,  a  native  of  Baltimore  County,  but  for  many  years  a  lumber-dealer  in  our 
City,  left  at  his  death  $400,000,  for  the  establishment  of  an  Asylum  for  Female  Orphans. 
Early  in  life  his  attention  was  attracted  to  those  pitiful  waifs  who  stray  into  lumber-yards , 
and  earn  a  precarious  livelihood  by  the  pickings  and  frequently,  stealings  they  may  gather 
thence. 

He  was  painfully  aware  of  the  manifold  temptations  to  which  they  are  exposed  and  the 
aim  of  his  existence  appears  to  have  been,  by  rigid  economy  and  close  application  to 
business,  to  set  apart  a  sufficient  sum  to  provide  these  little  creatures  with  a  shelter  and 
home. 

Mr.  Johns  Hopkins,  a  gentleman  thoroughly  identified  with  the  interests  of  Baltimore, 
and  one  of  her  wealthiest  and  most  influential  citizens,  has  determined  t6  establish  a 


52 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 

series  of  charities  which  for  munificence  and  scope,  will  exceed  any  heretofore  instituted 
by  any  one  person  in  America.  Mr.  Hopkins  is  of  an  old  and  highly  respectable  Quaker 
family  from  the  adjoining  county  of  Anne  Arundel,  and  came  to  Baltimore  in  1812,  and 
entered  upon  a  mercantile  career  which  by  his  sagacity,  frugality  and  energy,  has 
developed  into  a  success  unexampled  in  the  history  of  the  City.  While  amassing  a  fortune, 
colossal  in  its  dimensions,  he  has  kept  steadily  in  view  the  prosperity  and  advancement  of 
Baltimore,  and  has  contributed  greatly  to  the  improvement  of  the  City  by  fostering  her 
commercial  interests,  erecting  solid  and  substantial  edifices  for  her  increasing  trade,  and 
extending  timely  and  judicious  aid  to  her  young  and  enterprising  merchants  and 
manufacturers. 

The  material  assistance  which  he  granted  to  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  in  the 
hours  of  darkness  which  shrouded  that  corporation  prior  to  1857,  is  deserving  of  special 
mention.  Mr.  Hopkins  endorsed  the  paper  of  the  corporation  to  a  large  amount,  and 
pledged  his  private  fortune  in  support  of  the  Company’s  interests.  The  present  condition 
of  that  great  work  fully  attests  his  sagacity,  and  to  the  judgment  which  led  him  to  embark 


BOYS’  HOME. 

his  capital  in  the  fortunes  of  this  company,  is  due  much  of  the  success  which  has  attended 
his  subsequent  business  career.  He  now  proposes  to  crown  a  useful  life  by  conferring  upon 
the  community  in  which  he  made  it  the  perpetual  benefit  of  much  the  larger  portion  of 
his  great  fortune. 

The  “Johns  Hopkins  University”  has  been  organized  by  the  appointment  of  trustees. 
'They  have  been  carefully  selected  by  Mr.  Hopkins  from  among  the  business  men  of  the 
highest  standing  and  character  in  Baltimore.  It  will  be  a  University  in  fact  and  not 
merely  in  name  embracing  in  its  functions  the  various  branches  necessary  to  thorough 
education,  to  which  will  be  added  a  Botanical  School  on  an  extended  scale.  His  mag¬ 
nificent  and  beautiful  estate  on  the  outskirts  of  the  City,  “Clifton,”  containing  nearly  four 
hundied  acres  ol  land,  has  been  set  apart  for  this  purpose,  and  the  trustees  have  been 
clothed  with  ample  powers  for  the  maintenance  of  the  University  in  a  manner  which  will 
be  creditable  to  the  City  and  an  honor  to  the  memory  of  the  donor.  Its  endowment  will 
be  four  millions  of  dollars. 

The  site  of  the  old  Maryland  Hospital,  fourteen  acres  within  the  City,  has  been  pur¬ 
chased  by  Mi.  Hopkins  for  the  erection  of  a  Hospital  for  the  reception  of  all  persons 


HOME  OF  THE  AGED  OF  THE  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH,  CORNER  OF  WEST  FRANKLIN  AND  FULTON  STREETS,  BALTIMORE 


54 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 

afflicted  with  bodily  injuries  or  non-contagious  disorders.  Separate  buildings  will  be 
provided  for  the  sexes,  and  also  for  the  unfortunate  of  different  races.  The  services  of  the 
most  skillful  surgeons  and  physicians  will  be  secured,  and  an  endowment  of  over  two 
millions  will  provide  ample  means  for  its  support. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  Mr.  Hopkins  has  made  liberal  arrangements  for  the  erection 
of  an  asylum  for  the  education  and  maintenance  of  about  four  hundred  colored  orphan 
children,  which  will  be  under  the  supervision  of  the  trustees  of  the  “Johns  Hopkins 
Hospital.” 

“The  Press”  of  Baltimore  is  peculiar.  In  these  days  when  journalism  may  be  said 
to  be  paramount,  when  it  directs  public  opinion,  frames  legislation,  prescribes  the  code  of 
morality,  and  at  the  same  time  furnishes  highly  seasoned  and  meretricious  food  to  palates 
vitiated  by  excess  of  sensation,  the  Press  of  our  City  is  almost  original.  Its  aim  thus  far 
has  been  “  to  hold  up  the  mirror  to  nature,”  faithfully  to  portray  current  events  as  they 
actually  occur,  to  exaggerate  nothing,  “nor  set  down  aught  in  malice.” 

The  example  set  by  several  of  the  great  dailies  of  New  York,  of  transforming  the  most 
trivial  events  into  matters  of  excitement  through  the  magic  of  a  vivid  imagination,  or  of 
relying  entirely  upon  that  wonderful  faculty  for  striking  impressions,  has  been  extensively 
imitated  in  many  of  the  large  cities  of  America.  Public  taste  thus  perverted  reacts  upon 
public  journals,  and  a  morbid  appetite  is  engendered  which  newspapers  find  it  difficult  to 
satisfy.  The  Press  of  our  City  has  happily  avoided  this  snare,  and  the  public  of  Balti¬ 
more,  by  its  appreciation,  endorses  what  it  considers  the  true  vocation  of  journalism. 

Our  journalists  are  men  of  culture,  education  and  ability,  and  what  is  of  infinitely 
more  importance,  incapable  of  prostituting  the  censorship  they  exercise,  for  personal  con¬ 
siderations.  The  entente  cordiale  is  strictly  observed  between  those  engaged  in  rival 
enterprises,  and  rarely  forgotten  even  in  the  ardor  of  a  political  campaign. 

The  history  of  the  Press  of  Baltimore  would  be  exceedingly  curious  and  interesting, 
but  our  space  will  only  permit  a  brief  reference  to  those  newspapers  at  present  in  existence, 
and  wielding  a  potent  influence  in  the  community.  The  Baltimore  American  and  Com¬ 
mercial  Advertiser  naturally  heads  the  list,  both  because  of  its  antiquity  and  its  importance 
as  a  public  journal.  Away  back  in  the  annals  of  the  City,  when  Baltimore  was  little 
more  than  a  country  village,  and  Annapolis  a  commercial  emporium,  we  find  mention  of 
a  Mr.  William  Goddard,  a  printer  of  Rhode  Island,  who,  with  the  acuteness  and  enter¬ 
prise  so  characteristic  of  his  section,  moved  from  Philadelphia,  where  he  had  for  sometime 
resided,  and  on  the  20th  of  August,  1773,  established  a  paper  in  this  City,  entitled  the 
Maryland  Journal  and  Baltimore  Advertiser.  Prior  to  this  date  it  was  customary  to 
receive  the  paper  from  and  send  advertisements  to  either  Annapolis  or  Philadelphia. 

It  is  difficult  to  conceive  at  this  day  that  Baltimore  could  have  been  at  any  time  so 
helplessly  dependent  upon  Annapolis,  that  venerable  connecting  link  between  the  present 
and  the  past.  Goddard’s  paper  was  at  first  issued  in  weekly  instalments  from  a  house  on 
South  street,  near  the  main  thoroughfare  of  the  City.  The  smouldering  fires  of  the  Revo¬ 
lution  were  being  rapidly  fanned  into  a  blaze,  and  a  feverish  excitement  had  taken  pos¬ 
session  of  the  public.  A  better  moment  for  beginning  a  newspaper  enterprise  could 
scarcely  have  been  selected,  and  the  old  files  of  the  paper  give  convincing  proof  of  the 
proprietor’s  appreciation  of  the  crisis.  Mr.  Goddard  more  than  once  during  “the  times 
that  tried  men’s  souls”  displayed  an  indomitable  perseverence  in  the  acquisition  of  news 
so  characteristic  of  modern  journalists,  but  not  viewed  in  a  friendly  light  by  our  Revolu¬ 
tionary  fathers.  On  several  occasions  he  was  called  to  account  for  inopportune  publica¬ 
tions,  or  for  the  freedom  with  which  he  criticised  the  actions  of  those  in  power,  and  the  ardor 
with  which  he  espoused  the  cause  of  Gen.  Charles  Lee,  when  that  officer  was  suspended 
by  the  fiat  of  a  court-martial,  brought  about  his  ears  the  indignant  protests  of  a  number 
of  patriotic  citizens,  and  but  for  a  timely  recantation,  which  he  subsequently  disclaimed, 


THE  BALTIMORE  AMERICAN  BUILDING 
126  4  128  West  Baltimore  Street. 


56 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 

he  would  have  received  the  coat  of  tar  and  feathers  which  "was  administered  by  the  popu¬ 
lace  to  several  of  his  less  fortunate  supporters. 

After  the  war,  and  during  the  suspension  of  Benjamin  Franklin  from  the  Postoffice 
Department,  Mr.  Goddard  resigned  the  editorial  chair  to  his  sister,  Miss  Mary  K.  Goddard, 
and  undertook  the  establishment  of  post-routes  in  different  parts  of  the  country.  Miss 
Goddard  was  perhaps  the  first  of  her  sex  in  America  to  assume  the  arduous  duties  of  a 
journalist,  but  with  the  assistance  of  several  gentlemen  of  talent  and  public  spirit,  she 
more  than  maintained  the  high  character  the  paper  had  acquired  under  the  management 
of  her  brother.  She  afterwares  took  charge  of  the  local  postoffice,  and  discharged  the 
duties  of  both  positions  with  credit  to  herself,  and  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  great 
public  of  Baltimore,  which  at  this  period  consisted  of  some  seven  or  eight  thousand  persons. 

The  early  hies  of  the  paper,  a  number  of  which  are  still  preserved  at  the  American 
office,  exhibited  signs  of  business  energy  and  enterprise  which  compare  very  favorably 
with  like  manifestations  in  our  city  to-day.  The  advertising  columns  were  well  filled, 
and  the  accuracy  and  celerity  apparent  in  the  collection  of  news  seem  marvellous  when  we 
consider  the  impossibility  of  easy  and  regular  communication. 

These  old  files  give  a  very  fair  picture  of  the  customs  which  prevailed  at  that  period. 
The  announcement  of  a  combat  to  take  place  on  Laudenslager’s  hill,  between  a  royal 
Bengal  tiger  and  four  well  trained  dogs,  sounds  rather  primitive  to  modern  readers  of 
newspapers,  and  the  result  of  the  terrific  struggle,  the  dying  agonies  of  the  royal  brute, 
and  the  subsequent  exhibition  of  his  stuffed  skin  to  the  public  at  a  shilling  a  head,  and 
half  price  for  those  of  tender  years,  is  really  refreshing  in  the  light  of  these  degenerate 
days,  wrhen  the  fancy  are  confined  to  the  tamer  amusements  of  cock-fighting,  rat-killing 
and  punching  each  others  heads. 

In  1798  the  name  of  the  Maryland  Journal  and  Baltimore  Advertiser  wa^  changed  to  the 
American  and  Daily  Advertiser ,  and  in  the  year  1820  to  the  Baltimore  American  and 
Commercial  Advertiser,  the  title  under  which  it  is  issued  at  present.  The  American 
during  the  hundred  years  of  its  life  has  not  been  exempt  from  the  vicisitudes  of  fortune. — 
Like  other  papers  its  lines  have  sometimes  been  cast  in  pleasant  places,  and  at  others  the 
reverse  has  been  the  case.  Its  course  howmver  has  always  been  consistent.  Bold  and 
outspoken  in  its  sentiments  and  generally  enlisted  on  the  side  of  good  government  and 
the  true  interests  of  Baltimore,  it  has  become  a  power  in  the  community  and  has  aided 
very  materially  in  the  development  and  progress  of  our  City. 

In  1855,  Mr.  Charles  C.  Fulton,  its  present  proprietor,  took  charge  of  the  paper.  A  prac¬ 
tical  newspaper  man  himself  he  fully  appreciated  the  fact  that  a  public  Journal  to  be 
successful  must  give  the  news  to  its  readers  in  an  attractive  form  and  with  as  near  an 
approach  to  accuracy  as  circumstances  will  permit.  Since  that  time  the  success  of  the 
American  has  been  uninterrupted  As  its  name  imports,  it  is  an  admirable  commercial 
paper  and  relied  upon  by  our  merchants  and  business  men  for  its  able  and  thorough 
market  reports  and  monetary  articles. 

I  lie  tone  ol  the  paper  is  temperate  and  the  impartial  bearing  it  has  maintained  upon  all 
questions  affecting  the  growth  and  development  of  our  City  and  its  internal  management, 
has  established  for  it  a  reputation  for  good  sense  and  sound  judgment,  and  its  advice  has 
been  repeatedly  sought  and  acted  upon  by  the  municipal  authorities,  even  though  opposed 
to  its  political  teachings.  The  financial  management  of  the  paper  since  1869  has  been 
marked  by  great  ability  and  enterprise,  and  has  contributed  measurably  to  its  prosperity. 

lhe  publication  of  The  Sun,  of  which  Mr.  A.  S.  Abell,  the  original  founder,  is  the 
pioprietor,  wras  begun  May  17th,  1837.  It  was  the  first  attempt  made  in  this  city  to 
establish  a  penny-paper,  and  its  success  during  the  first  nine  months  of  its  existence  far 
exceeded  the  most  sanguine  hopes  of  its  projectors.  The  breaking  out  of  the  Mexican  war 
and  the  energy  displayed  by  the  proprietors  of  The  Sun  in  securing  the  earliest  intelli¬ 
gence  from  the  seat  of  war  by  means  of  a  pony  express  gave  the  paper  an  impetus  which 
it  has  since  then  maintained,  in  fact,  its  subsequent  career  has  been  an  uninterrupted  success. 


THE  SUN  IRON  BUILDING, 

S.  E.  Corner  of  Baltimore  and  South  Streets , 

_  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  BAIL  T  AJVB  WEEK!  Y  S  UJY, 

THE  BEST  AND  CHEAPEST  NEWSPAPERS  PUBLISHED. 

Daily  circulation  larger  than  all  the  other  city  morning  papers  combined — conse¬ 
quently  unrivalled  as  an  advertising  medium. 

TERMS — Daily  Sun ,  §ftfor  12  months;  $3  for  6  months ;  $1.50  for  3  months. 
Weekly  Sun}  $1.50  for  12  months ;  $1  for  6  months — in  advance. 

A.  S.  ABELL  &  CO.,  Proprietors. 


59 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 

As  a  public  journal,  giving  the  news  in  a  concise  but  readable  form,  The  Sun  has  no 
superior  in  the  country.  Sagacity  and  enterprise  are  exhibited  in  its  management,  and 
its  editorial  columns  are  marked  by  ability  and  sound  sense.  The  Sun  Iron  Building ,  on 
the  southeast  corner  of  South  and  Baltimore  streets,  from  whence  the  paper  is  at  present 
issued,  was  the  first  edifice  of  that  character  erected  in  America.  It  was  built  entirely  of 
iron  at  a  time  when  business  men  generally  were  unwilling  to  try  the  experiment,  and  its 
usefulness  and  beauty  have  abundantly  attested  the  discernment  of  Mr.  Abell. 

The  publication  of  The  Daily  Exchange  was  begun  in  this  City  on  the  22d  of  Feb¬ 
ruary,  1858.  The  paper  because  of  the  bold  stand  it  assumed  with  reference  to  local 
disorders  and  its  manly  and  vigorous  leaders,  immediately  attracted  attention. 

It  was  mainly  instrumental  in  restoring  a  healthy  tone  to  local  politics,  and  during  the 
first  year  of  its  existence  became  a  power  in  the  community. 

The  Exchange  was  suppressed  by  the  strong  arm  of  the  military  in  1861,  but  promptly 
reappeared  as  the  Maiiyland  News  Sheet,  under  which  title  it  was  published  until  the 
cessation  of  hostilities  in  1865,  wThen  it  was  issued  under  its  present  name,  The  Balti¬ 
more  Gazette.  On  the  3d  of  May  of  the  present  year  The  Gazette  partially  changed 
hands. 

Mr.  Charles  J.  Baker,  a  prominent  merchant  and  manufacturer  of  this  City,  and  a  gen¬ 
tleman  of  no  ordinary  enterprise,  united  himself  with  Messrs.  Welsh  &  Carpenter  in  the 
conduct  of  the  paper — the  latter  having  been  connected  with  it  from  its  origin.  The  name 
of  Mr.  Baker  must  be  a  tower  of  strength  to  any  journal  issued  in  Baltimore  City.  With 
rare  business  tact,  large  experience  and  ample  means,  he  unites  sterling  integrity  and  a 
lofty  and  generous  nature,  whose  impulses  are  ever  enlisted  for  the  advancement  of  the 
City  and  the  good  of  the  people. 

The  Gazette  will  be  published  hereafter  in  the  quarto  form,  after  the  manner  of  the  lead¬ 
ing  New  York  dailies.  Its  prospectus  is  admirable.  “It  will  maintain  fully  and  fearlessly 
an  independent  position ;  but  whilst  it  will  be  free  from  all  partizan  trammels,  it  will  con¬ 
sistently  advocate  and  maintain  Democratic  principles. 

It  will  be  under  the  control  of  no  cliques  It  will  not  admit  the  right  of  any  one  to 
dictate  its  policy.  It  will  utter  its  own  opinions. 

It  will  defend  the  right.  It  will  denounce  wrong.  It  will  strive  to  be  worthy  of  public 
confidence,  by  correct  accounts  of  current  events,  and  fair  discussion  of  public  measures; 
by  withholding  scandal,  as  well  as  exposing  public  vices.  It  is  pledged  not  to  screen 
wrong  doing  in  any  one.  Political  and  commercial  friends  will  be  sustained,  so  far  as 
they  are  right.  If  they  wish  wrong  palliated,  or  schemes  of  plunder  and  mismanagement 
in  public  affairs  defended,  they  must  seek  other  helpers. 

Considering  the  growth  and  wealth  and  resources  of  this  city,  its  extending  commerce, 
its  many  avenues  of  trade,  *  *  *  *  ;  considering  its  position  and  capabilit}^  of  becoming 
one  of  the  largest  centres  of  commercial  and  manufacturing  activity  in  the  country;  con¬ 
sidering  the  number  and  increase  of  its  public  charities,  and  plans  of  public  education,  we 
have  room  among  its  growing  activities  for  more  public  journals,  and  especially  for  one  of 
the  very  highest  class. 

In  carrying  out  its  plans  it  will  scrutinize  the  management  of  public  institutions  and 
faithfully  comment  on  their  administration,  and  the  capacity  and  uprightness  of  their 
managers.  It  will  advocate  a  liberal  policy  for  public  schools;  and  whilst  it  will  be  a 
cherished  aim  to  watch  these  nurseries  of  thought  and  morals  for  evidences  of  successful 
and  conscientious  administration,  it  will  not  hesitate  to  oppose  promptly  partisanship  or 
incapacity  in  school  boards  or  teachers.” 

With  the  enlargement  of  the  size  of  the  paper  there  will  be  a  corresponding  increase  in 
the  amount  of  reading  matter,  and  no  pains  will  be  spared  to  obtain  the  earliest  and  most 
trustworthy  news  and  the  most  interesting  correspondence. 


GERMAN  CORRESPONDENT  BUILDING, 

Corner  Baltimore  Street  and  Post  Office  Avenue 


61 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 

The  above  is  the  programme  of  The  Gazette  under  its  new  auspices.  The  names  of  the 
gentlemen  who  have  charge  of  the  paper  are  a  sufficient  guarantee  that  it  will  be  complied 
with  in  every  respect. 

This  journal  already  wields  a  potent  influence  in  the  City  of  Baltimore  and  many  sec¬ 
tions  of  Maryland  and  the  Southern  States.  That  this  will  be  measurably  increased  under 
its  new  direction  admits  of  no  doubt. 

The  emigration  of  Germans  to  our  city  has  aided  materially  in  its  development.  As  a 
class  they  have  been  industrious,  energetic  and  enterprising,  and  many  of  the  interests, 
detailed  minutely  in  another  portion  of  this  volume,  owe  their  rise  and  subsequent  success 
to  their  sagacity  and  skill.  A  large  number  of  them  upon  reaching  our  shores  find  it 
dfficult  to  master  our  language,  and  in  consequence  several  newspapers  have  been  estab¬ 
lished  in  this  city  which  are  published  in  the  German  language. 

The  most  prominent  is  the  German  Correspondent,  founded  in  1840  by  Col.  Erederick 
Raine,  who  has  been  since  that  time,  a  period  of  nearly  thirty-three  years,  its  proprietor 
and  chief  editor.  The  paper  began  its  career  as  a  weekly  journal,  with  a  list  of  eighty 
subscribers,  but,  through  the  prudence  and  energy  of  its  proprietor,  in  1848  it  became  one 
of  the  leading  dailies  of  our  city.  In  1869,  the  Marble  Building  at  the  southwest  corner  of 
Baltimore  street  and  Post  Office  avenue,  was  built  by  Colonel  Raine  at  a  cost  of  $200,000, 
and  since  that  time  the  Correspondent  has  been  regularly  issued  from  that  handsome  and 
substantial  edifice.  Its  success  is  sufficient  evidence  of  the  admirable  management  of  the 
paper  and  the  ability  displayed  in  the  editorial  columus  has  made  it  an  influential  organ 
among  the  Germans  of  Maryland  and  the  neighboring  States. 

A  number  of  weekly  papers  are  published  in  this  City,  prominent  among  which  is  the 
Baltimore  Bulletin,  of  which  W.  Mackay  Laffan  and  S.  S.  Early  are  proprietors. — 
This  paper  was  established  in  1870,  and  by  its  sprightliness,  wit  and  common  sense,  soon 
earned  for  itself  a  popularity  surpassing  that  of  any  weekly  in  Baltimore.  It  is  not  likely 
to  lose  its  prestige  in  the  hands  of  its  present  publishers. 

Among  the  periodicals  published  the  Southern  Magazine  occupies  perhaps  the  most 
conspicuous  place.  Its  selected  matter  evinces  taste  and  judgment,  and  the  original  articles 
which  appear  in  its  pages  give  evidence  of  ability  and  cultivation. 

Among  the  weeklies  and  monthlies  there  are  a  number  of  journals  devoted  exclusively 
to  religion.  These  are  under  the  auspices  of  the  different  denominations  and  are  well 
supported  by  the  respective  Churches,  both  in  this  City  and  the  rural  districts  of  this  and 
other  States. 

The  Merchants  Exchange  and  News  Room  has  been  organized  for  more  than  a 
half  century.  For  the  past  thirty  years  it  has  been  under  the  management  and  proprietor¬ 
ship  of  Mr.  George  U.  Porter.  Prior  to  the  purchase  by  the  general  Government  of  the 
old  Exchange  Building,  the  reading  rooms  were  located  therein,  but  in  1857,  they  were 
removed  to  the  adjoining  building  where  they  have  since  been  located.  A  careful  record 
is  preserved  at  the  Exchange  News  Rooms,  of  the  marine  and  commercial  news;  tele¬ 
graphic  advices  of  the  New  York  and  Liverpool  markets  are  received ;  together  with  files 
of  papers  from  all  the  principal  points  in  our  own  and  foreign  countries.  The  rooms  are 
maintained  at  considerable  expense  and  for  support  are  dependent  upon  the  annual  sub¬ 
scriptions  of  the  members. 

The  Marine  "Observatory  is  situated  on  Federal  Hill,  overlooking  the  river  and 
Chesapeake  Bay  to  a  distance  of  twenty  miles  and  signaling  vessels  as  they  approach  the 
harbor.  Though  entirely  independent  of  the  Exchange,  it  is  nevertheless  a  valuable 
auxiliary.  . 

The  Board  of  Trade  of  Baltimore,  with  the  single  exception  of  the  New  lork 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  is  the  oldest  in  the  United  States.  It  was  organized  in  1820,  and 
in  1849  a  reorganization  was  effected  which  proved  highly  beneficial,  the  Board  since  that 
time  having  proved  itself  thoroughly  active  and  efficient.  Recently,  similar  organizations 


62 


The  Monumental  City, 

have  been  formed  in  nearly  all  the  cities  on  the  seaboard,  from  Portland  to  New  Orleans, 
and  every  prominent  city  in  the  West  to  the  Pacific  coast  has  its  Board  of  Trade  or 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  designed  more  especially  to  promote  the  interests  of  its  immediate 
locality,  but  by  united  representation  in  the  National  Board,  destined  to  wield  much 
influence  in  shaping  the  commercial  policy  of  the  country.  The  high  character  of  the 
men  who  compose  the  Board  in  this  City  have  given  to  it  a  tone  and  strength  almost 
peculiar  to  Baltimore. 

The  members  elect  annually  a  President,  four  Vice  Presidents,  Secretary,  Treasurer,  and 
twenty-four  Directors.  Stated  monthly  meetings  are  held  in  their  rooms  at  the  Exchange 
Reading  Rooms  for  the  transaction  of  business.  The  first  President  under  the  reorganiza¬ 
tion  in  1849  was  John  C.  Brune,  who  filled  that  position  with  credit  to  himself  and  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  Board  until  1862,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Thomas  C.  Jenkins,  who 
served  three  years.  The  lamented  Albert  Schumacher  was  then  chosen  President,  which 
position  he  occupied  until  his  death,  on  the  26th  of  June,  1871.  Horatio  L.  Whitridge  was 
selected  as  the  successor  of  Mr.  Schumacher  and  still  occupies  the  position  with  B.  M. 
Hodges,  Jr.,  J.  Hall  Pleasants,  Laurence  Thomsen  and  Israel  M.  Parr,  Vice  Presidents, 
Edward  B.  Dallam,  Treasurer,  and  George  U.  Porter,  Secretary.  Mr.  Porter  has  filled  the 
position  of  Secretary  to  the  Board  since  1849,  the  date  of  its  reorganization ,  with  great 
acceptability  to  the  members. 

Tiie  Baltimore  Price  Current  and  Weekly  Journal  of  Commerce  was  first 
issued  on  29th  June,  1849,  by  George  U.  Porter  and  Thomas  W.  Tobin.  Prior  to  that 
period  and  for  some  years  thereafter  but  little  attention  was  bestowed  by  the  daily  news¬ 
papers  upon  commercial  reports,  and  the  need  of  such  a  publication  was  keenly  felt  by 
our  merchants.  Since  the  death  of  Mr.  Tobin,  in  April,  1862,  Mr.  Porter  has  edited  and 
conducted  this  journal,  and  is  at  present  its  sole  proprietor. 

The  Price  Current  is  a  faithful  index  of  the  Baltimore  markets.  It  is  conducted  with 
marked  ability,  and  is  accepted  by  our  merchants  and  business  men  as  the  highest 
authority  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  trade  and  commerce  of  our  City. 

No  city  in  America  offers  a  broader  field  than  Baltimore  for  the  development  of  jour¬ 
nalistic  enterprise.  Those  papers  already  established  are  eminently  worthy  of  the 
patronage  they  receive,  but  in  a  city  of  300,000  inhabitants  there  must  necessarily  be  room 
lor  at  least  twice  the  number  of  journals  which  now  occupy  the  field. 

The  moral  and  religious  tone  of  our  community  is  excellent.  Though  the  city  is  not 
exempt  from  the  nameless  evils  incident  to  all  localities  where  human  beings  dwell  together 
in  masses,  immorality  does  not  rear  its  brazen  front  with  impunity,  nor  does  the  law  by 
its  inaction  encourage  vice  or  embolden  its  votaries.  Purity  from  time  immemorial  has 
been  claimed  as  an  especial  virtue  of  the  inhabitants,  and  our  citizens  have  not  soiled  the 
fair  fame  which  has  come  down  to  them  as  a  priceless  legacy  from  their  ancestors.  Balti¬ 
moreans  are  eminently  a  church-going  people. 

llieie  aie  two  hundred  and  four  churches  within  the  limits  of  the  City  divided  among 
the  different  denominations  as  follows :  Methodist  Episcopal  46  ;  Protestant  Episcopal  30; 
Catholic  24 ;  1  resbyterian  18 ;  Evangelical  Lutheran  13 ;  Baptist  10 ;  Jewish  Synagogues  9 ; 
Methodist  Episcopal  (South)  9;  Methodist  Protestant  8  ;  United  Brethren  8;  African  Meth¬ 
odists  7 ;  Reform  Church  6 ;  Independent  Methodists  2 ;  Friends  3 ;  Swedenborgian  3  . 
Evangelical  Association  2 ;  Independent  Church  2;  and  the  Christian,  Seamen’s  Union 
Bethel,  Unitarian,  and  Universalists  each  one.  Of  the  two  hundred  and  four  churches, 
seventeen  are  maintained  by  the  colored  population  of  the  City.  In  this  summary  of 
churches  none  save  those  within  the  boundaries  of  the  corporation  are  enumerated. 

Immediately  outside  of  the  jurisdiction  of  the  city  are  numerous  churches  and  chapels, 
many  of  them  constructed  and  maintained  largely  through  the  liberality  of  our  citizens, 
which  would  swell  the  aggregate  considerably.  There  are  two  hundred  and  thirty-seven 
ecclesiastics  actively  engaged  in  ministerial  duties  who  may  be  classified  as  follows : 


ST.  PAUL’S  P.  E.  CHURCH. 

Seamen’s  Union  Bethel,  Universalist  and  Unitarian,  each  one.  The  Province  of  Bal¬ 
timore  being  at  the  head  of  the  Catholic  Hierachy  in  this  country,  the  Primate  of  that 
Church  in  America,  Archbishop  Bayley,  with  his  council,  resides  in  this  City.  Bishop 
Whittingham,  the  Senior  Bishop  of  the  P.  E.  Diocese  of  Maryland,  Bishop  Ames  of  the 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  63 


Catholics  61 ;  Methodist  Episcopal  43 ;  Protestant  Episcopal  44 ;  Presbyterian  18 ;  Evan¬ 
gelical  Lutheran  12 ;  Baptist  9 ;  Methodist  Protestant  9 ;  Methodist  Episcopal  (South)  9  ; 
United  Brethren  6 ;  Reformed  Church  6 ;  African  Methodist  5 ;  Independent  Methodist  2; 
Evangelical  Association  and  Independent  Church,  two  each ;  and  the  Christian  Church, 


M  The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 

M.  E.  Church,  Bishop  Weaver  of  the  United  Brethren  and  Bishop  Waymanof  the  African 
M.  E.  Church,  also  live  in  Baltimore. 

Sunday  is  emphatically  a  day  of  rest  in  our  City.  Under  the  law,  business  of  every 
description  is  suspended,  and  the  citizens  willingly  co-operate  with  the  authorities  in  the 
enforcement  of  its  provisions.  A  stillness  unbroken,  save  by  the  tinkle  of  the  car-bells 
or  the  voices  of  the  people  as  they  move  to  and  from  the  houses  of  worship,  reigns  through 
the  city  during  the  morning  hours,  and  upon  pleasant  afternoons  the  promenades  and 
thoroughfares  are  fairly  alive  with  happy  faces  eager  to  bathe  in  the  soft  Sabbath  sunlight 
and  breathe  the  invigorating  air  which  rolls  up  from  the  Chesapeake. 

A  large  amount  of  capital  has  been  invested  in  the  construction  of  Church  edifices,  and 
many  of  them  furnish  evidences  of  cultivation  and  taste.  This  brings  us  to  the  con¬ 
sideration  of  another  feature  of  our  City. 


The  effect  of  its  buildings  upon  the  character  of  a  city  is  not  always  properly  appreci¬ 
ated.  Sombreness  or  gaiety,  lights  or  shadows,  depend  oftener  than  is  generally  supposed 
upon  the  style  of  ornamentation  adopted  in  the  construction  of  our  houses;  and  the  tastes 
and  habits  of  a  people  may  be  sometimes  accurately  inferred  from  the  style  of  Architec¬ 
ture  prevalent  among  them.  Not  many  years  ago  the  popular  mind  was  completely  fet¬ 
tered  in  this  regard  by  arbitrary  rules.  The  most  tyrannical  despot  could  not  have  more 
thoroughly  bound  his  subjects  hand  and  foot.  The  severity  of  Grecian  models  or  the 
almost  equally  simple  outlines  of  Roman  architecture,  formed  the  framework  upon  which 
were  designed  all  public  buildings,  while  private  dwellings,  with  few  exceptions,  were 
constructed  solely  with  a  view  to  their  inner  convenience  and  comfort,  and  without  a 
thought  to  their  external  adornment.  Wherever  these  heavy  styles  obtained  exclusively, 
a  corresponding  gravity  was  noticeable  among  the  people. 

The  attention  of  Ruskin  was  attracted  to  this  phase  of  the  subject,  and  the  efforts  of  that 
piactical  but  exquisite  thinker,  coupled  with  the  exertions  of  his  co-workers,  have  effected 
a  complete  revolution  in  the  science  of  architecture  abroad,  while  the  fresh  and  vigorous 
impulses  of  Americans  have  done  much  to  emancipate  them  from  the  master  they  learned 
to  serve  in  provincial  times.  The  spirit  which  held  us  in  Grecian  and  Roman  bonds  is 
rapidly  giving  way  before  the  ambitious  efforts  of  our  energetic  architects,  and  a  system 
has  grown  up  not  referable  to  any  particular  style,  but  a  combination  of  many  which  may 
be  described  as  distinctively  American. 


The  steady  and  substantial  development  of  Baltimore  has  been  favorable  to  the  con¬ 
struction  of  stable  and  handsome  public  edifices.  While  no  recognized  style  of  architec¬ 
ture  has  been  rigidly  enforced,  the  beauties  and  advantages  of  the  Grecian,  Roman, 
Corinthian  and  Gothic  have  been  adopted  by  our  architects,  and  blended  with  more 
modern  ideas,  varied  occasionally  by  suggestions  originating  with  themselves.  As  an 
illustration  of  the  advances  since  made  in  this  direction  we  subjoin  a  cut  of  the  old  Light 
Street  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  built  in  1797.  The  Roman  outlines  of  its  windows 
scarcely  relieve  the  primitive  aspect  of  the  building,  and  we  turn  with  pride  and  some¬ 
what  of  enthusiasm  to  the  magnificent  Gothic  structure  known  as  the  Mount  Vernon 
1  lace  M.  E.  Church,  and  completed  in  1872. 

But  the  desire  for  architectural  adornment  manifested  itself  at  an  early  period  in  the 

f  .  °re-  In  1806  the  foundatioas  of  the  Cathedral,  the  metropolitan  Church 
of  the  Catholics  m  this  country,  were  laid,  and  in  1821  it  was  consecrated.  In  thorough¬ 
ness  of  design  and  substantial  workmanship  it  has  no  superior  in  the  United  States.  It  is 
located  at  the  corner  of  Cathedral  and  Mulberry  Streets,  an  elevated  portion  of  the  City, 
and  is  an  unfailing  source  of  admiration  to  all  who  visit  Baltimore.  It  approaches  nearer 
the  Roman  style  of  architecture  than  any  other,  in  its  construction,  though  the  architect 
k  not  permit  himself  to  be  circumscribed  by  the  limits  of  a  particular  school.  It  is 
ui  t  in  the  form  o.  a  cross.  The  immense  Dome  suggesting  grandeur,  while  the  massive 


THE  OLD  LIGHT  STREET  M.  E.  CHURCH 


MOUNT  VERNON  PLACE  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH. 

Dixon  &  Cabson,  Architects,  Baltimore. 

St.  Paul’s  Church,  at  the  corner  of  Charles  and  Saratoga  streets,  a  fair  specimen  of  the 
Romanesque  or  Lombardic,  by  its  uniqueness  of  design  gives  variety  to  our  church 
architecture. 


The  Monumental  City, 


pillars  and  towering  arches  are  indicative  of  a  strength  and  durability,  calculated  to  defy 
the  insidious  ravages  of  time  for  many  generations.  The  interior  of  the  Cathedral  is  pro¬ 
fusely  decorated  with  paintings  of  rare  merit,  and  its  vaulted  recesses  by  the  manifold 
vibrations  they  create,  have  given  it  a  national  reputation  for  acoustic  properties. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  67 } 

In  point  of  beauty,  exquisite  finish  and  faithful  adherence  to  scientific  principles  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church,  at  the  corner  of  Madison  and  Park  streets,  stands  alone.  It  is 
built  in  the  Pointed  Gothic  Style,  of  a  very  richly  colored  freestone  from  the  quarries  of 
Hew  Brunswick.  The  ornamentation  though  simple  is  highly  wrought  and  the  perfect 
symmetry  and  grace  of  its  numerous  spires,  and  in  fact  of  every  portion  of  the  edifice  will 
challenge  comparison  with  any  similar  effort  at  home  or  abroad.  The  eye  dwells  upon 
its  bold  but  comely  outlines  with  ever  increasing  delight,  and  the  citizen  evinces  a  legiti¬ 
mate  pride  in  a  structure  which  is  at  once  a  triumph  in  architecture,  and  a  memorial  of  the 
taste  of  Baltimoreans. 

Among  the  churches  possessing  claims  to  notice  for  architectural  finish  may  be  mentioned 
the  Independent  Methodist  Church  at  the  corner  of  Lexington  and  Calhoun  Streets,  and 
the  Eutaw  Place  Baptist  Church— both  of  them  modified  specimens  of  Gothic  Architecture. 

But  the  spirit  of  improvement  in  the  science  of  architecture,  has  not  been  confined  to 
the  embellishment  of  churches.  Many  of  our  public  buildings  give  evidences  of  marked 
progress  in  this  respect.  The  City  Hall,  now  approaching  completion  in  the  heart  of  the 
City  is  a  magnificent  marble  structure,  the  design  of  which  is  in  accordance  with  the 
Roman  style,  very  materially  modified  by  modern  innovations,  of  which  the  French  roof 
is  a  prominent  feature.  The  marble  was  obtained  from  the  quarries  near  the  City,  and 
dressed  in  the  vicinity  of  the  building  by  Baltimore  stone  cutters.  The  City  Hall,  when 
finished,  will  be  one  of  the  handsomest  and  most  imposing  edifices  in  this  country,  and 
will  reflect  credit  on  our  City,  the  materials  for  its  construction,  to  the  minutest  item, 
having  been  obtained  within  the  limits  of  the  State,  and  the  work  upon  it,  having  been 
done  altogether  by  the  artisans  of  Baltimore. 

The  Baltimore  City  Jail,  a  massive  granite  structure,  Romanesque  in  its  outlines,  combines 
with  usefulness  and  durability  all  the  most  attractive  features  of  that  impressive  style  of 
architecture,  and  may  be  cited  as  a  model  for  the  erection  of  prison  buildings,  an  experience 
of  fifteen  years  having  demonstrated  as  well  its  security  as  its  thorough  sanitary  properties. 

The  Masonic  Temple,  on  Charles  street,  and  the  Young  Men’s  Christian  Association 
Building,  to  be  constructed  at  the  corner  of  Charles  and  Saratoga  streets,  the  one  of  white 
marble,  the  other  of  pressed  brick,  with  freestone  dressings,  are  distinctive  types  of  what 
may  be  termed  American  Architecture.  Their  outlines  are  referable  to  no  received  schools, 
but  embrace  features  which  resemble  in  some  respects  the  leading  characteristics  both  of 
Grecian  and  Romanesque  styles,  so  blended  with  modern  principles  of  construction  and 
originality  of  design,  as  to  puzzle  the  student  pertinaciously  bent  upon  adding  to  his  class¬ 
ical  knowledge,  but  none  the  less  interesting  and  attractive  to  the  general  public  on  that 
account.  The  United  States  Custom  House  and  Court  House  are  both  substantial  buildings, 
the  one  located  for  convenience  at  the  corner  of  Gay  and  Second  streets,  in  the  business 
heart  of  the  city,  and  the  other  at  the  corner  of  Fayette  and  North  streets,  in  close  prox¬ 
imity  to  the  offices  of  the  members  of  the  Bar  and  the  State  Courts  of  Justice. 

In  addition  to  the  above  there  are  many  other  public  buildings  of  prominence,  a  very 
large  number  of  which  are  built  entirely  of  white  marble,  inexhaustible  supplies  of  this 
material  lying  within  easy  access  of  the  city  and  procurable  at  rates  which  make  it 
specially  desirable  for  building  purposes. 

Any  reference  to  the  architecture  of  Baltimore  would  be  incomplete,  without  an  allusion 
to  the  dwelling  houses  of  her  citizens.  In  traversing  some  cities,  a  feeling  of  oppressive¬ 
ness  steals  over  the  traveller  which  he  strives  in  vain  to  overcome.  The  streets  are 
methodically  laid  out,  the  houses  neat,  regularly  built,  and  uniform  in  appearance,  and 
the  stranger  instinctively  looks  within  himself  for  an  explanation  of  his  dullness.  This 
feeling  is  easily  accounted  for.  Nature  abhors  equality  and  similitude.  This  very 
uniformity  produces  a  sensation  of  weariness.  A  street  may  be  lined  on  either  side  for 
miles  with  handsome  residences,  but  if  they  are  of  the  same  size,  built  exactly  alike,  with 
similar  door-heads,  windows,  shutters,  cornices,  and  roofs,  the  effect  is  necessarily  monoto- 
5 


68 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 

nous,  and  when  to  this  is  added  an  indefinite  number  of  streets,  counterparts  of  the  one 
described  above,  we  cease  to  wonder  at  the  tiresome  impression  created.  Baltimore  is 
certainly  as  free  from  this  fault  'as  any  city  in  the  United  States.  While  the  streets  in 
many  portions  of  the  city  are  lined  with  costly  and  elegant  dwellings,  there  is  generally 
sufficient  variety  in  the  mode  of  construction,  and  external  adornment  to  attract  attention 
and  insure  interest,  and  the  numerous  cottages  which  dot  the  sides  of  our  thoroughfares 
especially  in  the  sections  recently  built,  impart  a  charm  to  the  landscape  which  must  be 
seen  to  be  appreciated. 

It  is  proverbially  said  that  Republics  are  ungrateful,  and  the  adage  earns  confirmation 
from  the  spectacle  presented  to-day  in  the  Capital  of  the  Country.  A  huge  mass  of  marble 
rises  out  of  the  mud-flats  on  the  Potomac  river.  Misshapen,  unfinished  and  gradually 
settling  in  the  ooze  upon  which  its  foundations  are  laid,  it  is  rather  a  monument  to  the 
bad  taste  of  the  American  people,  or  their  representatives,  and  the  lukewarmness  with 
which  they  regard  their  great  benefactors,  than  a  memorial  of  him  who  was  “first  in 
peace,  first  in  war,  and  first  in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen.”  For  more  than  twenty 
years  the  most  strenuous  efforts  have  been  made  by  the  patriotic  people  of  the  United 
States  of  both  sexes  to  complete  this  marble  column  in  honor  of  him  whom  the  world 
calls  great,  but  the  shaft  has  scarcely  risen  above  the  foundations. 

1  he  vividness  of  the  contrast  presented  by  the  action  of  our  own  people  fairly  entitles 
Baltimore  to  be  styled  “  The  Monumental  City,”  a  name  by  which  she  is  known  both  at 
home  and  abroad,  and  of  which  she  is  justly  proud.  In  1809,  while  the  City  was  yet  in 
swaddling  clothes,  a  number  of  well-known  citizens  were  empowered  by  the  Legislature  of 
Maryland  to  erect  in  Baltimore  a  Monument  to  George  Washington.  It  was  to  have 
been  built  upon  the  spot  where  the  Battle  Monument  now  stands,  but  the  breaking  out 
of  the  war  between  this  country  and  Great  Britain  soon  absorbed  public  attention,  and 
the  project  w  as  held  in  abeyance  until  hostilities  had  ceased.  In  the  meantime  the  City 
had  been  saved  from  destruction  by  the  Battle  of  North  Point,  and  the  heroism  of  those 
who  had  fallen  in  that  memorable  action  was  fresh  in  the  minds  of  the  citizens.  To 
honor  their  memories  appeared  as  natural  as  commendable  to  Baltimoreans,  and  the 
echoes  of  the  guns  had  scarcely  died  away  ere  a  petition  was  circulated  by  the  Committee 
of  Safety  soliciting  subscriptions  for  this  purpose.  All  classes  contributed  freely,  and  in 

1815  the  Battle  Monument”  was  reared  in  the  centre  of  the  space  now  known  as  Monu¬ 
ment  Square. 

^  This  necessitated  a  change  of  location  for  the  Washington  Monument,  and  Col.  John 
Eager  Howard,  distinguished  as  an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  subsequently 
Governor  of  Maryland,  offered  the  Commissioners  as  much  land  as  was  needed  about  the 
crest  of  the  hill  now  known  as  Mount  Yernon  Place,  but  which  was  at  that  time  covered 
with  forest  trees.  In  those  days  t  was  customary  to  make  use  of  lotteries  to  secure  the 
necessary  funds  for  the  prosecution  of  public  enterprises,  a  rather  questionable  expedient 
in  the  light  ^  of  modern  ideas  of  morality.  Churches  and  buildings  for  secular  purposes 
were  alike  indebted  to  the  blind  goddess.  It  was  thus  that  much  of  the  money  was 
raised  for  the  completion  of  the  Washington  Monument. 

The  corner-stone  was  laid  with  appropriate  ceremonies  on  the  4th  of  July,  1815,  and 
the  statue,  representing  Washington  resigning  his  commission,  was  placed  in  position 
October  19tli,  1829.  The  Monument  is  a  graceful  Doric  column  built  of  white  marble. 
The  base  is  50  feet  square  and  24  feet  high,  and  the  column  is  164  feet  in  height.  The 
whole  structure  rises  to  an  elevation  of  over  280  feet  above  tide- water,  and  from  its  top  can 
be  obtained  a  view  which  for  beauty,  variety  and  extent  is  seldom  equalled. 

At  the  base  of  this  memorial  lies  the  Monumental  City,  a  picture,  the  inequalities  of 
1  s°ftf  n®d  ky  the  distance  of  the  spectator,  and  whose  attractive  features  are  beau¬ 

tifully  blended  by  its  subtle  enchantment,— to  the  south,  the  Patapsco  rolls  on  to  the 


WASHINGTON  MONUMENT 


70 


The  Monumental  City, 


stately  Chesapeake,  land-locked  and  obstructed  by  many  a  rudely  jutting  point  from  the 
adjacent  County  of  Anne  Arundel,  or  the  low-browed  shores  on  the  opposite  side, — to  the 
west,  the  hills,  gathering  strength  as  they  recede,  rise  one  above  another  until  a  lofty  spur 
of  the  Blue  Ridge  marks  the  horizon,  and  its  azure  lines  shut  out  the  scene  beyond, — to 
the  north  and  east  the  beautiful  villas  and  smiling  valleys  of  Baltimore  County  are  seen 
in  numbers — the  whole  forming  a  gorgeous  panorama  which  the  visitor  once  contem¬ 
plating  will  not  easily  forget. 


WILDEY  MONUMENT, 


BROADWAY. 


Baltimore  has  other  claims  to  the  title  mentioned  above.  On  the  26th  of  April,  1865, 
the  Odd  Fellows’  Monument,  an  unique  structure  surmounted  by  a  Grecian  Doric  column’ 
the  whole  52  feet  in  height,  was  dedicated  to  Thomas  Wildey,  the  founder  of  the  Order  of 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources,  71 

Odd  Fellows  in  America.  The  Monument  is  on  Broadway,  above  Baltimore  Street,  and 
is  a  very  handsome  ornament  to  the  eastern  section  of  the  City. 

The  W ells  and  McComas  Monument  has  been  erected  in  Ashland  Square  to  the  memory 
of  the  two  young  men  who  are  popularly  supposed  to  have  slain  General  Ross,  the 
commander  of  the  British  troops  in  the  battle  of  North  Point,  contributing  thereby  very 
greatly  to  the  defeat  of  the  invaders,  though  neither  of  them  lived  to  learn  the  service  they 
had  rendered  to  their  native  City. 

In  America  the  taste  for  Painting  and  Sculpture  has  not  proportionately  developed  with 
her  material  advancement.  While  in  the  number,  variety  and  usefulness  of  her  discove¬ 
ries  and  inventions,  the  United  States  has  surpassed  every  other  enlightened  nation,  she 
has  never  ceased  to  pay  tribute  to  Europeans  in  the  matter  of  the  Fine  Arts.  This  does 
not  arise  so  much  from  the  want  of  talent  among  our  people  as  from  the  morbid  national 
tendency  to  sacrifice  the  ideal  to  the  desire  of  gain,  and  the  absence  of  that  higher  class  in 
our  midst  upon  whose  patronage  and  wealth,  Art  has  always  been  completely  dependent. 
Thus  in  almost  every  instance  where  native  artists  have  attained  eminence  it  has  been 
secured  under  the  fostering  influence  of  a  more  congenial  clime  and  accompanied  by  the 
aid  and  countenance  of  persons  other  than  Americans. 

In  matters  of  art  Baltimore  has  made  much  unostentatious  progress,  and  to  day  there 
are  collections  of  pictures,  growing  little  by  little,  in  the  possession  of  some  of  her  citizens, 
which  promise  within  the  near  future  to  assume  proportions  of  national  interest.  Mr. 
William  T.  Walters  is  the  owner  of  one  which  is  codeeded  to  be  the  finest  in  the  United 
States.  Colonel  J.  Strieker  Jenkins  comes  next,  with  a  large  and  extremely  valuable 
collection,  a  majority  of  the  pictures  in  which  were  painted  upon  direct  commissions  from 
the  owner  and  not  purchased  when  already  finished  and  in  the  market.  The  most  distin¬ 
guished  names  in  contemporary  art  are  to  be  found  in  it.  There  are  several  other  promi¬ 
nent  collectors,  foremost  among  whom  may  be  mentioned  Mr.  John  King,  Jr.,  Vice 
President  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad ;  Mr.  George  R.  Vickers,  a  retired  merchant; 
Mr.  Samuel  S.  Early,  a  Baltimore  editor,  formerly  of  Terra  Haute,  Indiana ;  Mr.  B.  F. 
Newcomer,  Mr.  D.  L.  Bartlett,  Dr.  George  Reuling,  and  others. 

Mr.  Walters’  collection  is  a  remarkable  one  in  many  respects — in  the  pictures  that  it 
contains,  the  history  of  their  acquisition,  and  the  extreme  beauty  of  the  gallery,  which  for 
graceful  design,  appropriateness  to  its  purpose  and  costliness  of  material,  is  not  anywhere 
equalled  in  this  country.  It  is  situated  in  the  rear  of  Mr.  Walter’s  elegant  city  residence 
on  Mount  Vernon  Place,  and  the  several  years  occupied  in  its  construction  have  been 
amply  repaid.  Nothing  could  be  more  charming  than  the  beautiful  spectacle  that  it 
presents  or  the  effect  conveyed  by  the  warm  neutrality  of  its  tapestry,  fresco,  woodwork, 
and  carpeting  in  contrast  with  the  brilliant  kaleidoscope  of  art  treasures  that  hang  on  its 
walls.  Among  the  artists  represented  the  following  are  noted  at  random  from  the  differ¬ 
ent  schools:  Delaroche,  Meissonnier,  Gerome,  Frere  (Edouard),  Jalabert,  Rousseau, 
Breton,  Vibert,  Plassan,  Calame,  Corot,  Willems,  Gallait,  Jaique,  Zeim,  Bonlieur,  Bida, 
Hamon,  Gleyre,  Lasalle,  Dargelas,  Des  Goffes,  Odier,  St.  Jean,  Tissot,  Chavet,  Landelle, 
Breton  (E.),  Merle,  Duverger,  Prever,  Hubner,  Troyon,  Van  Marcke,  Weber,  Muller 
Bischoff,  Leutze,  Achenbach,  Hiddeman,  Heilbuth,  Fichel,  Kensett,  Hart,  Durand,  Wood- 
ville,  Stevens,  Johnston,  Richards,  Church,  Lambert,  Trayer,  Jacovacci,  Herring,  &c. 

In  Colonel  Jenkins’  collection  must  be  noted  several  remarkable  pictures  by  such  artists 
as  Jalabert,  Jourdan,  Bouguereau,  Schreyer,  Delort,  Plassan,  Brillouin,  Piot,  Beranger, 
Castres,  •  Caille,  Escosura,  Baugniet,  Grandchamps,  Boulanger,  Bakalowicz,  Arnold, 
Chavet,  Fichel,  Castan,Toulmouche,  Pecrus,  Herbsthoffer,  Coomas,  Comte-Calix,  Seignac, 
Antigua,  Billotte,  Baron,  Van  Schendel,  Hamon,  Lemmens,  Robbe,  Coutourier,  Frere, 
Kensett,  Hart,  Gray,  Baker,  Huntingdon,  Elliott,  Rossiter,  Benson,  Gifford,  Casilear, 
Richards,  Boughton,  Lambdin,  Durand,  Church,  &c.  All  these  are  of  the  highest  order 


72 


The  Monumental  City, 

of  merit  and  have,  many  of  them,  a  reputation  that  extends  not  only  to  all  American  art 
collectors,  but  also  to  those  of  European  capitals. 

Among  native  artists  who,  by  reason  of  the  reputation  universally  accorded  them, 
deserve  special  notice  may  be  mentioned  the  sculptor,  William  H.  Rinehart.  Mr.  Rine¬ 
hart  was  born  in  Carroll  County,  Maryland,  and  began  life  as  a  stone  cutter.  He  soon 
developed  an  extraordinary  talent  for  sculpture,  and  through  the  kindness  of  friends  was- 


MASONIC  TEMPLE. 

enabled  to  pursue  his  studies  in  Italy,  “the  cradle  of  the  Muses.”  His  early  promise  has 
been  more  than  realized.  He  has  won  for  himself  a  proud  place  among  living  sculptors, 
and  as  has  been  justly  said,  “  the  State  owes  him  much  for  the  reflected  honor  of  his  well 
earned  reputation.”  His  works  are  numerous  and  many  of  them  adorn  the  dwellings  and 
grounds  of  Baltimore’s  wealthy  citizens.  Among  them  may  be  mentioned  the  statue  of 


73 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Eesources. 

“Clytie,” — regarded  by  the  artist  himself  as  his  chef-d'oeuvre — which  was  purchased 
recently  by  our  public  spirited  townsman,  Mr.  John  W.  McCoy,  and  presented  by  him  to 
the  Peabody  Institute,  where  it  is  placed  in  an  elegant  and  appropriate  setting,  and  by  the 
terms  of  the  gift  is  accessible  to  the  public,  at  all  times,  without  charge ;  the  statue  of 
Chief  Justice  Taney,  lately  unveiled  in  Annapolis,  the  capital  of  the  State;  the  Woman  of 
Samaria,  in  possession  of  Mr.  Wm.  T.  Walters;  the  Bronze  Door  to  the  Capitol  at  Wash¬ 
ington;  the  Monumental  Female  Figure,  in  bronze,  in  Greenmount  Cemetery;  a  beautiful 
group  of  Sleeping  Babes,  in  marble,  in  the  same  Cemetery ;  “  Christ — I  am  the  Resurrec¬ 
tion  and  the  Life” — with  the  Angel  of  the  Resurrection,  in  Loudon  Park  Cemetery;  and 
a  host  of  minor  productions  which  display  as  well  the  fertility  of  his  genius  as  his  perfect 
taste  and  marked  merit. 

An  annual  exhibition  and  sale  of  paintings  in  this  City,  begun  in  1871  and  continued 
since  that  time,  has  brought  to  light  a  number  of  artists,  evidencing  that  if  Painting  has 
not  reached  its  highest  development,  a  talent  for  it  has  at  least  been  very  generally  diffused 
in  our  community.  These  exhibitions  bear  testimony  both  to  the  ability  and  versatility 
of  Baltimore  artists.  Among  those  who  deserve  mention  for  a  creditable  degree  of  talent 
maybe  cited  Mrs.  S.  Schwing,  her  “Marguerite”  and  “Hero  and  Leander”  having  re¬ 
ceived  the  commendations  of  the  critics  and  press  generally ;  A.  Quartley,  whose  Coast 
Scenes  are  very  much  admired:  A.  J.  H.  Way,  a  very  able  and  painstaking  painter  of 
Still-Life  Studies;  and  H.  Bolton  Jones,  some  of  whose  Landscapes  are  an  earnest  what  the 
public  may  anticipate  in  the  tutu  re. 

The  rare  opportunities  offered  by  the  extension  of  the  Peabody  Institute  and  the 
enlargement  of  its  sphere  of  usefulness  will  make  Baltimore,  at  no  distant  period,  a  very 
desirable  location  for  artists  who  are  pursuing  their  studies,  while  the  encouiagement  given 
by  one  of  the  Clubs,  the  Allston,  has  also  a  most  beneficial  tendency. 

Already  the  example  set  by  Mr.  McCoy  has  borne  fruits.  Mr.  George  S.  Brown,  a 
prominent  banker  of  Baltimore,  presented  to  the  Peabody  recently  two  statues,  Pocahontas 
and  Yenus,  possessing  great  merit,  and  the  prospect  is  that  before  long  the  Institute  will 
be  able  to  form  an  Art  Gallery  of  no  mean  pretensions. 

The  Bar  op  Maryland  has  ever  been  renowned  for  the  standing  and  ability  of  its 
members.  When  Baltimore  was  but  an  overgrown  village  the  adjacent  counties  of  Anne 
Arundel  and  Harford  were  known  all  over  the  country  through  the  prominence  of  their 
lawyers — in  fact,  the  revolutionary  struggle  was  barely  at  an  end  when  Luther  Martin, 
towering  over  his  fellows  by  his  massive  intellect  and  legal  acumen,  became  the  leader  of 
his  profession  in  the  young  but  vigorous  Republic,  and  maintained  this  proud  position 
against  all  competitors,  until  disease  prostrated  those  powers  which  had  been  the  admira¬ 
tion  of  the  thirteen  colonies.  In  those  early  days  the  names  of  Dulany,  Chase  and  Johnson 
were  household  words  in  our  State.  They  were  as  noted  for  their  sterling  integrity,  as  for 
their  standing  at  the  Bar. 

William  Pinkney,  whom  Chief  Justice  Marshall  styled  the  greatest  of  American  lawyers 
was  a  contemporary  of  Luther  Martin.  His  great  talents  were  publicly  recognized  by 
his  appointment  as  Minister  to  the  Court  of  St.  J ames,  and  his  efforts  subsequently  in  the 
Senate  of  the  United  States  made  it  matter  of  profound  national  regret  that  his  taking  off 
in  the  flower  of  his  life  so  abruptly  terminated  his  services  to  his  country. 

During  the  professional  career  of  Pinkney,  Baltimore  began  to  lose  somewhat  of  its 
provincial  character,  and  with  its  growth  came  gradually  the  concentration  in  our  city  of 
the  legal,  talent  of  the  State.  William  Wirt,  a  native  of  Maryland,  but  by  adoption  a 
Virginian,  sought  here  a  wider  field  for  the  display  of  his  wonderful  genius  as  did  also 
Robert  Goodloe  Harper,  and  the  encounters  between  these  intellectual  athletes  have  tar¬ 
nished  rich  material  for  the  essayists  and  biographers  of  the  present  day. 


74 


The  Monumental  City, 


But  the  line  of  distinguished  lawyers  did  not  stop  with  Pinkney  and  his  contemporaries. 
Their  mantle  fell  upon  the  shoulders  of  such  men  as  Chief  Justice  Taney,  the  great  Chris- 
tian  jurist,  and  John  Nelson,  the  fiery  Templar  of  modern  jurisprudence;  the  one  a 
beautiful  exemplar  of  that  justice  which  the  storms  of  passion,  prejudice  and  unreasoning 
malice  were  powerless  to  change,  the  other  the  advocate,  whose  eloquence  like  a  torrent, 
swept  everything  before  it,  and  whose  versatility  of  genius  made  him  equally  at  home  in 
the  Cabinet  of  the  Nation  or  the  Courts  of  Princes.  Nor  must  the  name  of  John  Y.  L. 
McMahon  be  omitted.  His  herculean  efforts  in  behalf  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad 
have  forever  linked  his  name  with  that  corporation,  while  many  of  the  gems  which 
adorned  his  popular  speeches  are  unwittingly  used  at  the  present  day  to  round  a  period  or 
give  force  to  an  otherwise  pointless  speech. 

Reverdy  Johnson,  a  native  of  the  City  of  Annapolis,  is  to-day  confessedly  the  leader 
of  the  Baltimore  Bar,  and  without  a  peer  in  the  United  States.  His  knowledge  is  profound, 
his  reason  singularly  analytic  and  his  conclusions  marked  by  a  clearness  and  accuracy 
which  give  to  them  the  force  of  judicial  decisions.  The  reputation  of  Mr.  Johnson  is  not 
ciicumscribed  by  national  boundaries.  He  is  well  and  favorably  known  in  Europe  as  in 
America.  He  has  held  in  turn  the  offices  of  Cabinet  Minister,  United  States  Senator  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  and  Envoy  Extraordinary  to  Great  Britain,  and  in  each  of  these 
capacities  has  demonstrated  his  right  to  the  proud  eminence  he  has  attained  as  the  great 
expounder  of  constitutional  law.  Mr.  Johnson  to-day,  at  an  advanced  age,  is  as  vigorous 
m  mind  and  body  as  when  in  the  prime  of  life,  and  is  justly  revered  by  his  fellow-citizens 
who  feel  themselves  to  a  certain  extent  sharers  in  the  honor  he  has  reflected  upon  his 
native  State  and  the  City  of  Baltimore. 

We  have  simply  spoken  of  those  members  of  the  Bar  whom  the  world  has  known,  and 

each  one  of  whom  was  princeps  inter  pares  in  his  day  and  generation.  There  were  many 

others  who  added  lustre  to  the  galaxy  named  above,  and  who  aided  materially  in  building 

up  the  reputation  of  the  Baltimore  Bar  and  giving  to  it  that  high  tone  which  is  at  this 

present  writing  its  most  cherished  feature.  That  there  is  no  likelihood  of  degeneration  in  the 

future,  might  be  shown  by  the  number  of  gentlemen  whose  names  are  already  well  known 

to  t  le  countiy.  The  Library  of  the  Baltimore  Bar  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  carefully 

selected  m  America,  containing  in  addition  to  the  reports  from  the  different  States  in  the 

Union,  reports  of  all  the  leading  cases  adjudicated  in  Great  Britain  and  on  the  continent 
of  Europe. 

„  The  W  ?epartmen,t  °f  !he  University  of  Maryland  is  furnished  with  an  excellent 
craps  of  Piofessors  and  its  influence  and  efficiency  are  becoming  more  apparent  every 

The  Science  of  Medicine  has  made  decided  advances  in  the  last  half  century.  A  corps 
of  tireless  workers  have  watched,  noted  and  compared  results  in  the  squalid  huts  of 
poverty  and  amid  the  poisoned  air  of  the  pest-house.  With  dauntless  courage  they  have 
stood  between  the  pestilence  and  humanity  and  though  not  always  victorious  they  have 
faithfully  used  all  the  weapons  which  scientific  research  could  furnish,  and  if  nothing 
more,  like  true  sentinels  have  fallen  in  their  armor  and  at  their  posts.  Statistics  have  been 
compiled  from  which  reliable  inferences  can  be  drawn,  and  a  hospital  system  perfected 
that  has  gone  far  to  alleviate  the  sufferings  of  the  sick  and  has  saved  many  lives  which 
would  have  been  sacrificed  heretofore  by  neglect  or  inexperience. 

The  Medical  men  of  this  State  have  not  been  behind  their  brethren  elsewhere  in  their 
contributions  to  the  common  cause.  The  names  of  Littlejohn,  Brown,  Mackenzie' 
Donaldson  and  Buckler,  are  household  words  and  their  memories  are  revered  by  the 
descendants  of  those  whom  they  so  well  and  truly  served  s  J  3 

Appreciating  the  importance  of  united  effort  for  the  public  good,  as  early  as  1799,  they 
organized  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,”  and  by  an  act  of  incorpo¬ 
ration  were  made  examiners  of  all  who  desired  to  practice  the  healing  art,  thus  showing 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Kesources 


75 


their  recognition  of  the  need  of  the  highest  intelligence  and  most  careful  preparation  as 
prerequisites  for  the  successful  physician.  This  Society  is  still  in  existence,  and  the  sug¬ 
gestions  thrown  out  at  its  semi-annual  meetings  through  the  medium  of  scientific  discus- 
<  sions  and  essays  are  of  value  to  the  profession. 

The  University  of  Maryland  was  incorporated  in  1812.  A  handsome  building  was 
erected  and  a  full  corps  of  Professors  secured.  Like  similar  institutions  in  this  country,  it 
had  its  early  struggles,  and  not  until  1827  were  its  advantages  generally  recognized  by  the 
public.  Among  many  eminent  men  who  have  taught  within  its  walls  some  have  acquired 
a  world-wide  reputation,  as  for  instance  Granville  Sharpe  Pattison  and  Robley  Dunglison, 
but  to  no  one  is  the  school  more  indebted  for  its  standing  than  to  Nathan  Ryno  Smith. 
Professor  Smith,  son  of  the  celebrated  surgeon  of  that  name  at  Yale  College,  was  elected 
to  the  Chair  of  Surgery  in  the  Maryland  University  in  1827.  Possessed  of  abilities  which 


FIRST  BAPTIST  CHURCH. 


would  have  distinguished  him  in  any  path  of  life,  it  may  be  regarded  as  fortunate  for  the 
world  that  he  selected  medicine  as  his  profession.  His  acceptance  of  a  chair  in  the 
University  infused  new  energy  into  the  institution  and  the  reputation  which  he  soon 
earned  as  one  of  the  most  daring  and  skillful  Surgeons  in  the  country,  attracted  students 
from  all  parts  of  the  South  and  West,  and  frequently  from  States  lying  North  of  Maryland. 
Dr.  Smith,  combined  with  wonderful  energy  and  great  experience,  unusual  originality  and 
the  world  is  indebted  to  him  for  the  invention  of  instruments  for  lithotomy  and  fracture 
by  means  of  which  much  suffering  has  been  prevented  and  many  lives  saved.  For  more 
than  forty  years  he  has  pursued  his  professional  career  with  unwearied  steps  and  constantly 
increasing  usefulness.  In  1867  he  visited  Europe  and  was  the  recipient  of  the  most 
flattering  attentions  from  Physicians  and  Scientists  of  distinction.  It  rarely  happens  to 
the  lot  of  professional  men  to  receive  such  honors  while  yet  alive,  but  Dr.  Smith,  at  a  ripe 


76 


The  Monumental  City, 

old  age,  has  universally  accorded  to  him  the  proud  title,  the  Chief  of  American  Surgeons.* 
Although  he  has  retired  from  the  University  his  example  and  influence  still  stimulate  his 
younger  brethren  who  are  so  successfully  sustaining  the  reputation  of  the  School. 

The  success  of  the  Maryland  University  encouraged  our  enterprising  physicians  to 
undertake  an  institution  of  similar  character.  In  1867,  a  favorable  moment  for  the  estab* 
lishment  of  a  second  Medical  College,  the  Medical  Department  of  Washington  University 
was  reorganized  in  this  city.  The  zeal  and  ability  displayed  by  the  Faculty  in  the  incul¬ 
cation  of  the  mysteries  of  the  healing  art”  have  been  rewarded  with  unusual  success. 
The  reputation  of  the  Institution  has  kept  pace  with  their  efforts,  and  is  now  national.  The 
course  of  instruction  is  thorough  and  comprehensive,  embracing  all  the  branches  com¬ 
monly  taught  in  such  Colleges.  Adjoining  the  School  is  a  large  Hospital,  under  the 
exclusive  control  of  the  Faculty,  where  students  may  witness  at  the  bed-side  the  practical 
illustration  of  what  is  theoretically  taught  in  the  lecture-room. 

Within  a  recent  period  another  competitor  in  the  race  for  professional  honors  has  been 
added  to  the  list— the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons.  Its  Professors  are  young  men 
of  high  culture,  who  are  determined  by  earnest  work  to  make  up  for  any  advantage  that 
age  may  have  given  its  rivals.  Latterly,  a  number  of  diseases  particularly  belonging  to 
the  domain  of  Surgery  have  been  so  developed  by  the  discoveries  of  the  Microscope, 
Opthalmoscope,  &c.,  that  specialists  have  devoted  themselves  exclusively  to  their  study 
and  treatment.  In  addition  to  the  medical  schools  proper,  these  correlative  institutions 
have  been  established  in  our  City,  and  are  presided  over  by  as  distinguished  and  capable 
Occulists  and  Aurists  as  can  be  found  elsewhere. 

Chemistry  and  Pharmacy  are  so  nearly  allied  to  Medicine  that  wherever  the  one 
Department  is  found  in  healthy  growth  the  advance  of  the  other  may  be  safely  predicted* 
Ihe  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy  was  established  in  1841,  under  the  presidency  of  the 
veteran  pharmaceutist,  George  W.  Andrews.  This  institution  has  an  excellent  reputation. 
Its  diplomas  are  as  valuable  as  those  granted  by  any  similar  institution  in  the  country. 

t  will  thus  be  seen  that  in  all  that  enters  into  the  practical  value,  scientific  resources 

ana  efficient  teaching  of  Medicine  and  its  sister  sciences,  Baltimore  offers  superior 
advantages. 


i 

In  one  sense  Dentistky  is  a  modern  science.  That  it  was  known  and  practiced  in 
ancient  Egypt,  is  evident  from  the  discoveries  in  the  Pyramids ;  and  that  a  measure  of 
skill  was  attained,  is  apparent  from  the  remnants  of  workmanship  still  preserved,  but  its 
disappearance  was  as  complete  as  the  passing  away  of  the  Lost  Arts,  and  in  the  eighteenth 
century  practical  Dentistry  had  no  existence.  During  that  period  public  attention  was 
a  racted  to  the  subject,  and  a  number  of  theoretical  treatises  were  written  by  enthusiastic 
physicians..  It  was  not  however  until  the  early  part  of  the  present  century,  that  the  views 
of  its  votaries  assumed  a  practical  direction  sufficient  to  elevate  it  into  a  distinct  science 
America  had  the  honor  of  nursing  it  through  its  infant  struggles,  and  Baltimore  may  with 
propriety  be  called  the  birthplace  of  modern  Dentistry. 

In  1826  the  “Principles  of  Dental  Surgery”  appealed  in  London,  a  work  written  by 
eonard  Koecker,  a  Baltimore  physician.  This  was  followed,  in  1839,  by  the  establish- 
mentm  Baltimore  of  the  “American  Journal  and  Library  of  Dental  Science,”  and  in  1840 
the  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery  ”  was  organized  under  a  charter  granted  by  the 
Legislature  of  Maryland.  Shortly  afterwards  the  great  standard  work  of  Dr.  Chapin  A. 
Hams,  the  “Principles  and  Practice  of  Dental  Surgery,”  made  its  appearance  The 
Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  in  which  Dr.  Harris  was  for  a  number  of  years  a 

he  wo  Td  Tr’  1S,n0*  r'f  ^  °ldeSt>  bUt  if  We  ^  by  results,  one  of  the  best  in 
the  world  Seven  hundred  and  nine  students  have  been  graduated  by  this  institution 

since  its  foundation.  They  are  distributed  pretty  generally  through  the  civilized  por- 

*  W;i‘i”‘Llhe  abo',e>  Prof“8»r  N-  R-  Smith  has  been  called  to  the  Presidency  of  tl  e  Medical  Faculty 
•f  the  Maryland  University,  with  the  title  of  “Emeritus  Professor  of  Surgery.”  7 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources 


77 


tions  of  the  globe,  and  wherever  they  have  located  the  fame  of  their  Alma  Mater  has 
accompanied  them.  Every  Dental  College  in  this  country  contains  in  its  faculty  some 
graduate  of  this  institution,  and  a  large  majority  of  the  Court  Dentists  of  Europe  acknow¬ 
ledge  their  obligations  to  the  same  source.  The  Museum  of  the  College  is,  without  doubt, 
among  the  most  complete  in  the  United  States,  possessing  a  large  and  rare  collection  of 
pathological  specimens,  while  the  course  marked  out  for  the  students  is  very  comprehen- 


SHARP  ST.  M.  E.  CHURCH,  (COLORED,)  BETWEEN  LOMBARD  AND  PRATT  STREETS. 


sive,  embracing  anatomy,  physiology  and  chemistry,  the  lectures  upon  these  subjects  being 
very  full  and  minute. 

Baltimore  took  the  lead  in  this  department  of  science  from  the  first,  and  has  steadily 
maintained  her  position.  The  students  matriculating  in  this  city,  are  not  confined  to  the 
United  States,  but  many  come  from  the  enlightened  centres  of  Europe  to  avail  themselves 
of  the  advantages  which  Baltimore  extends  to  those  desirous  of  acquiring  a  knowledge  of 


78  The  Monumental  City, 

Dentistry.  The  great  advances  made  latterly  in  this  science  would  seem  to  suggest  the 
propriety  of  pursuing  a  similar  course  with  reference  to  other  parts  of  the  human  body. 
By  separating  the  science  of  Medicine  into  distinct  branches  perhaps  the  same  beneficial 
results  might  ensue. 

There  is  a  Dental  College  organized  here,  (to  be  opened  in  the  fall,)  the  faculty  of  which 
embraces  some  of  the  most  prominent  and  distinguished  Practitioners  of  Dentistry  in  the 
city. 

Club-life,  an  almost  universal  feature  of  London  society,  and  extensively  imitated  in 
some  American  cities,  has  received  but  little  encouragement  in  Baltimore.  This  is  due 
possibly  to  the  superior  attractiveness  of  domestic  life  in  our  City.  There  is  small  need 
for  Clubs  where  cultivated  and  refined  society,  divested  of  artificiality,  offers  such  tempting 
inducements.  Clubs  have  been  organized  here,  however,  and  they  will  compare  very 
favorably  with  those  in  other  places. 

The  Maryland  Club,  the  oldest  in  the  City,  was  founded  by  a  number  of  the  most  cul¬ 
tivated  gentlemen  in  the  State  for  the  purpose  of  keeping  alive  a  civilization  in  some 
respects  peculiar,  and  which  was  endangered  by  the  rude  but  vigorous  strides  of  Younp 
America.  It  at  present  numbers  among  its  members  gentlemen  from  all  portions  ol 
Maryland,  and  the  close  communion  thus  established  has  resulted  in  the  perpetuation  oj 
that  traditional  hospitality  of  which  every  true  Marylander  is  proud.  Gentlemen  from  all 
parts  of  the  United  States  and  from  the  centres  of  civilization  in  Europe  have  referred  with 
pleasure  and  somewhat  of  enthusiasm  to  the  courtesies  received  from  its  members. — 
The  Allston  Association  is  more  ambitious.  In  addition  to  thb  amenities  of  social  life  it 
designs  to  inspire  a  taste  for  the  beautiful,  and  with  this  end  in  view  a  series  of  entertain¬ 
ments  are  given  annually  which  combine  the  aesthetic  with  pleasurable  features.  It 
differs  from  “The  Maryland”  also  in  the  fact  that  ladies  may  become  honorary  members 
of  the  Association,  and  a  number  of  the  most  gifted  in  Baltimore  have  availed  themselves 
of  this  privilege. 

The  Baltimore  Club,  recently  organized,  is  a  worthy  competitor  of  the  above,  and 
already  embraces  within  its  membership  many  of  the  leading  gentlemen  in  the  City 

Our  citizens  of  foreign  birth  or  ancestry,  the  Germans,  Irish,  Scotch  and  English  have 
organized  Clubs  which,  aside  from  their  social  characteristics,  have  been  the  means  of 
relieving  much  suffering  and  materially  benefiting  their  brethren  newly  arrived  upon  our 
shores. 

Baltimore  has  always  been  more  remarkable  for  the  social  qualities  of  its  people  than 
for  any  decided  penchant  on  their  part  for  public  amusements.  In  the  past,  the  full 
development  of  the  one  has  measurably  done  away  with  the  necessity  for  the  other.  But 
with  the  enlargement  of  trade  and  commerce  and  the  consequent  addition  to  the  transient 
population  of  the  City  the  taste  for  popular  entertainments  has  greatly  increased.  Ford’s 
Giand  Opera  House,  at  the  corner  of  Fayette  and  Eutaw  Streets,  will  compare  favorably 
with  any  similar  place  of  amusement  in  the  country.  Its  external  finish  is  tasteful,  while 
the  appointments  ot  the  interior  are  luxurious  and  elegant.  The  drawing-room  or  parlor 
on  the  second  floor  is  decorated  by  the  genius  of  the  best  portrait  and  landscape  painters  in 
Baltimore.  The  advantages  of  the  auditorium  are  ample  room,  great  height  of  ceiling* 
and  perfect  optical  and  acoustic  properties.  The  roomy  stage,  numerous  modes  of  exit 
and  massive  strength  of  the  entire  building,  make  it  one  of  the  pleasantest  and  safest 
theatres  to  visit  in  the  United  States. 

Mr.  John  T.  Ford,  to  whose  enterprise  our  City  is  indebted  for  this  creditable  Temple 
ol  the  Muses,  has  further  exerted  himself  to  offer  to  the  public,  entertainments,  both 
operatic  and  dramatic,  the  best  to  be  had.  Holliday  Street  Theatre,  the  Old  Drury  of 


79 


Its  P ast  History  and  Present  Resources. 

Baltimoie,  under  the  management  of  the  same  gentleman,  is  a  cosy  and  pleasant  retreat 
where  the  citizen  or  the  stranger  within  our  gates,  may  be  entertained  for  an  evening  by 
the  latest  novelty  in  the  dramatic  line.  Mr.  Ford  has  shown  himself  to  be  a  public- 
spirited  citizen,  by  the  decided  and  progressive  views  he  has  entertained  and  oftentimes 
enforced  with  reference  to  the  government  of  the  City,  and  by  his  bountiful  charities 
during  periods  of  great  public  distress.  His  Theatres  have  been  surrendered  repeatedly  to 
the  little  ones  in  our  midst,  and  the  wonders  of  the  Arabian  Nights  revealed  to  their 
astonished  and  delighted  gaze,  thereby  setting  an  example  which  has  been  followed 

in  some  of  the  cities  along  the  Atlantic  seaboard  with  great  benefit  to  the  needy  inno¬ 
cents. 

Front  Street  Theatre,  under  the  management  of  its  present  proprietor,  has  catered  with 
commendable  success  to  the  public  taste,  offering  what  is  known  in  dramatic  parlance  as 
a  variety  entertainment,  which  justifies  the  name,  and  the  ever-recurring  novelties  of 
which,  have  won  for  Colonel  Sinn  no  small  reputation  as  a  theatrical  manager. 

The  above  are  the  most  prominent  places  of  entertainment  in  our  City.  An  Academy 
of  Music  is  now  being  erected  on  Howard  Street,  under  the  auspices  of  a  stock  company, 
composed  of  our  most  eminent  and  influential  citizens.  The  location  is  central  and 
admirably  suited  for  the  enterprise.  It  will  be  built  under  the  direction  of  a  committee 
selected  because  of  their  peculiar  fitness,  and  will  doubtless  prove  a  powerful  auxiliary  in 
the  future  progress  of  Baltimore. 

The  Maryland  State  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Association  was  incorpo¬ 
rated  in  1867.  It  was  simply  the  revival  of  a  Society  which  had  existed  for  many  years 
prior  to  the  civil  war  and  which  numbered  among  its  members  many  of  the  first  men  in 
Maryland.  Appropriations  were  made  both  by  the  State  and  City,  and  the  grounds  at 
Pimlico  on  the  outskirts  of  the  City  were  purchased  for  the  use  of  the  Association.  Situ¬ 
ated  in  the  heart  .of  a  beautiful  country  and  accessible  to  the  public  through  the  railways 
and  delightful  county  roads,  perhaps  a  better  location  could  not  have  been  selected  in  the 
vicinity  of  Baltimore.  The  grounds  were  carefully  laid  out  and  proper  buildings  erected 
for  the  convenience  of  exhibitors  and  the  purposes  of  the  Society.  The  Annual  Exhibi¬ 
tions  which  take  place  usually  in  October,  have  steadily  increased  in  popularity  and 
excellence,  and  have  begotten  a  very  decided  improvement  in  husbandry  throughout  the 
State.  The  leading  farmers,  and  merchants,  are  thus  brought  together  and  the  community 
of  intercourse'  established,  produces  a  reciprocity  of  sentiment  which  cannot  fail  to  be 
advantageous  to  both  classes  of  our  citizens. 

Marylanders  from  a  very  early  date  have  evidenced  a  decided  taste  for  out-of-doors 
sports.  The  State  was  among  the  first  to  import  the  race  horse  from  England,  and  fox¬ 
hunting,  racing  and  field  sports  generally,  were  almost  as  familiar  to  those  who  became 
distinguished  in  olden  times  as  were  the  means  whereby  they  raised  themselves  to  emi¬ 
nence.  For  many  years  Maryland  horses  bore  off  their  full  share  of  honors  from  the 
numerous  contests  which  took  place  in  different  parts  of  the  country  and  care  was  exercised 
by  the  farmers  and  planters  in  rearing  the  best  specimens  of  this  noble  animal. 

For  some  unexplained  reason,  racing  fell  into  disrepute,  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  no 
organized  Jockey  Club  existed  in  the  State.  Mr.  Sanford, -the  winner  of  the  Saratoga  Cup 
at  the  Saratoga  race  meeting  in  1868,  gave  a  dinner  immediately  thereafter  to  eight  persons. 
Among  the  invited  guests  was  Governor  Oden  Bowie,  of  Maryland.  The  conversation 
at  table  drifted  to  the  establishment  of  races  on  a  firm  and  reputable  basis,  to  be  presided 
over  by  gentlemen  and  from  which,  fraud  and  rascality,  so  often  in  the  past  unpleasant 
concomitants  of  the  course,  should  be  banished.  It  was  proposed  during  the  dinner  that 
each  of  those  present  should  subscribe  $1,000  to  make  up  a  stake  for  the  Fall  of  1870.  The 


80 


The  Monumental  City, 


proposition  was  enthusiastically  adopted  and  the  subscriptions  closed  In  a  subsequent 
conversation  as  to  where  the  race  should  take  place,  Governor  Bowie  assured  the  gentlemen 
that  if  it  was  run  at  Baltimore  he  would  pledge  a  club  and  a  course.  This  was  the  origin 
of  the  celebrated  “  Dinner  Stakes”  of  1870,  and  also  of  the  Maryland  Jockey  Club  which 
already  numbers  among  its  members  many  of  the  most  influential  and  distinguished  gen¬ 
tlemen  in  the  State,  and  which,  though  as  yet  in  its  infancy  is  favorably  known  through 
the  country. 

An  arrangement  was  effected  with  the  Agricultural  Society  by  which  Pimlico  was 
secured  and  a  charter  was  obtained  from  the  Legislature  for  the  organization.  Stables 
were  built  upon  the  grounds,  the  track,  a  mile  in  length,  put  in  perfect  order  and  a  Grand 
Stand  constructed  which  for  strength,  amplitude  and  the  expansiveness  of  view  it  affords, 
is  probably  superior  to  any  in  the  United  States.  The  meetings  of  the  Maryland  Jockey 
Club  which  have  taken  place  annually  since  1870,  in  the  autumn,  have  been  eminently 
successful.  Ihe  Course  over  which  the  races  are  run  has  steadily  improved  until  at 
present  it  will  compare  favorably  with  any  race-track  in  the  country,  and  the  great  influx 
of  strangers  drawn  hither  during  the  annual  meetings,  tempted  by  the  reputation  of  our 
citizens  for  hospitality  and  the  aesthetic  features  for  which  our  city  is  remarkable,  together 
with  the  patronage  extended  by  all  classes  of  our  own  people  have  encouraged  the  Club 
to  greater  exertions,  and  hereafter  two  race-meetings,  in  the  spring  and  fall  respectively 
will  be  held  at  Pimlico.  The  object  contemplated  in  the  organization  of  the  Club,  the 
purification  of  the  Turf  and  its  freedom  from  debasing  influences  has  been  kept  steadily  in 
view  and  the  meetings  are  marked  by  the  presence  of  the  beauty,  wealth  and  fashion  of 
Baltimore. 


If  the  history  of  each  large  city  was  traced  it  would  be  found  that  its  progress  had  been 
marked  by  the  springing  up  of  towns  and  villages  within  reach  of  its  influence.  That 
these  towns  as  soon  as  they  had  attained  a  sufficient  degree  of  importance  had  been 
absorbed  by  the  parent  city  and  the  intermediate  space  filled  up  with  a  hardy  and  indus¬ 
trious  population  that  perhaps  to  these  offshoots  is  due  in  great  measure  the  health  of 
some  cities  and  to  their  paucity  the  unwholesome  atmosphere  of  others. 

Villages  or  towns  built  at  a  distance  are  laid  out  with  a  latitude  of  which  the  costly 
ground  in  cities  proper  will  not  admit.  The  land  lying  between  the  villages  and  cities  is 
comparatively  speaking  cheap,  and  persons  are  somewhat  more  careful  of  the  aesthetic 
features  when  laying  it  off  into  towns  and  townships,  just  as  the  farmer  with  time  and 
space  will  have  an  eye  to  the  beautiful  and  picturesque,  while  his  poorer  neighbor  is  com¬ 
pelled  to  make  every  foot  of  ground  minister  to  the  wants  of  himself  and  family. 

Some  of  the  largest  cities  in  America  owe  their  present  importance  and  much  of  their 
beauty  and  healthfulness  to  these  accessories.  Boston,  with  its  dozen  satellites  is  a  city  of 
much  grander  proportions  than  the  simple  town  embraced  within  the  corporate  limits. 
Philadelphia,  with  Germantown,  Kensington,  the  Northern  Liberties  and  Philadelphia 
ounty ^presents  a  more  imposing  array  of  inhabitants  than  would  that  same  city  divested 
of  these  important  adjuncts.  Baltimore  is  encompassed  by  a  number  of  these  surburban 
towns  and  villages  which  add  greatly  to  the  attractiveness  and  prosperity  of  the  city. 

Waverley ,  formerly  known  as  Huntingdon,  lies  immediately  outside  of  the  city  limits 
to  the  north  of  Baltimore.  It  contains  a  population  of  about  5,000  inhabitants  and  is  well 
supplied  with  churches,  public  buildings  and  school  houses.  It  is  interesting  as  embracing 
the  former  seats  of  some  of  our  older  families,  together  with  “Friendship”  originally 
owned  by  the  Quakers,  “  The  Homestead  ”  and  Peabody  Heights.  The  inhabitants  are 
arge  y  operatives  but  many  engaged  in  business  in  the  City,  have  established  their  homes 
and  have  erected  handsome  dwellings  within  its  limits.  Two  lines  of  horse-cars  afford 

easy  and  constant  communication  with  the  City,  its  incorporation  with  Baltimore  is  a 
matter  that  cannot  be  much  longer  delayed. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  81 

In  these  latter  days  when  fact  has  usurped  the  place  of  fancy  and  nothing  which  does  not 
minister  to  the  material  advan  cement  of  the  community  can  secure  a  lodgment  within  its 
limits,  Mi.  Horatio  H.  Gambrill,  a  gentleman  of  unsurpassed  business  capacity  and 
energy  deserves  at  least  a  passing  notice. 

A  more  perfect  representative  of  the  practical  side  of  the  American  character  could 
scarcely  be  instanced,  and  the  town  of  Woodberry,  on  the  very  verge  of  our  City,  is  likely 
to  prove  an  enduring  monument  to  his  sagacity  and  enterprise.  In  1839,  Mr.  Gambrill 
leased  the  pioperty  then  known  as  the  Old  Whitehall  Flouring  Mill,  and  in  company  with 
others,  commenced  the  manufacture  of  Cotton  Duck  on  a  very  limited  scale.  Trained  from 
early  youth  in  a  cotton  factory,  he  brought  to  the  undertaking  a  thorough  knowledge  of 
his  business,  and  his  adventurous  spirit  cared  little  for  the  overgrown  monopoly  which  had 
its  seat  in  Patterson,  Hew  Jersey.  The  enterprise  prospered — the  original  factory  was 
enlarged  and  others  erected  until  a  thriving  and  beautiful  town  sprang  into  existence. 
Woodberry  has  at  present  a  population  of  from  5,000  to  6,000  inhabitants.  Situated  under 
the  shadow  of  Baltimore’s  handsomest  ornament,  Druid  Hill  Park,  not  the  least  attractive 
portion  of  which,  “  Tempest  Hill,”  was  contributed  by  the  town  itself,  Woodberry  is  one 
of  the  most  promising  villages  around  the  City  of  Baltimore.  In  addition  to  the  cotton 
duck  factories,  Pool  &  Hunt’s  mammoth  machine  shops  are  located  here.  The  inhabitants 
are  mostly  operatives  and  their  families. 

The  town  is  noted  for  its  high  moral  tone  which  has  been  fostered  and  encouraged  by 
those  who  have  thus  far  controlled  its  destinies.  Ho  intoxicating  drinks  are  allowed  to  be 
sold  within  its  precints,  and  it  is  abundantly  supplied  with  churches  and  school  houses. 

Mount  Washington  is  perhaps  the  most  picturesque  of  the  small  towns  which  encom¬ 
pass  Baltimore.  It  is  located  upon  lofty  hills  about  five  miles  from  the  City.  Elevated 
and  healthy,  with  pure  water  and  cultivated  society,  the  village  has  of  late  years  grown 
very  rapidly  and  its  eminences  are  now  studded  with  the  residences  of  merchants  and 
business  men  from  Baltimore.  Both  Woodberry  and  Mount  Washington  are  situated  on 
the  Horthern  Central  Railroad,  within  a  few  minutes  ride  of  the  city,  and  the  trains  of 
that  railway  and  the  Western  Maryland  are  constantly  passing  backwards  and  forwards. 

Brooklyn,  southeast  of  Baltimore,  and  connected  by  a  commodious  bridge  over  the 
middle  branch  of  the  Patapsco,  was  settled  by  the  Patapsco  Company  in  1857.  It  is  a 
flourishing  village,  regularly  laid  out,  healthily  located,  and  increasing  rapidly  in  popula¬ 
tion  and  importance.  Brooklyn  has  been  selected  as  the  terminus  of  the  Baltimore  and 
Drum  Point  Railroad,  a  work  designed  to  penetrate  the  lower  counties  of  the  Western 
Shore  of  the  State.  It  has  a  land-locked  harbor  and  a  water  front  of  one  and  a  half  miles 
with  a  depth  of  water  greater  than  can  be  found  elsewhere  in  the  vicinity  of  the  City,  and 
as  the  trade  and  commerce  of  Baltimore  expand,  doubtless  the  development  of  Brooklyn 
will  be  proportionate. 

Towsontown,  the  county  seat  of  Baltimore  County,  is  situated  on  the  York  road,  about 
seven  miles  from  the  City.  It  is  delightfully  located  near  the  most  elevated  point  on  the 
road  between  Baltimore  and  York,  and  is  being  rapidly  improved.  It  connects  with  our 
City  by  means  of  a  horse  railway,  and  the  completion  of  a  steam  railroad  now  in  process 
of  construction  will  bring  the  town  within  a  few  minutes  ride  of  Baltimore. 

Govanstown,  located  on  the  same  road,  about  midway  between  Baltimore  and  Towson¬ 
town,  is  a  flourishing  village,  and  has  of  late  increased  longitudinally  to  such  an  extent  as 
to  render  it  difficult  to  fix  accurately  its  boundaries,  in  fact,  the  York  road  from  Baltimore 
to  within  a  short  distance  of  Towsontown  is  a  continuous  street,  lined  on  either  side  with 
houses.  The  adjacent  lands  are  in  many  instances  laid  off  in  town  lots,  with  broad 
avenues  and  thoroughfares,  awaiting  only  the  touch  of  capital  to  turn  them  into  thriving 
towns  and  cities. 

Pikesville,  about  seven  miles  from  the  City,  on  the  Reisterstown  road,  is  a  beautiful 
village,  and  notable  as  the  location  of  the  United  States  Arsenal,  established  prior  to  the 


82  The  Monumental  City, 

war  of  1812.  There  are  many  other  towns  and  villages  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Bal¬ 
timore  in  addition  to  those  mentioned  above,  which  are  destined  to  great  development  in 
the  near  future,  and  which  will  add  vastly  to  the  importance  of  the  City. 

The  growing  tendency  on  the  part  of  merchants  and  business  men  to  reside  in  the 
country  during  the  summer  months,  or  to  make  their  homes  permanently  in  those  towns 
within  easy  communication  of  the  City,  has  assisted  wonderfully  in  the  development  of 
the  district  contiguous  to  Baltimore,  and  it  is  estimated  that  the  population  of  these  towns 
will  aggregate  at  least  fifty  thousand  at  the  present  moment,  with  a  ratio  of  increase 
which  leaves  it  matter  of  easy  conjecture  what  the  number  of  inhabitants  will  be  in  a 
few  years. 

When  the  early  settlers  of  Maryland  founded  the  town  of  Baltimore  they  little  supposed 
it  was  destined  to  become  one  of  the  leading  ports  of  entry  on  the  Atlantic  coast.  Its 
inland  position,  almost  at  the  head  of  navigation,  seemed  to  be  an  effectual  barrier  against 


foreign  commerce,  which  it  was  thought  would  seek  those  cities  lying  more  immediately 
along  the  Atlantic.  The  location  of  Baltimore  however  conduced  more  perhaps  than  any 
other  cause  to  her  advancement  in  this  regard.  In  addition  to  the  safe  and  commodious 
harbor  furnished  to  shipping,  freight  was  brought  that  much  nearer  to  the  interior  by  water, 
the  cheapest  mode  of  conveyance.  ) 

The  introduction  of  steam  as  a  motive  power  on  water  led  to  the  construction  of  vessels’ 
of  much  heavier  draught  than  were  used  in  the  old  merchant  service,  and  our  shippers 
had  to  contend  against  a  real  bugbear  in  the  shape  of  a  defective  channel.  The  channel 
of  the  Patapsco  was  neither  deep  enough  nor  sufficiently  wide  for  the  safe  passage  of  first- 
class  steamers  when  heavily  laden.  Fifteen  years  ago  the  attention  both  of  our  own 
citizens  and  the  national  authorities  was  attracted  to  this  difficulty  and  lukewarm  and 
desultory  measures  undertaken  for  its  removal.  From  time  to  time  small  sums  were 
appropriated  by  Congress  and  the  city,  and  an  officer  of  engineers  in  the  United  States 
Army  was  assigned  to  this  post,  for  the  purpose  of  deepening  the  channel.  But  little  pro¬ 
gress  was  made  in  the  work  until  1871,  when  the  advent  of  several  lines  of  foreign  steamers 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


83 


awakened  both  the  community  and  the  general  Government  to  the 
of  securing  to  the  rapidly  increasing  foreign  trade  of  the  city  easy 


a  timore,  like  other  cities,  has  had  its  periods  of  misrule,  when  anarchy  usurped  the 
place  of  order,  and  the  lowest,  most  disreputable  elements  of  the  community  rose  to  the 
surface,  and  for  a  time. defied  the  honest  efforts  of  law-abiding  citizens.  Such  a  state  of 
affairs  undoubtedly  existed  during  the  years  1858,  1859  and  I860.  The  Roughs  obtained 
control  of  the  City  and  inaugurated  a  reign  of  terror  similar  to  that  which  at  present 
disgraces  one  of  the  largest  cities  in  the  country.  This  saturnalia  of  rowdyism  was  short¬ 
lived.  Good  citizens,  irrespective  of  party,  combined  for  the  protection  of  society,  and 

Wlnter  °f  1860  the  State  LeSislature  enacted  the  famous  “Metropolitan  Police 
RU.  The  Police  Force  was  organized  in  accordance  with  its  provisions  on  the  7th  of 
May  of  the  same  year.  The  features  of  the  bill  were  simple.  Its  main  characteristic  was 
the  separation  of  the  local  government  and  that  organization  which  must  be  manipulated 
with  impartiality  to  make  it  honest  and  efficient.  Its  workings  were  magical. 

The  transition  from  a  state  of  rowdyism  to  perfect  order  was  instantaneous.  The  Bowie- 
knife  and  the  Bludgeon  were  laid  aside,  and  the  law  suffered  to  interpose  its  protecting 
arms  for  the  good  of  the  community.  The  Roughs  either  abandoned  their  infamous  mode 
of  living,  or  betook  themselves  to  other  cities. 

From  this  period  onward,  with  a  brief  interruption  during  the  continuance  of  the  civil 
war,  Baltimore  has  been  emphatically  an  order  loving  city.  With  little  modification,  and 
that  of  a  serviceable  nature,  the  Police  System  of  1860  is  at  present  in  operation,  and  our 
City  can  challenge  comparison  with  any  other  in  the  country  for  the  security  of  the  lives, 
liberties  and  property  of  her  citizens. 

The  perfect  order  preserved  in  every  portion  of  this  great  metropolis  is  really  a  subject 
for  admiration,  when  taken  in  connection  with  the  numerical  force  by  which  it  is  accom¬ 
plished.  As  at  present  constituted,  the  organization  consists  of  three  Commissioners,  styled 
the  Board  of  Police,  a  Marshal,  Deputy  Marshal,  4  Captains,  8  Lieutenants,  43  Sergeants 
and  489  men.  The  officers  are  appointed  by  the  Commissioners ,  and  are  usually  selected 
from  among  the  men  for  meritorious  conduct.  Ho  man  is  placed  upon  the  Force  because 
of  his  political  opinions,  or  for  any  other  reason  than  general  efficiency ;  nor  are  any  dis¬ 
missed  therefrom,  save  for  misconduct,  demonstrated  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Board. 
While  the  duties  of  the  police  of  Baltimore  are  more  numerous  and  onerous  than  those  of 
the  same  class  in  other  cities,  their  numerical  strength  is  much  smaller  than  that  of  similar 
organizations  in  any  of  the  cities  of  America  of  approximate  size  or  importance.  We 
have  dwelt  .at  some  length  upon  the  merits  of  our  Police  System,  because  they  have  been 
freely  recognized  by  all  classes  in  the  community  regardless  of  political  affiliation. 

Baltimore  was  among  the  first  cities  in  America  to  avail  herself  of  the  great  improve¬ 
ments  in  the  apparatus  for  subduing  fires.  In  1858,  the  old  volunteer  Fire  Department, 


6 


84 


The  Monumental  City, 

with  its  hand  engines  and  internal  dissensions,  was  abolished  and  an  organization  formed 
under  the  pay  and  control  of  the  City.  The  new  Department  was  furnished  with 
improved  Steam  Fire  Engines,  and  it  very  soon  demonstrated  both  the  superiority  of  the 
system  and  the  utility  of  steam  as  a  means  of  overcoming  conflagrations.  Since  that  time 
the  Department  has  been  strengthened  and  enlarged.  Under  the  management  of  a  Board 
of  Commissioners,  selected  from  our  most  estimable  citizens,  and  whose  services  are  given 
to  the  city  gratuitously,  it  has  become  the  most  perfect  organization  in  the  country,  a 
subject  of  pride  to  Baltimoreans  and  of  admiration  to  visitors  from  other  cities. 

The  apparatus  of  the  Department  consists  at  this  time  of  ten  engines  in  service,  and  two 
reserve  engines,  with  the  necessary  hose-carriages,  and  three  hook  and  ladder  trucks.  The 
entire  force  numbers  one  hundred  and  sixty  men.  Since  the  institution  of  the  Steam  Fire 
Department  there  have  been  but  few  fires  of  magnitude  in  our  City.  Indeed,  Baltimore 
has  enjoyed  an  exemption  from  the  ravages  of  this  terrible  scourge  that  cannot  be  altoge¬ 
ther  attributed  to  the  efficiency  of  the  Fire  Department,  ably  managed  as  it  undoubtedly 
is,  and  a  further  reason  for  which  may  be  found  in  the  construction  of  the  city,  the  broad 
streets  and  well-built  houses. 

As  an  exhibit  both  of  the  usefulness  of  the  Department  and  the  marked  imm  unity  of  the 
City  from  fires,  we  append  the  following  table,  giving  the  number  of  fires,  losses,  number 
of  Companies,  and  expenses  of  Departments  in  seven  of  the  leading  cities  of  the  United 
States,  from  November  1st,  1871,  to  October  31st,  1872 : 


City. 

No. 

Fires 

Loss. 

No. 

Companies. 

Expense  of 
Department. 

New  York . 

1,647 

$2,725,000 

52 

$1,000,000 

Philadelphia . 

523 

1,275,000 

27 

250,000 

Chicago . 

489 

973,000 

26 

328,000 

Boston . 

549 

704,000 

38 

331,000 

Cincinnati...., . 

213 

453,000 

23 

281  000 

San  Francisco . 

300 

1,411,000 

25 

180  000 

Baltimore . 

172 

300,000 

13 

145,672 

Of  course  the  losses  by  the  great  fire  in  Boston  have  been  omitted  in  the  above  estimate. 
It  will  be  seen  from  this  table  that  Baltimore,  with  a  Department  scarcely  half  the  size  of 
the  smallest  of  these  cities,  has  suffered  a  loss  by  fire  of  $300,000,  a  sum  less  by  $153,000 
than  that  acknowledged  by  the  most  fortunate  of  those  enumerated. 

The  Water-Supply  has  already  become  a  question  of  paramount  importance  in  large 
cities.  Those  along  the  Atlantic  coast  are  prone  to  pride  themselves  upon  the  efforts  they 
have  made  in  this  regard,  and  not  without  reason,  though  it  may  be  doubted  whether  any 
of  the  works  established  in  modern  times  would  compare  in  magnitude  and  completeness 
with  some  of  the  magnificent  structures  of  the  ancients,  the  remains  of  which  are  still  in 
existence.  The  Croton  Aqueduct  in  New  York  and  the  Fairmount  Water- works  in  Phil¬ 
adelphia,  aie  monuments  of  modern  engineering  skill,  and  constitute  exceedingly  attrac¬ 
tive  features  of  the  cities  to  which  they  respectively  belong. 

The  attention  of  our  citizens  was  directed  many  years  ago  to  the  necessity  of  securing 
an  abundant  supply  of  Water,  and  in  1804  the  old  Water  Company  was  established.  This 
corporation  served  its  purpose  for  a  number  of  years,  but  in  1854,  the  rapid  development 
of  Baltimore  made  it  evident  that  this  source  of  supply  could  not  much  longer  be  relied 
upon,  accordingly  the  City  bought  out  the  Company,  and  in  1858  commenced  the  construc¬ 
tion  of  the  works  which  now  supply  the  inhabitants.  An  exquisitely  beautiful  artificial 
lake,  with  a  capacity  of  500,000,000  gallons,  known  as  Lake  Roland,  was  formed  at  the 
Relay  House,  the  intersection  of  the  Western  Maryland  and  Northern  Central  Railroads, 


85 


Its  Past  PIistory  and  Present  Resources. 

about  eight  miles  from  Baltimore.  Hampden  Resorvoir,  a  smaller  basin  constructed  near 
the  village  of  Hampden,  with  a  capacity  of  50,000,000  gallons,  and  Mount  Royal  Reservoir 
on  North  Avenue,  with  a  capacity  of  30,000,000  gallons,  both  of  the  latter  supplied  by 
means  of  an  aqueduct  from  Lake  Roland,  were  considered  amply  sufficient  for  the 
requirements  of  the  City  for  years  to  come.  Subsequently  Druid  Lake,  with  a  capacity 
of  493,000,000  gallons  was  formed  in  Druid  Hill  Park,  more  with  a  view  to  ornamentation 
and  as  a  storage  reservoir,  than  with  any  actual  expectation  that  the  increasing  needs  of  the 
City  would  require  its  services  during  the  lives  of  its  projectors. 

Twenty  years  had  scarcely  elapsed  after  the  commencement  of  these  works  ere  the  City 
Fathers  were  admonished,  by  the  rapid  increase  in  population  and  the  equally  speedy 
multiplication  of  industries  requiring  the  free  use  of  water,  that  the  demand  would  soon 
exceed  the  supply,  and  a  plan  is  now  matured  by  which  an  unlimited  quantity  of  this 
indispensable  element  will  be  brought  into  the  City  from  the  Gunpowder  River,  a  stream 
of  fresh  and  pure  water,  which  passes  through  the  centre  of  Baltimore  County,  and 
empties  into  the  Chesapeake  Bay.  This  great  undertaking  cannot  be  completed  for  at  least 
thiee  years,  and  in  the  meantime  a  temporary  method  has  been  devised  by  which  the 
immediate  wants  of  the  City  will  be  abundantly  supplied.  When  finished,  the  Gunpow¬ 
der  Water- works  will  exceed  any  similar  enterprize  in  this  country,  and  perhaps  in 
Europe.  A  conduit  through  which  may  be  passed  170,000,000  gallons  of  water  daily, 
will  convey  the  supply  from  the  Gunpowder  to  the  City,  a  distance  of  about  eight  miles! 
The  elevation  of  the  water  above  tide  will  be  163  feet,  sufficient  for  present  necessities  or 
for  any  likely  to  occur  in  the  future  of  our  City 

It  has  been  said  with  truth  that  its  Parks  and  Squares  are  the  lungs  of  a  city.  Balti¬ 
more  is  bountifully  provided  with  these  adjuncts  to  healthfulness  Druid  Hill  Park,  in 
the  northwestern  portion  of  the  City,  contains  seven  hundred  acres  of  land,  and  for  varied 
natural  scenery  is  perhaps  unequalled  in  this  country. 

For  more  than  a  century  and  a  half  prior  to  its  purchase  by  the  city,  the  Park  was  the 
homestead  of  a  Maryland  family.  Some  older  member  of  the  house  had  displayed  exqui¬ 
site  taste  in  the  preparation  of  the  grounds,  and  succeeding  generations  had  the  good  sense 
to  perpetuate  his  ideas  with  simply  a  touch  here  and  there  to  heal  the  blows  of  time  and 
preserve  the  design  in  its  original  purity. 

During  the  year  1860  the  City  obtained  possession  of  Druid  Hill,  at  a  cost  of  $500,000, 
and  since  then  it  has  been  enlarged  by  purchases  of  contiguous  tracts  of  land.  Its  man¬ 
agement  as  a  Park  has  been  characterized  by  wisdom  and  enlightened  policy.  Immedi¬ 
ately  after  its  acquisition  by  the  City  it  was  placed  under  the  government  of  a  Commission 
consisting  of  a  number  of  gentlemen  of  intelligence  and  high  standing  in  the  community, 
selected  because  of  their  peculiar  fitness  for  the  undertaking.  This  Commission,  with 
enlarged  powers,  has  been  continued  to  the  present  time.  The  main  effort  appears  to 
have  been  to  preserve,  as  far  as  possible,  the  natural  beauties  of  Druid  Hill,  and  only  to 
interpose  art  when  needed  by  the  poverty  of  the  landscape  or  the  wants  of  the  City.  In 
this  the  Commission  has  been  eminently  successful. 

A  broad  expanse  of  land  is  spread  out  before  the  spectator,  rolling  in  great  waves  of 
verdure,  forming  at  some  points  gentle  undulations  intertwined  with  pretty  little  glens, 
and  at  others  rising  in  terraces,  one  above  another,  until  lofty  hills  disclose  the  City,  the 
river,  the  bay,  and  the  territory  of  Maryland  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach.  Majestic 
primeval  forest  trees,  hickory,  oak,  chesnut,  and  walnut,  of  immense  size,  are  succeeded  by 
impenetrable  thickets  where  the  greenbrier  and  the  laurel  strive  for  the  mastery.  Spread¬ 
ing  groves  invite  the  citizen,  weary  and  worn  with  the  turmoil  of  busy  life,  and  joyous 
fountains  gush  forth  at  his  feet  to  moisten  the  parched  lips  or  cool  the  heated  brow. 
Pleasure  boats  play  over  the  silvery  bosom  of  the  lake,  and  swan  move  gracefully  through 
the  waters  of  the  numerous  natural  basins  which  intersperse  the  grounds,  while  fallow 
deer  in  groups  roam  through  the  woods  and  groves.  Beautiful  drives  traverse  the  Park 


ENTRANCE  TO  DRUID  HILL  PARK 


87 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 

id  every  direction,  many  of  them  adorned  with  antique  vases  tilled  with  flowers  and 
covered  with  creeping  vines,  and  rustic  retreats  are  so  judiciously  distributed  as  often  to 
beguile  the  visitor  with  their  perfect  semblance  to  nature. 

Nor  has  the  Commission  been  unmindful  of  the  convenience  of  those  whose  modest 
means  forbid  the  use  of  showy  equipages.  Walks,  with  the  truest  regard  to  taste, 
have  been  arranged  through  the  grounds,  and  the  valetudinarian,  when  once  the  Park  is 
reached,  may  fairly  revel  in  the  ever  changing  pictures  and  invigorating  atmosphere  he  is 
permitted  to  enjoy  through  the  foresight  of  the  City’s  former  guardians. 

ruid  Hill  is  at  present  the  most  beautiful  Park  in  America,  and  with  the  ample  revenue 
derived  from  the  tax  on  City  Passenger  Railways,  it  is  impossible  to  fix  any  limit  to  its 
improvement  in  the  future.  The  influence  of  the  Park  upon  adjacent  property  has  been 
wonderful.  Its  value  has  been  greatly  enhanced,  streets  have  been  opened,  avenues  created, 
.ong  lines  of  elegant  and  costly  residences  have  been  built,  and  the  time  is  probably  not 


EDMOND’S  WELL— DRUID  HILL  PARK. 


remote,  when  the  Park  will  form  a  centre  around  which  will  cluster  the  fashion  and 
wealth  of  the  City  of  Baltimore. 

Seventeen  acres  have  been  set  apart  within  the  enclosure  for  the  erection  of  a  Botanical 
Garden.  A  Conservatory  300  feet  long  and  30  feet  high  is  about  to  be  erected,  and  a  Nursery 
established  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  the  other  Parks  and  Public  Squares  with  trees. 
The  Botanical  Gardens  will  be  enlarged  to  forty  acres  as  soon  as  circumstances  will  permit, 
and  a  Zoological  Department  added,  which  will  contribute  much  to  the  attractiveness  of 
this  truly  beautiful  spot.  The  project  was  originated  by  the  Maryland  Academy  of 
Sciences,  but  will  be  under  the  supervision  and  control  of  the  Park  Commission. 

Patterson  Park,  in  the  eastern  section  of  the  City,  contains  76  acres  of  land.  Already 
it  has  been  handsomely  adorned,  and  the  contemplated  improvements  will  make  it  a 
delightful  place  of  resort  for  the  citizens  of  this  portion  of  our  City.  From  any  part  of 
the  grounds  a  magnificent  view  can  be  obtained  of  the  harbor  and  Chesapeake  Bay,  and 
the  neighboring  couoties  of  Baltimore  and  Anne  Arundel. 


88 


The  Monumental  City, 


In  addition  to  the  Parks,  Baltimore  has  a  number  of  Public  Squares  judiciously 
distributed  in  different  portions  of  the  City.  In  the  western  section  are  Union  Square, 
Franklin  Square  and  Harlem  Square ;  in  the  north-west,  La  Fayette  Square ;  in  the  cen¬ 
tre,  Monument  Square  and  the  City  Spring ;  in  the  north-east,  Madison  Square;  in  the 
east,  Jackson  Square,  and  the  eastern  City  Spring,  and  in  the  south,  Battery  Square.  With 
the  exception  of  Monument  Square,  they  are  all  sodded  down  with  turf  and  beautifully 
decorated  with  shade  trees,  forming  reservoirs  of  health  for  the  citizens  enervated  by  the 
fierce  heat  of  summer  and  unable  to  betake  themselves  to  the  fashionable  places  of  resort 
It  is  proposed  to  establish  another  Park  in  the  southern  section  of  the  City,  with  Battery 
Square  as  a  nucleus.  This  Square  is  located  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  middle 
branch  of  the  Patapsco,  and  when  its  limits  are  extended  so  as  to  embrace  the  intervening 
property,  it  will  become,  because  of  its  water  view,  one  of  the  most  attractive  spots  in  the 
City. 


FOREST  TREES— DRUID  HILL  PARK. 


7/LS  v  J 

k 

From  the  Parks  of  Baltimore  to  her  Cemeteries  is  a  natural  transition.  Tender  love 
for  the  memory  of  the  dead  is  a  distinctive  feature  of  some  nationalities.  With  the  French 
it  is  a  passion.  Poets,  Warriors,  Statesmen  and  Philosophers,  severed  in  life,  are  all  brought 
together  within  the  narrow  confines  of  Pere  La  Chaise.  The  tomb  of  Abelard  and 
Eloise  blooms  perennially  with  fresh  flowers,  while  the  immortelles  never  die  on  the  graves 
of  such  men  as  Ney,  Moliere,  and  a  host  of  others. 

Though  Americans  do  not  exhibit  the  intense  pathos  displayed  by  the-  French,  Mount 
Auburn ,  Greenwood,  Laurel  Hill,  Greenmount  and  Bona  Ventura,  all  Cemeteries  on  the 
Atlantic  coast  bear  ample  testimony  to  the  care  displayed  by  the  American  people  for  the 
repose  of  their  dead.  Greenmount  Cemetery,  formerly  the  country  seat  of  a  citizen  is 
situated  on  the  ^  ork  road,  just  within  the  City  limits.  It  contains  about  sixty  acres ’of 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  89 


land,  handsomely  embellished.  Its  natural  beauty  is  very  great.  The  land  is  rolling  in 
character  and  very  thickly  studded  with  shade  trees  and  evergreens.  The  hand  of  the 
landscape  gardener  has  added  much  to  its  attractions.  It  is  intersected  by  graceful  avenues 
and  promenades,  and  many  of  the  memorials  to  the  departed,  so  beautifully  distributed 
within  the  enclosure,  evidence  taste  and  a  high  order  of  merit  in  the  artist,  among  which 
may  be  mentioned  the  bronze  statue  of  a  female,  sprinkling  flowers  upon  a  tomb,  and 
several  other  pieces  of  statuary  by  Rinehart,  a  native  of  the  State. 

At  an  elevated  point  in  Greenmount  a  monument  has  been  erected  by  the  City  of  Bal¬ 
timore,  to  the  memory  ot  John  McDonogh.  A  massive  granite  base  supports  a  marble 
pedestal  which  is  surmounted  by  a  statue  of  the  great  philanthropist. 

This  city  of  the  dead  is  often  visited  by  our  citizens,  both  because  of  its  exquisite  beauty 
and  the  tender  associations  which  cluster  about  its  “quiet  places,”  and  the  flowers  and 


SILVER  LAKE— DRUID  HILL  PARK. 


freshly  planted  evergreens  upon  many  of  the  mounds  are  an  assurance  that  those  who  are 
gone  are  not  so  soon  forgotten.  In  addition  to  the  above,  there  are  a  number  of  Cemeteries 
in  and  around  our  City,  some  extending  over  a  greater  area  than  Greenmount,  and  several 
highly  ornamented  and  possessing  considerable  natural  attractiveness. 


Upon  opening  this  volume  the  reader  will  find  a  very  comprehensive  Map  of  Baltimore 
and  its  environs.  The  present  boundaries  of  the  city  are  clearly  indicated,  as  also  those 
portions  lying  beyond  the  corporate  limits,  together  with  the  straggling  villages  located 
within  one  and  a  half  miles  of  the  City  proper.  By  reference  to  the  Map  it  will  be  seen 
that  much  of  what  should  constitute  the  City  of  Baltimore  lies  in  the  county.  The  City 
itself  covers  an  area  of  but  10,000  acres.  The  boundaries  established  in  1816  by  legislative 
enactment  have  never  been  changed.  Efforts,  oft  repeated,  have  been  made  by  our  citizens 
but  for  reasons  presently  stated  the  enlargement  of  the  City  limits  has  been  deferred  until 


90 


The  Mohumehtal  City, 

hope  has  well  nigh  sickened  and  died.  The  census  of  1870  places  the  population  of 
the  City  proper  at  267,354.  The  unfairness  of  this  estimate,  not  to  characterize  it 
by  a  harsher  term,  is  glaring  to  every  resident  of  Baltimore,  and  its  palpable  absurdity 
would  provoke  a  smile  were  it  not  so  serious  in  its  consequences  to  the  welfare  of  our 
City  and  State.  A  subsequent  enumeration  under  the  direction  of  the  City  government, 
hurried  in  its  character,  and  hence  liable  to  many  errors  against  the  City,  made  the  popu¬ 
lation  of  Baltimore  283,375.  We  must  not  be  understood  as  accepting  either  of  these  sets 
of  figures  as  a  coirect  exhibit  of  our  numerical  strength;  on  the  contrary  a  census  taken 
by  a  thoi  oughty  reliable  citizen  of  Baltimore,  and  taken  under  circumstances  from  which 
accuracy  may  be  reasonably  inferred,  has  placed  the  population  far  beyond  either  of 
these  enumerations.  But  assuming  283,375,  the  number  ascertained  by  the  muni¬ 
cipal  authorities,  as  the  population  of  Baltimore  in  1870,  that  portion  of  the  City 
which  lies  outside  of  the  corporate  limits,  and  which  probably  will  soon  be  brought 
under  the  control  of  the  corporation,  would  have  swelled  the  number  of  inhabitants  to 
350,000,  and  would  have  made  Baltimore  in  this  respect  the  fourth  city  in  the  United  States. 

That  the  extension  of  the  City  limits  cannot  be  much  longer  delayed  is  apparent  to  the 
opponents  as  well  as  to  the  friends  of  the  measure.  Baltimore  County  has  heretofore 
claimed,  and  with  some  show  of  reason,  that  by  wresting  from  her  this  large  and  valuable 
slice  of  her  domain,  the  City  will  so  diminish  the  basis  of  taxation  as  to  embarrass  the 
county  government.  The  City  on  the  other  hand  desires  room  for  expansion,  and  the 
people  who  live  on  the  debateable  ground  are  crying  out  for  the  protection  and  benefits 
that  will  accrue  to  them  from  annexation.  The  requirements  of  our  rapidly  increasing 
population  and  the  advantages  which  the  middle  and  poorer  classes,  residing  on  the  out¬ 
skirts  of  Baltimore,  will  reap  from  the  enlargement  of  her  boundaries,  constant  supplies  of 
gas,  water  and  the  like,  with  the  security  afforded  by  a  well  regulated  police  force,  must 
in  a  brief  space  override  any  minor  considerations. 

I  he  people  of  the  county  feel  that  the  blow  is  inevitable,  and  already  many  are  favoring 
the  annexation  of  Baltimore  County  in  its  entirety  in  imitation  of  the  example  set  by 
Philadelphia  and  New  York,  while  others  are  beginning  to  realize  that  the  decrease  in  the 
revenues  of  the  county  would  be  temporary,  as  the  prosperity  of  Baltimore  must  eventually 
inure  to  the  advantage  of  the  territory  which  surrounds  her. 

The  enlargement  of  the  City  limits  once  determined,  the  aegis  of  the  municipal  govern¬ 
ment  extended  over  this  region  would  produce  that  feeling  of  security  which  is  certainly 
lacking  now,  and  which  would  lead  mechanics  and  operatives  to  lease  lots  and  erect  for 
their  families  houses  where  their  close  proximity  to  the  agricultural  districts  would  insure 
the  very  cheapest  rates  of  living.  The  intermediate  spaces  between  Baltimore  and  the 
towns  within  the  circle  of  expansion  would  rapidly  fill  up  with  a  thrifty  population,  while 
satellites  would  multiply  about  the  parent  city. 

This  has  been  the  experience  of  all  great  cities  in  the  past,  and,  when  similar  influences 

are  working  with  ten-fold  force  in  our  midst,  can  we  doubt  that  the  analogy  will  be  com- 
plete? 

In  concluding  an  article  which  has  for  its  object  the  exposition  of  the  resources  of  Balti¬ 
more,  it  may  be  well  to  summarize*  the  forces  that  have  ministered  to  her  importance. 

I  he  great  natural  necessities  in  these  days  of  steam-power  are  iron  and  fuel ;  iron  to  be 
worked  into  the  multitudinous  forms  of  which  it  is  susceptible,  and  which  the  ingenuity 
o  man  has  discovered,  and  fuel  to  supply  the  motive-power  for  its  manipulation.  Wood 
m  this  country,  where  it  was  supposed  it  would  be  abundant  for  many  generations,  is 
actually  becoming  a  scarce  commodity  before  one  hundred  years  of  the  national  life  have 
transpired,  and  in  some  places  the  system,  so  long  in  vogue  in  Great  Britain  and  on  the 

continent  of  Europe,  the  plan  of  setting  out  groves  of  trees  as  a  farmer  would  a  crop  of 
corn,  has  already  been  adopted. 


91 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 

A  substitute,  under  the  circumstances,  becomes  a  matter  of  the  first  importance,  and 
wherever  this  can  be  found,  trade  and  commerce  will  necessarily  gravitate  towards  that 
point  rather  than  to  a  locality  unfortunately  bereft  of  this  wonderful  auxiliary  in  the 
the  march  of  Progress. 

Baltimore  is  absolutely  independent  of  her  sister  cities  in  these  respects.  The  bituminous 
coal  beds  of  Alleghany ,  West  Virginia  and  portions  of  Pennsylvania  have  been  barely 
opened ;  in  fact,  several  of  those  in  the  vicinity  of  Cumberland  have  never  been  tapped, 

and,  though  it  is  known  that  the  supply  is  vast  beyond  computation,  its  real  richness  is 
as  yet  only  conjectural. 

The  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  a  mammoth  corporation,  and  the  Chesapeake  and 
Ohio  Canal,  almost  equally  extensive  in  its  operations,  with  their  combined  strength  have 
been  utterly  unable  to  develop  these  beds  of  wealth  beyond  the  threshold,  and  two  more 
railroads  are  now  projected  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  the  coals  to  our  city.  In  addition, 
the  various  species  of  this  mineral,  such  as  gas,  cannel  and  anthracite  coal,  are  supplied 
by  the  numerous  roads  leading  to  Baltimore,  in  unlimited  quantities.  Iron  is  so  plenti¬ 
fully  imbedded  in  the  soil  of  Maryland  as  almost  to  constitute  the  State  a  great  bed  of  this 
ore.  In  Alleghany,  Anne  Arundel,  Baltimore,  Cecil,  Frederick,  Garrett,  Harford,  How¬ 
ard,  Prince  George’s,  Queen  Anne’s,  Washington  and  Worcester  Counties  the  beds  of  ore, 
inexhaustible  and  of  the  finest  description,  are  being  worked  with  profit  to  their  owners 
and  to  the  rapid  advancement  of  our  City,  into  whose  lap  the  most  of  this  metal  is  poured. 
Besides  the  coal  and  iron  of  Alleghany,  lime  stone,  sand  stone,  hydraulic  cement,  and 
wonderful  water- powers  abound,  and  the  city  of  Cumberland,  the  county  seat,  is  rapidly 
becoming  the  centre  of  a  very  important  trade,  the  enterprise  of  her  citizens  expediting 
this  result  and  exhibiting  an  example  that  might  be  followed  with  a  happy  issue  by  others. 

Anne  Arundel  County,  in  addition  to  the  supply  of  iron  ore,  possesses  a  wide  stretch 
of  fertile  territory  where  tobacco  and  grain  are  grown  in  large  quantities,  and  truck- 
gardens  are  located  sufficient  in  themselves  to  supply  the  demand  in  Baltimore  for  fresh 
and  wholesome  vegetables.  Annapolis,  the  county  seat,  and  capital  of  the  State,  is  one 
of  the  oldest  cities  in  America,  and  notable  as  being  the  place  where  the  illustrious 
Washington  resigned  his  sword  after  the  completion  of  his  labors  in  the  War  of  Indepen¬ 
dence,  and  as  still  possessing  the  building  (State  House)  in  which  the  deed  ’was  done,  and 
where  Congress  met  immediately  after  the  same  war.  This  city  is  remarkable  also  as 
having  produced  a  number  of  the  most  distinguished  lawyers  that  have  ever  graced  the 
Bar  in  this  country. 

Baltimore  County,  in  addition  to  her  great  beds  of  iron  ore,  has  fine  water-powers,  and 
is  noted  for  her  extensive  milling  operations,  carpet,  cotton  and  woollen  factories,  furnaces, 
foundries,  paper  and  flouring  mills.  The  finest  and  strongest  cotton-duck  and  flour  equal 
to  any  manufactured  in  the  world  are  made  here.  This  county  contains  also  valuable 
copper  mines  and  chrome  ore,  a  large  proportion  of  the  latter  article  used  in  the  State 
being  obtained  from  Baltimore  County.  Exhaustless  quarries  of  marble,  lime  stone  and 
building  stone  are  found  here,  from  the  latter  of  which  gneiss  and  granite  are  taken  in 
large  quantities. 

Calvert  County  produces  the  best  tobacco  grown  in  the  State,  as  well  as  boundless 
supplies  of  fish,  oysters  and  wild  fowl,  and  tripoli  is  found  in  many  localities. 

Caroline  County,  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland,  is  celebrated  for  its  fine  peaches 
and  fruits  of  all  descriptions,  and  this  remark  will  apply  with  equal  force  to  Dorchester, 
Kent,  Queen  Anne’s,  Somerset,  Talbot,  Wicomico  and  Worcester,  all  located  on  the  same 
side  of  the  Chesapeake.  Their  mild  climate,  rich  soil  and  proximity  to  the  Bay  and 
Ocean  enable  them  to  produce  the  earliest  and  most  superior  fruits  and  vegetables,  which 
are  sent  in  large  quantities  to  the  Northern  cities,  where  they  find  a  ready  sale  at  fancy 
prices.  Large  supplies  of  shell-marl,  green  sand  and  marl  are  found  in  this  section,  the 
latter  furnishing  an  excellent  manure,  by  means  of  which  the  strength  of  the  land  can  be 
regularly  renewed. 


92 


The  Monumental  City, 


Carroll  County  possesses  first- cl  ass  water-powers,  cotton  and  woollen  factories,  mer¬ 
chant  and  paper  mills,  also  a  great  number  of  tanneries,  copper  mines  and  extensive 
quarries  of  granite,  marble,  lime  stone,  soap  stone  and  slate. 

Cecil  County  has  quarries  of  granite  and  soap  stone,  the  most  valuable  chrome  mines  in 
the  world,  clay  for  fire-bricks,  fine  water-powers,  great  shad  and  herring  fisheries,  kaolin 
or  porcelain  clay,  and  a  tremendous  trade  at  Port  Deposit,  on  the  Susquehanna  river,  in 
lumber  and  logs. 

Frederick  County  has  an  abundance  of  water-power,  a  large  number  of  mills,  tanneries 
and .  various  domestic  manufactures,  quarries  of  lime  stone  and  slate,  copper  mines,  a 
species  of  stone  similar  to  Italian  marble,  and  a  quarry  resembling  verde-antique,  together 
with  marble  of  variegated  colors,  the  light  and  dark  red  prevailing.  Frederick  City,  the 
county  seat,  is  a  large  and  thriving  town,  with  an  intelligent  and  energetic  population. 

Haiford  County  contains  extensive  water-power,  furnaces,  factories,  foundries,  flour 
mills,  quarries  of  building  stone,  gneiss  or  granite,  iron  ore  and  valuable  chrome  beds, 
quarries  of  slate  and  kaolin  or  porcelain  clay. 

Howard  County  has  factories,  mills,  furnaces,  quarries  of  lime  stone,  also  a  stone  that 
resembles  very  much  Quincy  granite,  and  Porphyritic  granite. 

Montgomer y  County  possesses  quarries  of  sand  stone  and  marble,  excellent  roofing  slate, 
other  building  stone,  also  chrome  ore  and  fine  water-powers. 

Prince  George’s  County,  in  addition  to  iron  ore,  sulphuret  of  iron,  bole,  tripoli  and  large 
shad  and  herring  fisheries,  produces  the  largest  quantity  of  tobacco  grown  by  any  single 
county  in  the  United  States,  and  contains  large  cotton  factories. 

Saint  Mary’s  County  is  the  oldest  in  the  State,  and  the  first  government  of  the  Province 
had  its  seat  there  for  many  years.  Marl  is  abundant  and  tobacco  the  principal  crop. 

Washington  County  produces  lime  stone,  slate  of  a  very  superior  quality,  emery  or 
corundum,  and  is  a  great  grain  growing  section  of  the  State,  containing  extensive  flour¬ 
ing  mills.  Hagerstown,  the  county  seat,  is  a  prosperous  and  growing  city.  * 

Of  course  the  resources  of  the  counties  would  advance  but  little  the  interests  of  Balti¬ 
more  City  were  there  not  convenient  methods  of  reaching  them.  Let  us  see  what  they 
are.  Through  Baltimore  County  the  lines  of  four  extensive  railroad  corporations  already 
pass  at  such  favorable  distances  that  nearly  all  the  wealth  to  which  we  have  just  alluded 
may  be  poured  into  our  City  in  quantities  to  suit  the  demand  of  the  market.  Shorter  lines 
of  railroad  stretch  their  arms  into  the  richest  portions  of  her  territory  in  all  directions, 
while  county  roads  of  the  first  excellence  offer  the  strongest  inducements  to  producers.’ 
Another  very  useful  railroad,  the  Maryland  Central,  is  about  to  be  put  under  contract. 
It  will  pass  through  the  most  fertile  sections  of  Baltimore  and  Harford  Counties,  fixing  its 
terminus  at  the  Pennsylvania  line.  The  northwestern  tier  of  counties,  Montgomery 
Frederick,  Washington  and  Alleghany  are  pierced  in  all  directions  by  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  Railroad  and  its  branches,  and  bounded  on  the  south  by  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
Canal,  while  Carroll,  Frederick  and  Washington  Counties  are  almost  bisected  by  the  West¬ 
ern  Maryland  Railroad.  Harford  and  Cecil  are  crossed  by  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington 
and  Baltimore  Railroad,  and  the  latter  is  intersected  at  various  points  by  the  Philadelphia 
and  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  and  the  Columbia  and  Port  Deposit  Railroad. 

The  Baltimore  and  Ohio,  and  its  branches,  pass  through  Howard  County  in  several 
places.  This  County  is  also  tapped  by  a  number  of  short  lines. 

The  lower  tier  of  counties  on  the  Western  Shore  consisting  of  Prince  George’s  Anne 
Arundel,  Calvert,  Charles  and  St.  Mary’s,  much  the  larger  portions  of  which  have  been 
heretofore  without  railroad  communication  with  Baltimore,  are  about  to  be  abundantly 
supplied.  Already  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  through  its  branches  strikes  Anne  Arundel 
and  1  nnce  George’s,  and  brings  the  former  into  easy  communication  with  our  City  by 


“The  Atlas  J 7  a*'™  -  ^  °bligations  for  facts  relating  to  the  Counties  to  a  volume  entitled 

0  W.  o!ay  ’  Dlstrictof  Columbia,  and  the  United  States,”  by  S.  J.  Martenet4  H.  F.  Walling  and 

G.  W.  H. 


93 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 

means  of  the  Annapolis  and  Elkridge  Railroad,  while  the  Baltimore  and  Potomac  Rail¬ 
road  passes  directly  through  Anne  Arundel,  Prince  George’s  and  Charles  to  the  Potomac 
River.  The  Drum  Point  Railroad,  at  present  under  contract,  bisects  Anne  Arundel  and 
Calvert  through  their  entire  length  and  strikes  the  Patuxent  at  its  mouth.  The  Washing¬ 
ton  City  and  Point  Lookout  Railroad,  which  is  also  under  contract,  will  run  from 
Washington  City  down  through  Prince  George’s,  Charles  and  St.  Mary’s  to  Point  Lookout, 
the  extreme  southern  end  of  the  Peninsula  and  intersecting  the  Baltimore  and  Potomac 
at  a  point  in  Prince  George’s,  will  bring  the  produce  of  these  counties  directly  to  Balti¬ 
more.  Already  the  Baltimore  and  Potomac  Railroad  connects  with  the  great  Union  Rail¬ 
road,  a  road  incorporated  to  unite  all  the  lines  of  Railway  running  into  Baltimore,  and 
arrangements  are  now  being  perfected  by  which  the  Drum  Point  Railroad  will  leave  its 
terminus  at  Brooklyn,  on  the  Patapsco,  and  passing  round  the  City,  will  enter  the  same 
road  at  the  tunnel. 

It  must  also  be  borne  in  mind  that  these  lower  counties  are  intersected  in  all  directions 
by  navigable  rivers  and  streams  which  furnish  by  far  the  cheapest  mode  of  transportation. 

We  have  reserved  the  Eastern  Shore  Counties  until  the  last.  They  have  never  hereto¬ 
fore  had  railroad  communication  with  our  City  save  by  long  and  circuitous  routes  which 
were  practically,  barriers  to  commercial  intercourse,  and  the  Bay  and  its  tributaries  have 
been  relied  upon  as  a  means  for  securing  the  produce  of  that  wealthy  section  of  Maryland. 
Much  of  the  valuable  traffic  which  should  have  found  its  way  to  Baltimore,  the  great 
metropolis  of  the  State,  was  on  this  account  diverted  to  Philadelphia  by  the  extensive 
railroad  connections  with  that  city  through  Delaware.  The  surface  of  the  land  on  the  East¬ 
ern  Shore  is  admirably  adapted  to  railroad  construction,  and  unusual  energy  has  been  dis¬ 
played  in  the  location  of  those  wonderful  adjuncts  to  civilization.  Besides  the  great  facili¬ 
ties  they  possess  for  water  communication,  each  county  can  boast  its  railroad,  all  of  which 
connect  with  the  Delaware  Railroad,  which  meets  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  and  Bal¬ 
timore  Railroad,  71  miles  from  Baltimore  and  28  miles  from  Philadelphia,  thus  naturally 
urging  trade  to  the  latter  city. 

All  this  is  about  to  be  changed  and  by  a  means  so  simple  as  to  cause  amazement  that 
the  project  has  never  been  seriously  entertained  before.  The  Baltimore,  Chesapeake  and 
Delaware  Bay  Railroad  Company  has  been  organized  and  the  money  necessary  for  the 
construction  of  the  road  subscribed.  It  is  to  be  built  from  Love  Point,  the  northern 
extremity  of  Kent  Island,  on  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  (18  miles  from  Baltimore)  immediately 
across  the  Eastern  Shore,  through  the  counties  of  Queen  Anne’s  and  Caroline,  to  Harrington 
in  Delaware,  a  distance  of  40  miles,  where  it  connects  with  the  Delaware  and  the  Junction 
and  Breakwater  Railroads.  The  connection  with  the  latter  road  unites  by  an  air-line  the 
Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Bays.  The  results  to  Baltimore  will  be,  first,  communication 
with  New  York  by  the  cheapest  and  pleasantest  route  yet  projected,  the  Company  having 
contracted  with  the  Lorillard  Steamship  Company  to  take  freight  and  passengers  from 
the  Delaware  Breakwater  to  New  York  immediately  upon  the  arrival  of  the  train,  while 
several  Baltimore  corporations  are  at  present  striving  to  secure  the  contract  for  their  con¬ 
veyance  between  Baltimore  and  the  railroad  depot  at  Love  Point  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of 
i  the  Chesapeake.  This  will  constitute  during  much  the  larger  portion  of  the  year  the  most 
!  agreeable  line  of  travel  between  Baltimore  and  New  York,  and  by  all  odds  the  cheapest 
|  route  for  freight  at  all  seasons.  There  will  be  but  one  change  on  the  line,  as  the  cars  will 
be  carried  across  the  Chesapeake  on  very  heavy  steamers.  But  this  is  the  least  of  the 
I  advantages  likely  to  accrue  to  Baltimore  from  the  building  of  this  railroad.  It  will  run 
within  a  stone’s  throw  of  Queenstown,  the  western  terminus  of  the  Queen  Anne’s  and 
Kent  Railroad,  with  which,  of  course,  connection  will  be  made  and  which  intersects  the 
Kent  County  Railroad  at  Massey’s  Junction.  It  will  intersect  the  Maryland  and  Dela¬ 
ware  Railroad  at  Hillsborough,  and  thus  the  productions  of  Kent,  Queen  Anne’s,  Talbot 
and  Caroline,  will  be  immediately  diverted  to  Baltimore.  At  Harrington,  it  will  tap  the 


94  The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 

Delaware  Railroad,  the  real  main-stem  of  all  the  railroads  south  of  that  point,  and  thus 
the  productions  of  Dorchester  County,  through  the  Dorchester  and  Delaware  Railroad ; 
of  Wicomico,  through  the  Delaware  and  the  Wicomico  and  Pocomoke  Railroads ;  of 
Worcester  through  the  latter  and  the  Worcester  Railroad,  and  of  Somerset  through  the 
Eastern  Shore  Railroad,  will  all  he  poured  into  Baltimore,  while  much  of  the  produce  of 
Delaware  will  follow  the  same  channel;  trade  always  chosing  for  itself  the  most  natural 
and  expeditious  routes.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that  through  this  little  railroad  only  forty 
miles  in  length,  and  which  will  be  constructed  at  comparatively  insignificant  cost,  all  the 
trade  of  the  purely  Eastern  Shore  Counties,  and  much  of  the  State  of  Delaware,  will  be 
atti  acted  to  oui  City,  the  route  to  Baltimore  being  shorter  by  one  half  than  that  which  now 
draws  a  large  portion  of  this  trade  to  Philadelphia. 

It  is  proposed  to  construct  another  line  of  railroad  between  this  City  and  New  York. 
The  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  which  has  recently  changed  hands  it  is  said,  proposes 
to  build  a  road  across  the  Delaware  River,  somewhere  in  the  neighborhood  of  Fort  Penn, 
which  will  stiike  the  Delaware  Railroad  at  Townsend,  and  from  thence  using  the  Town¬ 
send  Bianch  Railroad,  and  the  Kent  County  Railroad,  will  reach  a  point  on  the  Chesapeake 
Bay  near  Rock  Hall.  Here  passengers  and  freight  will  be  shipped  direct  to  Baltimore  in 
steamers  constructed  for  the  purpose. 

If  carried  out,  this  route  will  prove  as  effectual  in  diverting  to  Baltimore  the  trade  of  the 
Eastern  Shore  and  Delaware  as  the  road  mentioned  above. 

The  City  by  its  admirable  location,  situated  in  the  very  heart  of  the  country,  at  the 
head  of  a  bay  which  is  superior  to  the  ocean  because  of  the  protection  it  affords  to  ship- 
gives  access  to  a  broad  reach  of  territory  on  either  side,  from  wdiich  stores  can  be 
drained  by  water  communication,  and  the  receipts  of  our  foreign  and  domestic  commerce 
distributed  at  the  smallest  possible  cost  to  producers. 

The  great  grain  fields  of  the  far  West  are  made  tributary  to  her  through  gigantic  lines 
of  railway ;  the  Yalley  of  Virginia,  teeming  with  cereals,  mineral  wealth  and  forests  of 
inestimable  value,  through  the  same  source  pours  into  the  City  its  varied  productions;  the 
South,  with  its  inexhaustible  resources,  lumber,  cotton,  rice,  tar,  pitch,  turpentine,  rosin 
and  tobacco  is  linked  with  her  by  splendid  lines  of  steamers;  competing  railroad  corpora¬ 
tions  are  already  struggling  for  the  mastery  in  their  efforts  to  empty  into  her  lap  the 
riches  of  the  Central  West,  and  the  great  Mississippi  Yalley;  her  enterprising  merchants, 
business  men  and  railroad  companies  have  established,  in  connection  with  foreign  corpo- 
lations,  magnificent  lines  of  steamers  which  connect  the  City  with  the  prominent  ports  of 
Europe,  and  the  cheapness  of  these  modes  of  communication  are  being  practically  demon¬ 
strated  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  South  and  West;  her  inner  attractions,  her  beautiful 
parks,  public  squares,  refined  society,  handsome  and  well  ventilated  thoroughfares,  the 
high  moral  tone  of  her  citizens,  healthfulness,  cheapness  of  living  within  her  limits,  her 
institutions,  and  the  hospitality  which  has  distinguished  her  in  every  period  of  her  history, 
her  iron  works,  cotton  factories,  sugar  refineries,  machine  shops,  glass  works,  flour  mills, 

and  her  other  great  and  important  interests,  have  all  been  elaborated  with  care  in  the 
progress  of  this  volume. 

To  predicate  the  future  of  Baltimore,  with  such  a  combination  of  resources  as  a  basis, 
requires  neither  the  use  of  isothermal  lines,  nor  analytic  deduction  extending  through 
ong  cycles  of  ages.  Theories  may  be  true  and  useful,  but  facts  are  stubborn  and  indis¬ 
putable.  The  future  of  Baltimore  depends  upon  but  one  hypothesis.  The  elements  of 
her  present  and  prospective  greatness  stare  us  in  the  face  and  need  only  utilization  by  a 

proportionate  amount  of  energy  on  the  part  of  our  people  to  realize  a  prosperity  scarcely 
exampled  m  the  history  of  the  world.  .  J 


THE  BUSINESS  INTERESTS  OF  BALTIMORE 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MARYLAND 

SCHOOL  OF  MEDICINE. 


FACULTY. 

NATHAN  R.  SMITH,  M.  D.  SAMUEL  C.  CHEW,  M 


D. 


Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeu¬ 
tics ,  and  Clinical  Medicine. 


Emeritus  Professor  of  Surgery  and  President 
of  the  Faculty. 

WILLIAM  E.  A.  AIKIN,  M.  D.,  LL.  D. 

Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Pharmacy. 

GEORGE  W.  MILTENBERGER,  M.  D 
Professor  of  Obstetrics. 

RICHARD  McSHERRY,  M.  D. 

Prof,  of  Principles  and  Practice  of  Medicine. 

CHRISTOPHER  JOHNSTON,  M.  D. 

Professor  of  Surgery. 

FRANK  DONALDSON,  M.  D. 
Professor  of  Physiology  and  Hygiene ,  and 
Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the 
Throat ,  Lungs  and  Heart. 


WILLIAM  T.  HOWARD,  M.  D. 

Professor  of  Diseases  of  Women  and  C  hildren 
and  Clinical  Medicine. 

JULIAN  J.  CHISOLM,  M.  D. 

Professor  of  the  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear. 

FRANCIS  T.  MILES,  M.  D. 
Professor  of  Anatomy ,  and  Clinical  Profes¬ 
sor  of  Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System. 
ALAN  P.  SMITH,  M.  D. 
Professor  of  Operative  Surgery. 

L.  McLANE  TIFFANY,  M.  D. 
Demonstrator  of  Anatomy. 


The  regular  course  of  Lectures  commences  on  the  1st  of  October,  and  terminates  on  the  last  day  of  February* 
For  further  information  apply  to  any  member  of  the  Faculty  for  an  annual  Circular. 

Note.— See  pages  74,  75  and  76  for  further  information  in  regard  to  the  University  of  Maryland. 


96 


The  Monumental  City, 

THE  WASHINGTON  UNIVERSITY. 

SCHOOL  OF  MEDICINE. 

BALTIMORE,  MD. 
ANNOUNCEMENT. 

The  Winter  Session  begins  on  the  1st  of  October,  and  terminates  on  the  22d  of  February. 
The  Summer  Session  begins  on  the  2d  Monday  in  March,  and  continues  four  months. 

FEES,  STATUTES,  &c. — Full  course  of  Lectures,  including  Dissection  and  Hospital 
Tickets,  $65.00.  Matriculation  Fee  (paid  but  once),  $5.00.  Graduation  Fee,  $20.00.  All 
fees,  except  the  graduation,  must  be  paid  at  the  beginning  of  the  session. 


FACULTY, 


JOSEPH  E.  CLAGETT,  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Obstetrics. 
JOHN  F.  MONMONIER,  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Physiology . 
MARTIN  P.  SCOTT,  M.  D., 

Professor  of  the  Diseases  of  Women. 
CHAS.  W.  CHANCELLOR,  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Surgery. 

For  further  information  or  circulars,  address, 


JAS.  E.  LINDSAY,  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Chemistry. 
A.  B.  ARNOLD,  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Practice  of  Medicine. 
J.  S.  CONRAD,  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Materia  Medica. 
H.  B.  TRIST,  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Anatomy. 


Prof.  CHAS.  W.  CHANCELLOR.  M.  D., 

DEAN  OF  THE  FACULTY. 


INSTITUTION  FOR  THE  EDUCATION  OF  THE  DEAF  AND  DUMB, 

(Wm.  F.  Wkbbr,  Archt.) 

FREDERICK  CITY,  MD. 

WM.  F  .  W  E  B  E  HR, 

^Architect, 

Cor.  Charles  and  Lexington  Sts.,  Baltimore. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


97 


BALTIMORE 


No.  2  NORTH  GREENE  STREET. 


.  The  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  the  oldest  Dental  College  in  the  world,  was 
incorporated  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Maryland  in  the  year  1839. 

Six  hundred  and  sixty -four  students  have  had  conferred  upon  them  the  degree  of 
“Doctor  of  Dental  Surgery  ”  by  this  institution  since  its  organization,  and  its  diploma  is 
recognized  in  all  civilized  countries  as  a  testimonial  of  proficiency  in  the  science  of  Den¬ 
tistry. 

The  majority  ot  the  eminent  practitioners  of  Dentistry  in  Europe  are  graduates  of  this 
College,  and  there  are  but  few  Dental  Colleges  in  this  country  in  whose  Faculties  are  not 
found  graduates  of  the  Baltimore  College. 


ACULTY, 

J 

PHILIP  H.  AUSTEN",  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S. 

Professor  of  Dental  Science  and  Mechanism , 

FERDINAND  J.  S.  GORGAS,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S. 

Professor  of  Dental  Surgery  and  Therapeutics . 

HENRY  REGINAL  NOEL,  M.  D. 

Professor  of  Physiology  and  Pathology.  ■ 


E.  LLOYD  HOWARD,  A.  M.,  M.  D. 

Professor  of  Anatomy. 


M.  J.  DeROSSET,  A.  M.,  M.  D. 

Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Materia  Medica. 

JAMES  H.  HARRIS,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S. 

Professor  of  Clinical  Dentistry. 

WILLIAM  FARMER,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S. 

Demonstrator  of  Operative  Dentistry. 

B.  M.  WILKERSON,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S. 

Demonstrator  of  Mechanical  Dentistry. 

THOMAS  S.  LATIMER,  M.  D. 

Demonstrator  of  Anatomy . 

The  regular  sessions  commence  in  October  of  each  year,  and  continue  until  March. 

For  further  information  address, 

F.  J.  S.  GORGAS,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S. 

DEAN  OF  THE  FACULTY, 

259  N.  EUTAW  STREET,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

Note. — See  pages  76,  77  and  78  for  further  information  in  regard  to  Dentistry. 


98 


The  Monumental  City, 


BALTIMORE  EYE  AND  EAR  INSTITUTE, 

55  FRA.NKLIN  STREET, 

BALTIMORE. 


JULIAN  J.  CHISOLM,  M.  D. 

Professor  of  Eye  and  Ear  Diseases  in  the  University  of  Maryland, 

SURGEON  IN  CHARGE. 


One  of  the  largest  and  finest  Residences  in  the  City  of  Baltimore  has  been  purchased, 
and  fitted  up  with  every  convenience  as  a  “Home”  for  persons  suffering  from  Eye  and 
Ear  Diseases  who  come  to  Baltimore  for  Surgical  treatment.  The  Surgeon  in  Charge 
resides  IN  THE  Institution,  so  that  he  can  visit  his  Patients  frequently,  and  at  all 
hours. 

For  further  information  apply  to 

JULIAN  J.  CHISOLM,  M.D., 

55  Franklin  Street, 

BALTIMORE. 


MARYLAND  EYE  AND  EAR  INSTITUTE, 

66  N.  CHARLES  ST.  and  77  SARATOGA  ST. 

BALTIMORE. 


OFFICERS. 

President— JOHN  B.  MORRIS,  Esq. 

Vice  Presidents— B.  F.  NEWCOMER,  Esq.,  CHRISTIAN  AX,  Esq. 

Secretary— J.  J.  STEWART,  Esq. 

Treasurer — WILLIAM  WILKENS,  Esq. 


Johns  Hopkins,  Esq.  Christian  Ax,  Esq. 

John  B.  Morris,  Esq.  J.  Harmanus  Fisher,  Esq 
Hon.  G.  W.  Dobbin,  Jacob  Trust  Esq 

B.  F.  Newcomer,  Esq.  G.  W.  Gail,  Esq. 

Sam’l  M.  Shoemaker,  Esq.  John  A.  Nichols,  Esq. 
William  F.  Frick,  Esq.  Col.  S.  M.  Hess, 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 


John  H.  B.  Latrobe,  Esq. 
C.  Morton  Stewart,  Esq 
Charles  G.  Kerr,  Esq. 
John  Stellman,  Esq. 
William  Wilkens,  Esq. 

J.  J.  Stewart,  Esq. 


H.  H.  Graue,  Esq. 

Dr.W.  Chew  Van  Bibber, 
Dr.  James  Cary  Thomas, 
Dr.  John  Morris, 

Dr.  J.  L.  Warfield, 

Dr.  George  Reulino. 


Surgeon  in  Charge,  GEORGE  REULING,  M.  D. 

We  respectfully  announce  to  the  Medical  Profession  and  Public  generally,  that  thi3 
Institute,  incorporated  April  3d  1869,  and  now  located  at  No.  66  N.  Charles  Street,  and 
Ho.  77  Saratoga  Street, has  been  lately  enlarged  and  improved,  and  offers  increased  facili¬ 
ties  tor  the  treatment  of  those  suffering  from 


DISEASES  OF  THE  EYE  AND  EAR. 

Application  should  be  made  to  CEO.  REEI.ING,  M.  D„  Surgeon  in  Charge. 


ame^  srs- 


SECQfy 
(0  .S7.V  , 

rih()LlM^  - - 


afw  Uapi  amt  Miox  &«•»*>*>*  ‘,i<w'  ^r<* 

A  call  --  o  nil  cited. 


ai'Ld  Examination  of  Specimen3  is  s0^lG 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


101 


Oyster,  Fruit  and  Vegetable  Packing. 


|HE  °7ster  Trade  of  Baltimore  City,  in  its  various  branches,  constitutes  a 
most  important  industry,  and  one  which  has  no  rival  in  the  other  cilies 
of  the  United  States.  The  unlimited  supply  afforded  by  the  Chesapeake 
Bay  and  its  tributaries,  and  the  superiority  and  delicate  flavor  of  the  Oysters, 
make  it  impossible  for  any  other  city  in  the  world  to  compete  with  Baltimore  in 
this  regard.  About  thirty  years  ago  a  single  house  was  established  on  Federal 
Hill,  foi  the  canning  of  cooked  Oysters;  its  owner  had  discovered  t lie  secret 
of  sealing  the  cans,  and  vainly  imagined  that  it  could  be  confined  within  his 
°’Vn  biain.  lie  wore  his  life  away  in  his  efforts  to  amass  a  fortune,  and  his 
secret  was  soon  discovered,  which,  in  course  of  time  was  to  convey  to  sections 
that  had  scarcely  heard  by  name  of  the  delicious  bivalves,  bountiful  supplies 
as  fiesh  and  as  pure  as  those  to  be  found  on  our  tables.  At  present  there  are 
more  than  one  hundred  packing  establishments  engaged  in  the  business,  some 
of  which  employ  as  many  as  six  hundred  hands;  upwards  of  twenty  thousand 
persons  are  identified  with  the  trade  from  first  to  last,  in  some  form.  A 
failure  of  the  Oyster  supply  would  bring  distress  to  hundreds  of  households. 
Our  space  does  not  permit  a  detailed  statement  of  the  modus  operand i  of 
packing.  Eight  hundred  pungies  or  small  schooners  and  fully  three  thousand 
smaller  boats  are  engaged  in  gathering  Oysters.  They  commence  work  about 
the  middle  of  September.  The  pungies  separate  the  Oysters  from  the  beds 
by  means  of  dredges,  while  from  the  smaller  boats  tongs  or  rakes  are  plied  by 
hand.  The  Oysters  brought  to  the  packing  establishments  are  shucked,  and 
if  intended  for  shipment  raw,  are  washed,  and  packed  in  the  cans  until  every 
particle  of  air  is  excluded,  and  hermetically  sealed;  or  they  are  first  cooked 
and  then  packed  in  the  same  manner.  As  an  exhibit  of  the  amount  of 
packing  done,  fifty  thousand  cans  of  raw  are  put  up  daily  by  a  single  house, 
and  thirty  thousand  cans  of  cooked  Oysters  by  another.  The  trade  is  kept 
up  without  intermission  until  the  warm  days  of  spring  warn  the  proprietors 
that  the  Oysters  will  soon  be  unfit  for  use.  There  is  then  a  short  intermission; 
the  hands  are  suffered  to  take  a  holiday  and  the  pungies  lie  idly  at  the 
wharves.  In  a  very  few  weeks  fleets  of  these  small  vessels  line  the  waters  of 
the  bay,  and  the  streams  which  flow  into  it.  The  orchards  and  market- gardens 
adjacent  to  the  streams  are  stripped  of  their  fruits  and  vegetables,  the  packing¬ 
houses  are  transformed  into  huge  bee-hives,  the  operatives  go  to  work  with 
renewed  vigor,  countless  thousands  of  boxes  of  these  perishable  productions 
of  the  soil'  are  poured  into  their  insatiable  reservoirs,  and  by  a  process  some¬ 
what  similar  to  that  made  use  of  in  Oyster  packing,  are  stored  away  in 
cans  and  sent  to  all  sections  of  the  world  to  be  kept  pure  and  fresh  until 
demanded  by  the  ever  increasing  requirements  of  modern  palates.  Pickles, 
Sauces,  Preserves,  are  all  canned  in  large  quantities  by  the  packers  and  find 
7 


102 


Tjie  Monumental  City, 


a  rapid  sale  in  the  market.  These  canned  Oysters,  Fruits  and  Vegetables  are 
sent  to  all  portions  of  the  United  States,  and  are  exported  to  all  sections  of  the 
civilized  world.  The  Hindoos,  the  Chinese,  the  Japanese,  and  all  European 
markets  are  largely  supplied  with  canned  goods  from  the  packing-houses  of 
the  city  of  Baltimore.  An  industry  so  extensive  necessarily  tends  to  the 
development  ol  other  branches  of  trade  intimately  connected  with  it;  among 
these  is  the  manufacture  of  tin-cans. 

A  few  ol  the  packing-houses  find  it  convenient  to  import  their  own  tin  and 
make  their  own  cans.  The  machinery  for  this  and  the  hands  employed  form 
no  inconsiderable  portion  of  the  whole  establishment,  but  by  far  the  larger 
number  rely  upon  the  houses  which  have  been  established  in  the  city  exclu¬ 
sively  for  that  purpose.  The  increase  in  the  importation  and  manufacture  of 
tin  has  kept  pace  with  the  development  of  the  packing  trade,  and  at  this 
writing  it  is  estimated  that  between  twenty  and  thirty  million  cans  are  manu¬ 
factured  yearly  for  this  market. 

The  trade  is  increasing  and  the  resources  for  conducting  the  packing  busi¬ 
ness  are  inexhaustible.  It  is  impossible  to  fix  any  limits  to  this  branch  of  the 
trade  of  Baltimore  in  the  future.  Another  business  connected  with  the 
packing  trade  deserves  notice.  The  cans  of  Oysters,  Fruits  or  Vegetables, 
after  they  are  sealed,  are  supplied  with  labels  denoting  the  character  of  their 
contents.  Oreat  competition  has  arisen  between  the  firms  engaged  in  the 
business,  and  they  have  sought  to  secure  the  most  unique  and  beautiful 
designs,  with  which  to  advertise  their  wares  to  the  world.  Barge  printing- 
houses  now  exist  in  the  city  whose  sole  occupation  is  the  printing  of  these 
labels.  Much  capital  has  been  employed  and  great  pains  taken  to  reduce  their 
designs  to  perfection.  The  result  is  that  many  of  these  designs  at  first  glance 
can  scaicely  he  distinguished  from  wood  engravings.  Where  so  many  Oysters 
are  shucked  the  question  will  naturally  be  asked,  what  becomes  of  the  shells. 

Many  of  the  larger  packing-houses  have  extensive  lime-kilns,  with  a  capacity 
of  one  thousand  to  twelve  hundred  bushels  each.  One  firm  alone  burns  twenty 
thousand  bushels  into  lime  every  four  days,  and  has  made  as  much  as  six 
hundied  thousand  bushels  of  pure  white  lime  in  a  year.  Even  this  immense 
quantity  does  not  dispose  of  the  accumulations,  and  in  many  instances  farmers 
and  others  are  paid  to  haul  away  the  shells  for  the  construction  of  roads,  or 
the  improvement  of  the  lands  adjacent  to  the  city.  It  will  be  seen  from  the 
above  that  the  packing  trade  is  already  of  paramount  importance  in  Balti- 

moie,  and  is  rapidly  increasing  in  extent  and  the  number  of  substantial 
citizens  engaged  in  it. 

I  he  Oyster  lawTs  of  the  State  form  no  inconsiderable  portion  of  the  Code, 
and  the  efforts  of  legislators  have  latterly  been  directed  to  the  regulation  of 
the  manner  of  taking  the  Oysters,  that  the  beds  may  not  be  permanently 
injured  by  this  traffic.  An  Oyster-navy  has  been  established  with  this  view, 
and  efficient  officers  selected  to  command  it  ;  and  during  the  season  the  vessels 
composing  this  watei -police  are  constantly  in  motion  for  the  purpose  of 
enforcing  the  Oyster  laws. 


Factories  at  Jackson  St.,  Federal  Hill,  and  German  St.,  near  Green  St. 


WM.  NUMSEN, 

J  W.  NUMSEN, 

N.  G.  NUMSEN, 
WM.  N.  NUMSEN. 


BALTIMORE 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  103 


WM.  NUMSEN  &  SONS, 

PRESERVERS,  PICKLERS, 


Office,  18  Light  Street, 


NUMSEN’S  BLOCK. 


104 


The  Mohuhextal  City, 


Successors  of  THOS.  KENSETT  &  CO. 


PACKERS  OF  HERMETICALLY  SEALED 


OYSTERS,  FRUITS,  &c 


THOMAS  II.  KENSETT, 
HORATIO  N.  VAIL, 
JOHN  R.  KENSETT. 


1Q2  "W.  Falls  Avenue, 

BALTIMORE. 


JAMES  E.  Sri.’AXS  BURY, 

OYSTER,  FRUIT  AND  VEGETABLE  PACKER, 


AND  SHELL-LIME  KILNS. 

Atlantic  Wharf,  near  Boston  Street,  Canton,  BALTIMORE. 


THOS,  J.  MYER. 


ESTABLISHED  1850. 

A.  K.  SHK1VER.  M.  O.  SHRIYEK. 


THOS.  J.  MYER  &  CO. 


Successors  to  BALDWIN  &  MYER, 


No.  00  WEST  FALLS  AVENUE. 


Opposite  Philadelphia  Depot, 


BALT]  MORE. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


j.c.  MAHONY. 


ESTABLISHED  1853. 


105 


H.  FLEMING. 


J.  c.  MAHONY  <£  CO. 

pYSTER  and 


J 


J 


RJJIT  f  ACKERS, 


MAHONTS  WHARF,  CANTON, 

Baltimore 


§MONG  tlie  most  prominent  objects  in  a  distant  view  of  Baltimore,  towering 
far  above  the  loftiest  building,  and,  although  situated  near  the  water 
*  level>  rivalling  in  height  the  summit  of  the  Washington  Monument,  is 
the  Merchants  Shot  Power.  This  immense  piece  of  masonry  was  erected 
in  1828,  and  is  said  to  be  the  finest  specimen  of  brick  work  on  this  continent, 
and  perhaps  in  the  world.  It  is  two  hundred  and  twenty  feet  high,  above 
the  pavement,  and  has  a  foundation  seventeen  feet  in  depth,  resting  upon 
solid  rock.  This  gives  the  tower  the  rare  and  important  advantage  of  being 
absolutely  free  from  vibration,  except  during  the  heaviest  gales  of  wind,  when 
the  maximum  vibration  at  the  highest  floor  does  not  exceed  four  inches. 
This  absence  of  vibration  is  essential  to  the  perfectness  of  the  Shot.  The 
walls  were  built  entirely  from  within,  no  outside  scaffolding  having  been 
used;  they  are  six  feet  thick  at  the  base  of  the  tower,  tapering  off  to  eighteen 
inches  at  the  top.  The  circumference  at  the  base  is  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
nine  feet.  The  top  is  reached  by  a  spiral  stairway  of  three  hundred  and  ten 
steps. 

With  regard  to  the  manufacture  of  the  Shot,  it  is  sufficient  to  say  that  the 
large  sizes  of  Shot,  from  13  to  3  T  inclusive,  are  dropped  from  the  highest 
floor,  while  the  smaller  numbers  are  dropped  from  the  middle  floor.  The 
company  which  works  this  tower  claims  to  make  the  most  perfect  Drop  Shot 
in  the  world,  in  consecpience  of  the  firm  foundation  and  substantial  structure 
of  the  tower,  which  secures  it  against  vibratory  motion.  The  sizes  of  their 
Shot,  moreover,  are  carefully  graded  by  fixed  standards,  and  are  mathemati¬ 
cally  perfect.  The  manufacturing  capacity  of  the  tower  is  now  100,000  bags 
in  a  season;  it  can  readily  be  increased  to  200,000  every  six  months,  or  indeed 
if  necessary  to  half  a  million  annually. 


10G 


The  Monumental  City, 


COB.  FBONT  AND  FAYETTE  STS. 


Baltimore,  ]VEd. 


Having  all  new  and  the  most  approved  machinery 
for  the  manufacture  of  Drop  and  Mould  Shot  and 
Bar  Lead ,  the  quality  of  our  manufactured  articles 
in  sizes,  style  and  finish  is  not  excelled  in  the  world. 
The  sizes  of  Shot  we  manufacture  are 


MOliLD  SHOT,  -  -  No. 

16 

16 

37 

55 

IC 

AP 

NT 

000 

00 

0 

1 

2 

3 

Number  to  the  Pound. 

37 

55 

212 

51 

85 

85 

111 

144 

l  o 

1  5 

250 

340 

Colt’s  Army.  Navy.  Buck  Shot. 

Pistol. 


DROP  SHOT.— TTT  TT  T  BOB  BB  B  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  13  14 


HENRY  D.  HARVEY,  President. 

DIREC 

HENRY  D. 

JAMES  HOOPER,  Jr.,  of  James  Hooper  &  Sons, 
GEORGE  N.  EATON,  of  Eaton  Bros.  &  Co. 

GEORGE  WM.  BROWN,  lute  M  ayor  of  Baltimore, 


LUC1EN  O’CONNOR,  Secretary, pro  tem. 
TORS. 

HARVEY, 

FRANCIS  A.  CROOK,  Treas  Balto.  Equitable  Society, 
WILLIAM  WILSON,  Jr  ,  of  Wilson,  Burns  &  Co. 
GEORGE  W.  CORNER,  of  James  Corner  &  Sons. 


Provisions. 

t  HE  immediate  connection  of  Baltimore  with  the  West,  renders  it  the  chief 
point  for  distribution  southward,  of  the  great  Provision  supplies  from 
y  that  important  and  rapidly  growing  section  of  our  country.  It  has  long 
been  known  as  one  of  the  cheapest  ports  for  this  purpose  on  the  entire  sea¬ 
board  ;  but  the  Provision  trade  with  the  States  of  Georgia  and  South  Carolina 
was  in  some  measure  diminished  by  the  establishment  of  direct  lines  of  rail¬ 
way  to  the  Mississippi  valley.  The  trade  with  the  Southern  Atlantic 
States  has  however  been  largely  augmented  of  late  years,  both  through  a 
disposition  to  purchase  in  Baltimore,  and  because  the  consumption  in  those 
States  has  greatly  increased.  In  view  of  this  fact,  the  railways  and  lines  of 
steamers  communicating  directly  or  indirectly  with  the  South,  have  become 
much  more  active  than  formerly.  During  1872  Baltimore  distributed  70,000 
hhds.  of  bacon  and  bulk  meats ;  20,000  casks  of  hams ;  50,000  tierces  of  lard ; 
30,000  bbls.  of  pork.  A  large  proportion  of  these  articles  is  sent  to  the  West 
Indies  and  points  further  South  ;  while  to  Great  Britain  and  Germany  great 
quantities  ol  lard  are  shipped  annually.  The  aggregate  export  of  lard  to 
Liveipool  and  Bremen  alone,  in  1871,  was  about  half  the  total  amount  of 
4,  b y  i,470  lbs.  the  demand  for  this  article  has  become  so  great,  that  the 
lefining  of  the  cruder  grades  has  risen  within  a  short  period  into  a  very 
impoitant  blanch  of  manufacture,  of  which  we  treat  in  the  succeeding  article. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources 


107 


HEKTR-X-  W.  DRAKELEY .  AARON  FENTON.  JOEL  HINMAN 


(E.taMi.hed  1837)  387  w  BALTIMORE  STREET. 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 


109 


Refilled  Lard. 


»ITHIN  thiee  or  four  years  past  a  new  branch  of  the  Provision  trade  has 
arisen  in  Baltimore,  and,  growing  with  astonishing  rapidity,  has  already 
1  become  one  of  the  important  departments  of  manufacture  and  commerce. 
This  is  the  pieparation  and  exportation  of  Behned  Lard.  The  crude  article 
formerly  exported  as  received  from  Western  markets,  is  now  cleansed  of 
impurities,  in  establishments  conducted  on  a  very  large  scale,  and  being  thus 
rendered  easier  to  handle,  as  well  as  fitter  for  use,  is  sent  in  immense  lots  to 
Europe  and  elsewhere.  There  are  four  refineries  now  engaged  in  this  busi¬ 
ness,  which,  only  three  or  four  years  ago,  was  almost  unknown;  and  of  these 
four,  two  are  also  occupied  in  the  preparation  of  Lard  Oil. 

The  shipments  for  the  last  three  years  have  been  as  follows: 


18?° .  1,791,360  lbs. 

.  4,876,760  “ 

1S72 . 12,622,649  “ 


Gr.  CASSARD  &  SON,' 


AND  D EALERS  IX 


PROVISION'S,  PRIME  LARD  AND  LARD  OIL, 

iTo.s.  407  &  409  West  Baltimore  Street, 

Baltimore. 

GEO.  CASSARD  &  CO. 


No.  46  SOUTH  STBEET,  BALTIMORE. 


110 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 


THOMAS  CASSARD.  JOHN  CASSARD.  F.  W.  CASSARD. 

CASSABD  BEOTHEES, 

LARD  REFINERS 

AND 


UNTO,  ei  SOUTH  STREET, 

BALTIMORE. 


Butter  and  Cheese. 


3^  S  a  market  for  Butter  and  Cheese,  produced  in  the  great  pasture  lands  of 
gK  the  country,  Baltimore  now  fairly  rivals  New  York  City.  The  trade 
+  was  formerly  quite  inconsiderable,  in  the  days  when  each  farmer  made 
into  Cheese  the  products  of  his  own  dairy;  but  since  the  establishment 
of  large  factories,  the  supply  now  of  refined  quality  and  vast  quantity,  is 
an  important  branch  of  commerce  in  both  of  the  cities  named.  The  trans¬ 
portation  facilities  of  our  own  market  for  these  articles  are  now  fully  as  cheap, 
as  rapid,  and  as  convenient  as  those  of  New  York,  while  we  are  nearer  to  the 
large  Cheese  and  Butter  consuming  Southern  country.  As  a  consequence  of 
this  point  in  our  favor,  so  large  a  proportion  of  the  annual  production  comes 
to  Baltimore,  that  occasionally  New  York  merchants  have  found  it  to  their 
advantage  to  purchase  in  this  city;  and  the  daily  sales  here  are  now  several 
hundred  per  centum  greater  than  they  were  a  few  years  ago.  These  remarks, 
though  made  especially  in  reference  to  Cheese,  are  equally  true  in  regard  to 
Butter,  of  which  the  best  article  is  received  in  very  large  quantities  as  cheaply 
as  in  New  York. 

The  trade  in  Butter  has  increased  largely  during  the  year  1872,  the 
receipts  for  that  period  being  10,000,000  pounds,  and  the  receipts  of  Cheese 
during  the  same  time  have  aggregated  fully  as  much  as  during  any  former  year. 


[ESTo.  6  Exchange  [Place, 

CHEESE,  BUTTER  AND  WESTERN  PRODUCE, 

Arriving  Daily,  and  For  Sale  AT  LOWEST  MARKET  RATES, 

We  also  offer  for  sale  ai  Factory  prices,  as  Manufacturer^’  Wholesale  Agents, 

X’.  Kin^sford  &  Son’s  Oswego  Slareli. 

Procter  «C  Gamble's  Oleine  Soap  and  Adamantine  Candles, 

Emil  Mathieia  A  Son's  Clarified  Vinegar, 

Stickney  A  Poor’s  Premium  Mustard, 
Kaphey’s  Choice  I.eaf  Card,  in  3,  5,  10  and  35. Pound  Tin  Pails. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF  ALL  GRADES  OF  REFINED  SUGARS  AND  SYRUPS. 


STIRLING,  AHRENS  &  C0„  AGENTS,  BALTIMORE 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc 


113 


114 


The  Monumental  City. 


Sugar. 

SfN-  tlie  importation  of  Sugar,  as  well  as  of  Coffee,  the  business  of  Baltimore 
has  increased  surprisingly  within  three  years  past.  In  1870,  New  York 
alone  could  show  larger  receipts;  but  in  Sugar  especially,  Boston  reported 
almost  an  equal  amount,  and  Philadelphia  was  not  far  behind.  In  1871,  the 
receipts  at  Baltimore  were  nearly  two-thirds  as  great  as  the  aggregate  of 
Boston,  Philadelphia  and  New  Orleans;  and  the  current  year  shows  thus  far 
a  still  heavier  augmentation  of  the  receipts.  At  the  close  of  the  first  six 
months  of  1872,  the  aggregate  of  imports  for  those  months,  as  compared  with 
the  corresponding  period  of  the  previous  year,  were  as  follows: 


HIIDS. 

i 

BOXES.  BAGS. 

TIERCES. 

BBLS. 

1872,  .  . 
1871,  .  . 

76,024 
69,00  L 

39,193  !  33,000 
23,895  :  21,233 

3,170 

1,431 

6,671 

9,597 

Inc.  6,423 

luc.  15,298  i  Inc.  11,767 

luc.  2,760 

Dec.  2,908 

The  rapid  growth  of  the  trade  in  the  past  four  years  is  displayed  in  the 
following  table  of  receipts: 


1872 . 122,402  lihds.  70,180  boxes,  41,100  bags. 

1871 . 122,075  “  53,945  “  44,020  “ 

1870 .  87,598  “  57,444  “  29,078  “ 

1809 .  81,401  “  57,701  “  10,930  “ 


These  large  cargoes  of  raw  Sugars  are  of  course  brought  to  Baltimore  not 
merely  for  local  consumption;  and  this  introduces  another  extensive  manu¬ 
facturing  interest  of  our  city — the  work  of  the  Sugar  Refineries.  These 
factories  are  of  great  importance,  inasmuch  as  their  influence  upon  the 
prosperity  of  the  city  reaches  far  beyond  the  mere  employment  of  a  given 
number  of  laborers,  or  the  production  of  a  certain  value  in  merchantable 
wares.  By  them  importation  is  promoted,  and  our  port  is  made  to  assume  a 
high  position  as  the  great  medium  of  traffic  in  one  of  the  principal  articles  of 
necessity  in  the  civilized  world;  while  every  means  of  transportation  is  ca  led 
into  activity  by  the  requirements  for  distribution  of  the  immense  product. 

In  the  Baltimore,  Maryland,  Calvert  and  Chesapeake  Refineries  the  aggregate 
amount  of  the  crude  material  worked  up  during  the  year  1871  was  109,980,000 
pounds,  from  which  were  produced  91,000,000  pounds  refined  Sugar,  and 
1,929,272  gallons  Syrup.  Two  other  companies,  the  Canton  and  Merchants’, 
which  are  employed  in  preparing  Sugar  from  Molasses,  boiled  in  1871,  23,000 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources 


115 


MARYLAND  SU3AR  RRFINING  COMPANY, 


116 


The  Monumental  City, 


hogsheads  of  Molasses,  producing  11.300,000  pounds  of  yellow  Sugar,  and 
440,000  gallons  of  Syrup.  During  that  year,  the  receipts  of  Molasses,  though 
so  largely  in  excess  of  the  previous  years,  were  inadequate  to  the  needs  of  the 
several  establishments,  and  work  was  suspended  much  earlier  in  the  season 
than  is  usual,  in  consequence  of  the  deficiency  of  material.  The  Canton 
company,  which  worked  up  during  the  season  8,000  hogsheads,  with  a 
capacity  of  15,000  hogsheads,  was  compelled  to  draw  half  even  of  this  reduced 
amount  from  Northern  markets.  This  deficiency  of  course  suggested  the 
necessity  of  heavier  importations,  and  the  receipts  of  the  current  year,  as 
shown  above,  have  been  much  larger. 

Baltimore  is  undoubtedly  destined  to  become  a  great  market  for  both  crude 
and  refined  Sugars  and  Molasses,  and  the  character  of  the  gentlemen  who 
control  the  trade  should  be  a  sufficient  inducement  for  purchasers  to  seek  our 
city,  when  the  other  inducements  offered  compare  so  favorably  with  other 
places. 

- ■  - - 

Coffee. 


«OFFEE  is  an  article  of  importation  in  which  Baltimore  stands  second 
among  the  ports  of  the  United  States;  more  prominently  so,  indeed,  than 
<*>  in  the  case  of  Sugar,  as  here  the  receipts  are  more  than  twice  the  aggregate 
entries  at  the  three  other  chief  ports,  of  Boston,  Philadelphia  and  New 
Orleans.  The  amount  recorded  for  1871,  at  Baltimore,  was  9.2,892,904 
pounds,  principally  Brazil,  (or  Rio,)  while  the  receipts  at  Philadelphia, 
5,792,915,  at  Boston,  6.398,256,  and  at  New  Orleans,  33,072,914,  make  a  total 
of  45,264,085  pounds — less  than  half  that  of  Baltimore,  notwithstanding  the 
great  importance  of  New  Orleans  as  the  port  of  distribution  to  the  valley  of 
the  lower  Mississippi.  The  large  supply  given  above  is  yet  below  the  real 
amount,  as  large  cargoes  are  shipped  westward  under  bond  without  showing 
to  the  credit  of  Baltimore  on  the  books  of  the  Custom-House. 

The  following  average  of  monthly  sales  during  five  years  will  give  an  idea 
of  the  rapid  progress  of  the  trade: 

(160  lbs.  to  the  bag.) 


For  1867 . 20,810  bags,  or  3,329,600  lbs. 

“  1868 . 20,919  “  “  3,347,040  “ 

“  1869 . 29,534  “  “  4,724,440  “ 

“  1870 . 42,213  “  “  6,754,080  “ 

“  1871 . 45,900  “  “  7,344,000  “ 

“  1872  . 32,922  “  “  5,267,520  “ 


The  crop  of  1872  was  short;  Baltimore  importing  its  full  share. 

Baltimore,  indeed,  has  become  a  port  of  entry  in  coffee,  even  for  New  York 
merchants,  in  consequence  of  the  facilities  offered  for  economical  handling, 
and  for  cheap  and  speedy  transportation  to  various  points  in  the  West. 


117 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 

BARKLEY  &  HASSON, 

No.  50  South  Charles  Street,  Baltimore, 


MANUFACTURERS, 


CREAM  TARTAR,  MONUMENTAL  YEAST  POWDER, 

The  “Enterprise”  Roasted  Coffee, 

Packed  in  1  fb  Papers. 

DEALERS  X  HKT 

Coffees,  Teas,  Spices,  Starches, 

Soaps,  Sodas,  Ess.  Coffee,  Canned  Fruits, 

Grocers ’  Drugs,  Candies,  Lye,  Extracts , 
Shoe  Blacking,  S?c. 

ESTABLISHED  1BSS. 


G.  H.  REESE  &  BROTHERS, 


207  «£  209 

W.  Pratt  Street, 


BALTIMORE 


118 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 


Charles  Reese.  Percy  M.  Reese,. 

CHARLES  REESE  &  SON, 

IlNtlltS  (IF  AMI  DIAIEIS  111 

Wines,  Fruits  and  Fine  Groceries, 

COR.  EUTAW,  MADISON  &  GARDEN  STS. 

•  '  *s  f  '  "  •  1  *  *"  s '  ’r 

BALTIMORE, 

Have  at  all  times  a  complete  assortment  of  Choice  Family  Groceries* 

AT  LOWEST  CASH  PRICES. 

SZEXSTXD  FOR  LIST  OP1  PRICES— FREE. 

Salt. 

f  HE  three  great  markets  for  Salt  in  this  country  are  New  Orleans,  New 
York  and  Baltimore.  We  name  them  in  point  of  prominence.  The 
•4°  article  itself  is  such  an  absolute  necessity  that  the  wonder  has  often  been 
expressed  from  where  does  it  all  come.  Liverpool,  Turk’s  Island  and  some  of 
the  local  wells,  situated  principally  in  the  States  of  New  York,  Michigan, 
Ohio  and  West  Virginia,  furnish  the  bulk  of  the  article  consumed  in  this 
country.  There  have  been  brought  from  the  West  Indies  to  this  port  during 
the  past  year  about  150,000  more  bushels  of  Salt  than  at  any  similar  period 
of  our  history.  The  importation  from  Liverpool  has  somewhat  slackened 
during  the  same  time,  owing  to  the  strikes  at  Liverpool,  and  high  prices  and 
scarcity  only;  but  the  figures  made  up  by  one  of  the  largest  Salt  dealers  in 
America,  very  clearly  indicate  that  Baltimore  is  to  become  the  greatest  market 
on  the  Atlantic  seaboard  for  the  importation  and  sale  of  that  commodity. 
The  fact  that  gentlemen  of  undoubted  probity  and  substantial  resources  have 
control  of  the  Salt  market  in  Baltimore,  should  be  an  inducement  to  all 
buyers  in  the  South  and  West  to  come  to  this  city  for  their  supplies.  The 
facilities  for  importation  are  unequalled  and  the  prices  correspondingly  low. 
The  rates  of  freight  and  railroad  transportation  are  not  surpassed  in  this 
country  for  cheapness,  dispatch  and  security  to  the  buyer. 


8 


120 


The  Monumental  City, 

STE  WAYRT  &  CO. 


-A.JSTTD 


COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 


jS"o.  13  1ST.  HOWARD  STREET, 

BALTIMORE. 


if  1 1 E  Tea  trade  of  Baltimore  is  a  large  and  growing  interest.  Prior  to  the 
ln$  establishment  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company,  Teas  were  brought 
*  direct  from  the  East  to  New  York.  This  Line  to  some  extent  changed1  * 
the  direction  of  Eastern  goods ;  but  the  completion  of  the  Central  Pacific 
Railroad,  and  the  low  rates  for  freight  established  by  that  corporation,  have 
effected  a  complete  revolution  in  the  Tea  trade.  Tea  is  now  brought  by  water 
to  the  Pacific  coast,  and  shipped  overland  to  the  Eastern  Cities  of  America. 

The  geographical  position  of  our  City,  and  the  energy  of  her  Merchants, 
have  secured  for  her  much  of  the  trade,  which  was  formerly  monopolized  bv 
New  York.  At  least,  one  of  the  largest  Houses  in  Baltimore  has  a  member 
of  the  firm  in  the  East,  as  special  agent  for  the  selection  and  purchase  of 
Teas;  and  all  those  engaged  in  the  business  are  very  careful  of  the  character 
of  the  goods  offered  to  the  market.  Large  quantities  of  Tea  are  shipped  from 
Baltimore  to  the  South,  and  South-West;  and  from  present  indications  our 
City  at  no  distant  day  will  compare  favorably  with  her  sister  Cities  on  the 
Atlantic  coast,  in  this  very  extensive  branch  of  commerce. 

Martin  Gillet,  Martin  Gillet  &  Co. 

Established  1815.  Established  1832. 

IHARTIN  GILLET  &  CO. 

70  EXCHANGE  PLACE,  BALTIMORE, 

Importers  of  China  and  Japan  Teas, 

Also,  JAPAN  FANS. 

Office  in  New  York,  05  Front  Street. 


121 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 

GEO.  SANDERS  &  SONS, 

IMPORTERS  A.  1ST  ID  JOBBERS  OF 


G5  EXCHANGE  PLACE, 

_ _  _  BALTIMORE. 

Rice. 

(JFIHE  Rice  Market  of  Baltimore,  without  very  great  variation  in  the  total 
jfjj  amount  of  its  business,  has  changed  considerably  in  its  character  during 
^  the  years  of  which  we  take  especial  note  in  this  sketch.  Domestic  crops 
are  now  consumed  wholly  within  the  United  States,  and  fall  considerably 
below  the  needs  of  the  country;  and  in  consequence  of  this,  and  the  cheap 
rates  of  through  shipment,  much  of  the  business  in  home-grown  Rice  is  done 
in  Charleston  and  New  Orleans.  On  the  other  hand,  and  in  consequence  of 
this  insufficiency,  the  receipts  of  foreign  Rice  have  greatly  increased,  and  the 
report  of  the  current  year  shows  an  aggregate  at  least  fifty  per  cent  in  excess 
of  last  or  any  previous  year — say  25,000  bags  as  compared  with  15,000  for  the 
entire  receipts  of  1871.  In  exact  figures,  there  were  received  last  year  25,618 
bags,  in  1871,  15,873  bags,  and  in  1870,  8,980  bags.  The  report  of  domestic 
Rice,  for  the  same  years,  shows  also  a  slight  excess  in  favor  of  1871,  over 
1870,  notwithstanding  the  short  crops  in  the  South. 

Of  the  foreign  cargoes  received,  fully  three-fourths  are  sold  for  home 
consumption,  but  the  sales  for  exportation  to  the  West  Indies  and  elsewhere 
abroad,  are  steadily  increasing.  Among  the  kinds  of  Rice  brought  from  the 
East  Indies,  that  called  Patna  Rice,  said  to  be  produced  from  American  seed, 
and  which  has  a  fine,  bright,  slender  grain,  is  a  favorite  article.  Rangoon 
Rice  is  received  in  large  quantities  for  shipment  to  the  West  Indies,  and  when 
of  very  good  quality,  often  goes  largely  into  consumption  in  the  United  States. 


JE  Di  IS  H Ex  13  S  COi 


87  SECOND  STREET,  BALTIMORE. 


122 


The  Monumental  City, 


Spices. 


f  |EW  articles  are  more  generally  used  than  manufactured  Spices.  They 
appear  upon  the  table  of  every  household  in  the  city,  and  enter  into  the 
^  preparation  of  nearly  all  the  dishes  that  are  served  for  human  consump¬ 
tion,  and  yet  but  few  are  aware  of  the  extent  of  their  manufacture,  or  the 
vast  amount  consumed.  In  Baltimore  there  are  five  extensive  establishments 
engaged  in  their  production,  besides  a  number  of  smaller  houses,  which  do  a 
flourishing  business.  Pepper,  Ginger,  Cloves,  Nutmegs,  Mace,  Cassia,  Cayenne, 
&c.,  &c.,  are  manufactured  in  immense  quantities,  and  of  a  character  certainly 
equal  to  the  productions  of  the  factories  in  any  other  sections  of  the  country. 
The  very  best  materials  are  used  by  the  manufacturers,  and  our  market  in 
this  regard  is  entirely  independent  of  all  others.  Jobbers  complete  their 
stocks  from  the  home  factories,  and  their  experience  is  decidedly  favorable  to 
a  continuance  of  this  system.  Large  capital  is  invested  in  the  business,  and 
the  gentlemen  engaged  in  it  are  among  our  most  reliable  and  sterling  mer¬ 
chants.  This  fact  gives  confidence  that  in  a  trade  where  probity  and  fair 
dealing  are  absolutely  essential,  dealers  can  purchase  with  the  utmost 
security.  The  manufacture  of  Spices  in  Baltimore  has  already  assumed 
large  proportions,  and  the  demand  increasing  every  day,  will  doubtless  lead 
to  an  indefinite  expansion  of  the  trade  in  the  future.  The  manufactured 
goods  are  sent  from  this  city  in  immense  quantities  to  the  South,  West  and 
North-West,  and  to  the  neighboring  States. 


Fish. 


Stf  MONG-  the  many  advantages  offered  by  the  location  of  the  City  of  Balti- 
more,  are  the  products  of  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  whose  waters  teem  with 
^  F ish  suited  to  the  table  of  the  most  fastidious  epicure,  as  well  as  adapted 
to  the  requirements  of  trade.  In  almost  every  season  the  markets  are  sup¬ 
plied  with  its  offerings,  and  the  Bay  Mackerel,  Potomac  and  Susquehanna 
Shad,  Sheepshead,  Drum,  Taylor,  Rock,  white  and  yellow  Perch,  and  other 
numerous  varieties  are  supplied  in  greater  quantities  and  more  decided 
excellence  than  can  be  found  in  any  port  of  this  or  any  other  country.  In 
addition  to  these,  large  quantities  of  Shad  and  Llerring  are  vearly  caught  at 
the  fisheries  on  the  shores  of  the  bay  and  its  tributaries,  which  find  their 
way  to  this  mart,  and  form  an  important  article  of  trade  and  commerce. 
Owing  to  the  geographical  position  of  Baltimore  it  is  also  a  centre  for  the 
distribution  over  its  various  railroads  of  the  Fish  from  the  British  Provinces 
and  the  Nevf  Lngland  States,  and  the  Carolinas  j  the  Western  country  being 
almost  entirely  supplied  from  this  Port  with  these  commodities. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


123 


OEO.  M.  LAMB. 


EDW.  L.  KEMP. 


Successors  to  GIST  &  WELLS, 


* 


Nos.  120  &  128  8.  EUTAW STREET, 


Opposite  Balto.  and  Ohio  E.  E.  Depot, 


BALTIMORE. 


Soap  and  Candles. 

HE  manufacture,  of  Soap  and  Candles  has  been  carried  on  in  Baltimore 
for  many  years  past,  and  there  are  now  in  the  City  five  large  factories, 
y  with  quite  a  number  of  smaller  establishments.  At  two  of  the  larger 
Houses,  Candles  are  manufactured  on  a  considerable  scale.  Large  shipments 
are  made  to  the  West  Indies,  and  also  to  other  foreign  regions,  especially  Cape 
of  Good  Hope.  Notwithstanding  the  influences  exerted  against  this  trade  by 
the  general  use  of  coal  oil  in  various  forms,  and  the  extensive  introduction 
of  gas,  the  exportation  from  Baltimore  has  been  at  least  quadrupled  during 
the  past  twenty  years. 

JAS.  ARMSTRONG  &  CO. 


MANUFACTURERS'  OF 


AND 

Hard  Pressed  Tallow  Candles, 

CONCORD  ST. 


CHAS.  WEBB. 

THOS.  ARMSTRONG. 


BALTIMORE. 


SMITH  d2  CURLETT, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 


ADAMANTINE  AND  TALLO  W  CANDLES, 

Corner  of  Holliday  and  Pleasant  Streets, 

BALTIMORE. 


124 


The  Mohumehtal  City, 


James  Really.  George  R.  Skillnmii. 

JAMES  BEATTY  &  CO. 

STEAM 

Cracker,  Cake  and  Ship  Biscuit 

BAKERS, 

JYos.  92,  94:  and  96  Dugan’s  Wharf, 

3NTE.A_:Ft  PRATT  STREET,  BALTIMORE. 


Matches. 


i 

MHE  manufacture  of  Matches  was  commenced  in  this  City  in  1865,  under 
Mj  favorable  auspices.  Experienced  and  skillful  workmen  were  employed ; 

T  and  the  interest  has  steadily  increased  in  importance.  At  present 
upwards  of  one  hundred  hands  are  employed,  and  from  two  hundred  and 
fifty  to  three  hundred  gross  are  daily  manufactured.  Both  Sulphur  and 
Parlor  Matches  are  made  which  compare  favorably  in  quality,  with  those 
manufactured  elsewhere  in  the  country.  Baltimore  is  the  only  city  south  of 
Wilmington,  Delaware,  where  these  very  necessary  articles  are  manufactured; 
and  Whence  the  demand  is  very  great.  Besides  supplying  the  home  market, 
large  quantities  are  sent  to  the  South,  at  rates  certainly  as  favorable  as  are 
offered  in  any  other  localities.  The  superiority  of  Baltimore  Matches  has 
created  for  them  a  popularity  in  some  localities,  which  has  materially 
enlarged  the  business.  T  his  branch  of  industry  is  growing  in  importance, 
and  the  fact  that  all  the  materials  necessary  in  the  manufacture  can  be 
purchased  here,  makes  it  specially  remunerative. 


WEEDON,  ARMSTEAD  &  CO. 

■Ill O jLLI  (J IilLlib  OF 

Sulphur  and  Parlor  Matches 

COMPA^y 

13  CHEAPSIDE, 

BALTIMORE. 

Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


125 


Imported  Wines  and  Liquors. 

|IN  addition  to  the  Whiskey  trade  of  our  city,  quite  a  large  business  is  done 
3j!  Imported  Wines  and  Liquors.  Before  the  civil  war,  in  this  country, 
d5  large  quantities  of  Brandies  and  superior  Wines  were  imported  into  this 
market.  But  the  excessive  duties  afterwards  imposed,  caused  a  falling  off  in 
the  consumption.  The  establishment  of  the  Bremen  and  Allan  Lines  of 
►Steamers,  together  with  partial  reduction  in  duties,  have  very  materially 
revived  this  branch  of  our  commerce;  and  to-day  Baltimore  can  compare 
favorably  with  other  cities  both  in  the  stock  offered  to  buyers,  and  the 
character  of  the  gentlemen  engaged  in  the  business.  The  fashions  have 
somewhat  changed  in  this  branch  ot  industry  of  late  years.  The  introduction 
of  Lager-Beer  and  the  cheapness  of  Whiskey  as  compared  with  foreign 
Brandies,  &c.,  and  the  finer  classes  of  Wines,  have  altered  to  a  very  consid¬ 
erable  extent  the  public  taste,  and  at  present  large  quantities  of  the  cheaper 
French  and  German  Wines,  together  with  heavy  invoices  of  “Brown  Stout,” 
India  Ales,  and  fermented  Liquors  are  brought  to  this  Port.  Gin,  too,  is 
imported  in  considerable  quantities;  and  the  wholesale  dealers  in  this  City 
have  always  on  hand  choice  selections  of  the  finest  Foreign  Wines  and 
Liquors,  and  offer  inducements  to  customers  certainly  not  inferior  to  those 
extended  by  other  cities. 


LAURENCE  THOMSEN  &  CO. 

IMPORTERS 


OF 


AND  DEALERS  IN 


FINE  OLD  RYE  WHISKIES, 

No.  114  WEST  LOMBARD  STREET, 

NEAR  CHARLES  STREET,  BALTIMORE. 


GHAS.  II.  MYERS  <£  BRO. 

IMPORTERS  OF 


RUM,  SCOTCH  ALE,  BROWN  STOUT. 


SALAD  OIL,  CASTILE  SOAP,  &C. 

CONSTANTLY  ON  HAND 

CHOICE  OHIO  ZRTSTIE  Sc  BOURBON  WHISKEY, 
No.  72  EXCHANGE  PLACE,  -  -  BALTIMORE. 


126 


The  Monumental  City, 

GEO.  P.  THOMAS  &  CO. 

DEALERS  IN 

Foreign  and  Domestic 


No.  385  W.  Baltimore  Street ,  Baltimore. 


Whiskev. 


jjpOR  many  years,  Baltimore  has  borne  a  reputation  deservedly  high  for 
fljtj  the  manufacture  of  fine  Rye  Whiskies,  and  at  this  writing  controls 
^  the  markets  of  the  United  States  in  these  grades.  The  manufacture 
of  Whiskies  of  all  kinds  and  qualities  is  extensively  carried  on  in  and  around 
the  city;  and  the  sales  foot  up  an  aggregate  in  barrels,  which  mark  it  as  one 
of  our  most  important  industries.  Five  Houses  are  at  present  engaged  in 
its  production,  with  a  capacity  in  the  aggregate  of  4,500  bushels  of  grain, 
or  from  450  to  500  barrels  of  the  raw  material  daily.  Fully  two  hundred 
Houses,  large  and  small,  are  engaged  in  the  Liquor  trade.  Six  of  the  larger 
sell  50,000  barrels  annually,  while  the  business  transacted  by  the  others, 
placing  it  at  50,000  barrrels,  a  moderate  estimate,  will  bring  the  sum  total  of 
sales,  to  100,000  barrels  annually.  The  capital  invested  in  the  Whiskey 
business  in  this  city  is  about  $3,000,000,  while  the  receipts  from  sales, 
allowing  an  average  price  of  $1.50  per  gallon,  would  aggregate  $6,000,000. 
Of  course  the  large  amount  of  Whiskey  manufactured  and  sold  here  is  not 
all  intended  for  home  consumption.  To  the  extreme  South,  heavy  shipments 
of  the  very  best  grades  of  Rye  Whiskey  are  made;  while  with  the  neighboring 
States,  the  trade  consists  principally  of  inferior  grades.  Massachusetts, 
New  Y  ork  and  northern  Pennsylvania,  also  consume  large  quantities  manu¬ 
factured  here.  In  the  West,  where  the  people  have  heretofore  used  exclusively 
the  Bourbon  or  Corn  Whiskey,  manufactured  in  the  vicinity  of  Louisville 
and  Cincinnati,  a  taste  is  developing  for  the  better  grades  of  Baltimore  “Old 
Rye.’  The  increase  since  the  war  in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  Whiskey 
in  this  city  has  been  very  decided,  and  the  evidences  furnished  by  the  trans¬ 
actions  ot  the  last  two  years,  lead  to  the. conclusion  that  its  expansion  will  be 
more  rapid  in  the  future. 


127 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 

W.  T.  WALTERS  <£  CO. 

6  8  EXCHANGE  PLACE, 


BALTIMORE. 


WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 


128 


The  Monumental  City, 

ESTABLISHED  1825. 


THOS.  J,  FLACK  &  SOUS, 

WINES  A.  HI)  LIQUORS 

52  SOUTH  STREET,  BALTIMORE. 


I 


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FLACK  BROTHERS, 

Distillers  of  Eye  and  Bourbon  Whiskies,  Rum,  Gin  and  Brandy, 

OFFICE,  52  SOUTH  STREET,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

Distillery,  bounded  by  Clinton  and  First  Streets  and  Fifth  and  Sixth  Avenues. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


129 


Grain. 

J 

the  commercial  centre  of  a  large  and  wonderfully  rich 
agricultural  region,  has  long  been  one  of  the  leading  Grain  markets  of 
^  this  country.  The  soil  and  climate  of  the  sections  naturally  tributary 
to  our  city,  are  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  growth  of  cereals.  Prior  to  the 
development  of  the  gigantic  West,  and  the  introduction  and  extension  of 
railroads,  a  short  or  full  crop  of  Grain  on  the  « Chesapeake”  established  the 
value  of  Breadstuffs  along  the  entire  Atlantic  coast.  The  portions  of  our 
country  which  more  immediately  feed  the  Baltimore  market,  comprise  the 
State  of  Maryland,  a  large  part  of  Virginia,  witli  sections  of  Delaware, 
Pennsylvania,  and  North  Carolina. 

Those  divisions  which  lie  more  directly  on  the  Chesapeake,  produce  the 
very  finest  varieties  of  Wheat;  unsurpassed,  and  probably  not  equalled  in 
quality  by  that  grown  in  any  other  part  of  the  world;  being  of  a  bright  color, 
thin  skin,  plump  berry,  and  rich  in  gluten.  The  Baltimore  milling  demand 
for  this  high  grade  Wheat,  absorbs  nearly  the  whole  crop  at  high  prices; 
leaving  but  little  or  none  for  export,  or  for  neighboring  markets.  The  Corn 
produced  in  this  favored  section,  is  also  of  superior  quality.  “  Baltimore 
White  Corn”  is  well-known,  and  sought  after  by  the  trade  of  the  Atlantic 
States  and  Great  Britain  whenever  a  high  grade  article  for  human  food  is 
wanted.  The  waters  of  the  Chesapeake  furnish  a  rapid  and  cheap  mode  of 
transportation  to  farmers,  in  vessels  whose  tonnage  is  from  two  to  five  thousand 
bushels.  The  cargoes  are  taken  immediately  from  their  farms,  at  a  cost  of 
five  to  seven  cents  per  bushel,  and  reach  market  in  one  to  five  days.  - 

With  the  radical  change  in  the  labor  system,  and  the  sub-division  of  farms, 
this  rich  section  of  country  is  destined  to  rapid  development,  and  great 
increase  of  crops.  It  offers  to  capable  and  industrious  farmers  with  moderate 
means,  the  finest  opportunity  for  location  and  settlement,  that  can  now  be 
presented. 

The  completion  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  and  the  extension  of 
its  Western  connections,  together  with  the  facilities  granted  by  its  great 
competitor,  the  Pennsylvania  Company,  have  caused  a  large  increase  in  the 
Grain  trade  of  Baltimore  during  the  past  few  years.  With  a  wise  policy,  and 
proper  facilities  extended  by  the  management  of  these  Roads,  we  hope  soon 
to  recover  our  former  paramount  importance;  or  at  least  to  become  a  close 
competitor  with  the  present  leading  market  on  the  coast. 

An  extensive  Grain  Elevator  established  by  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Rail¬ 
road  Company,  facilitating  the  handling  of  Western  Grain,  has  greatly 
increased  the  receipts  of  Corn;  so  that  Baltimore  has  already  become  a 
considerable  exporting  Corn  Port.  The  success  attending  this  enterprise  has 


130 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 


led  to  the  projection  of  several  others  of  a  similar  character.  The  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  Railroad  Company  we  learn  will  immediately  build  additional 
Elevators,  and  the  Pennsylvania  Company  having  obtained  desirable  property 
on  deep  water,  at  Canton,  will  soon  erect  another;  thus  enabling  our  Mer¬ 
chants  eager  for  the  trade,  to  handle  our  portion  of  the  ever  increasing 
surplus  of  the  West. 

The  extension  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  to  Chicago,  must  add 
largely  to  the  receipts  of  our  Port,  and  enable  Northwestern  Wheat  to  reach 
foreign  markets  through  Baltimore,  at  cheaper  rates,  and  in  better  condition 
than  by  any  other  route. 

The  rigid  inspection  of  Crain  established  by  the  Corn  and  Flour  Exchange, 
together  with  the  great  care  exercised  by  shippers,  have  already  given  to  cargoes 
shipped  from  Baltimore,  a  very  high  reputation  abroad ;  thereby  maintaining 
the  boasted  supremacy  of  our  market  for  quality.  Since  the  establishment 
of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Elevator,  the  receipts  of  Corn  have  largely 
increased.  For  the  first  six  months  of  1872,  5,908,000  bushels  were  received, 
against  2,398,000  for  the  same  period  of  the  previous  year;  and  5,735,000 
bushels  for  the  entire  year  1871.  The  extensive  improvements  and  additions 
to  our  Railroad  facilities,  and  other  causes,  will  in  the  near  future  magnify 
our  Grain  trade  to  such  proportions,  as  the  most  sanguine  amongst  us  can 
now  scarcely  appreciate. 

We  append  a  table  showing  the  comparative  receipts  of  Grain  at  this 
market  for  four  years: 


1872. 

1871. 

1870. 

1869. 

Wheat . 

....  2,456,100 

4,076,017 

3,039,357 

3,249,995 

Corn . . 

.  ..  9,045,465 

5,735,921 

3,831,676 

3,923,563 

Oats . 

....  1,959,161 

1,833,409 

1,243,720 

1,171,424 

Rye . 

90,938 

88,956 

77,778 

177,246 

Peas . 

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

10,000 

Beans . . 

35,000 

30,000 

30,000 

30,000 

Total . 

. 13,596,664 

11,774,303 

8,232,531 

8,562,228 

JOUST  &ILL  &  CO. 

Commission  and  Shipping  Merchants, 


Liberal  advances  made  on  consignments  of  Cotton, 
Grain,  and  other  Produce,  to  our  care . 


XT.  S.  BONDED  STORES 

AND 

FREE  WAREHOUSES. 

The  Baltimore  W" arehouse  Company, 

Chartered  by  the  State  of  Maryland,  January,  1867,  with  an  authorized  capital 

of  One  Million  Dollars,  are  prepared  to 

STORE  MERCHANDIZE,  BONDED  OR  FREE, 

On  which  they  will  make  liberal  advances,  if  required. 

OFFICE— No.  2  RIALTO  BUILDINGS,  SECOND  STREET. 

3DXR.EOTOE.S. 

JOHNS  HOPKINS,  W.  E.  HOOPER, 

THOMAS  KENSET,  S.  M.  SHOEMAKER, 

HENRY  JAMES,  JAMES  A.  GARY, 

JAMES  S.  WHEDBEE. 

JAMES  H.  BARNEY,  President. 
C.  A.  FOOTE,  Secretary. 

Monumental  Cotton  Press  and  Warehouse, 

STORAGE  CAPACITY,  5,000  BALES, 
IN'SXJRYYTsTCE  MINIMUM, 

WITH  TWO  WATER  FRONTS, 

ADJOINING  CHARLESTON  S.  S.  WHARF,  UNION  DOCK. 

E.  G.  Uhthoff,  Proprietor. 

J.  M.  Uhthoff,  Agent. 


Maryland  Institution  for  the  Instruction  of  the  Blind, 

NORTH  AVENUE,  BALTIMORE. 


DIRECTORS  AND  OFFICERS  OF  THE  INSTITUTION 


J.  Howard  McHenry, 
Dr.  Wm.  Fisher, 

B.  F.  Newcomer, 
George  N.  Eaton, 

W.  W.  Glenn, 

Jacob  Trust, 

President, 

J  HOWARD  McHENRY. 
Superintendent, 


DIRECTORS. 

F.  T.  King, 

Charles  J.  Baker, 
Charles  E.  Wethered, 
John  T.  Morris, 

E.  Wyatt  Blanchard, 
Jacob  Tome, 

Secretary, 

JOHN  T.  MORRIS. 
Physician, 


George  S.  Brown, 
John  Glenn, 

George  M.  Rogers, 
Wm.  A.  Fisher, 

F.  W.  Brune, 

J.  J.  Jackson. 

Treasurer, 

B.  F.  NEWCOMER. 


Oculist, 

E.  D.  MORRISON.  JAMES  A.  STEUART.  RUSSELL  MURDOCH,  M.  D. 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 


133 


ISRAEL  M.  PARR.  HENRY  A.  PARR. 


I.  M.  PARE  &  SON, 


BALTIMORE. 


Flour. 

A/ 

Jlf  REVIEW  of  the  Flour  and  Meal  trade  naturally  follows  that  of  Grain. 
S;  The  requirements  of  merchants  engaged  in  the  Breadstuffs  trade,  led  to 
a  the  establishment  of  the  Corn  and  Flour  Exchange,  where  this  business 
is  exclusively  transacted. 

The  high  character  and  position  of  the  merchants  engaged  in  this  trade  in 
Baltimore,  is  proverbial,  and  excelled  nowhere  in  America.  Baltimore 
situated  in  the  centre  of  a  great  Wheat  growing  country,  has  always  main¬ 
tained  the  first-class  reputation  as  a  Flour  market.  The  Grain  is  obtained 
principally  from  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  Maryland,  and  the  West.  The 
manufacturing  capacity  of  our  city  is  extensive.  Large  and  substantial 
Mills,  with  all  modern  improvements,  are  located  upon  powerful  streams 
within  and  contiguous  to  the  city  ;  and  several  large  Steam  Mills  of  great 
power  are  favorably  located.  The  great  drought  of  the  past  few  years,  the 
consequent  diminution  of  water,  and  its  interference  with  milling  operations, 
have  caused  some  proprietors  of  Mills  to  add  to  their  water-power,  steam 
engines  to  supply  the  constantly  increasing  demands.  The  Flour  manufac¬ 
tured  in  Baltimore,  from  the  high  grade  and  fancy  Maryland  and  Virginia 
Wheat,  is  of  well-known  superior  quality,  and  wherever  introduced  main¬ 
tains  this  reputation.  The  highest  grade  for  family  use,  such  as  the  famous 
“  Patapsco  ”  brand  and  others  well-known,  are  unsurpassed,  if  ever  equalled 
in  the  world,  and  have  become  the  standard  in  markets,  for  the  best  grades. 

A  very  high  grade  of  u  Strong  Flour,”  a  quality  well-known  to  the  trade 
and  to  bakers,  is  also  manufactured  with  great  care  in  this  city  for  shipment 
to  Brazil  and  other  South  American  ports.  This  Flour  is  capable  of  standing 
long  voyages  to  the  tropics.  Its  quality  is  due  to  the  peculiarity  of  the 


134 


The  Monumental  City, 


Wheat  grown  in  this  section,  in  addition  to  judicious  selection  and  careful 
attention  bestowed  on  its  milling.  The  proprietors  of  the  celebrated  “Rio” 
brands,  such  as  the  “Mount  Vernon”  and  others,  are  very  jealous  and 
deservedly  proud  of  their  reputation,  which  is  equal  to  that  of  any  Flour 
ground  and  shipped  from  the  States.  The  Country  and  Western  Flour 
received  heie  for  sale  is  generally  of  high  or  good  grade,  and  is  exported  to 
Europe  and  the  West  Indies,  or  goes  into  domestic  consumption.  Inferior 
or  very  low  grades  are  not  received  in  any  quantities,  as  they  are  not  suitable 

to  the  market;  and  merchants  will  not  take  them  to  the  profit  of  the 
shippers. 

Aftei  continued  effort  by  the  trade,  the  compulsory  State  inspection  laws 
with  regard  to  Flour,  were  abolished  by  the  Legislature,  and  expired  on  the 
first  day  of  May,  1872.  These  laws  were  always  an  incubus  upon  trade,  and 
resulted  in  giving  us  incompetent  inspectors,  (whose  sole  recommendation 
was  party  fidelity,)  to  examine  and  report  the  quality  of  goods  submitted  to 
them.  We  have  done  with  them.  The  only  inspection  of  Flour  now  with 
us  is  voluntary.  The  merits  of  the  article  itself,  the  judgment  of  the  buyer, 
and  above  all,  the  character  and  reputation  of  the  miller  or  seller,  are  the 
safeguards  against  imposition  and  fraud,  and  these  are  sufficient  without  the 
dictum  of  an  ignoramus  to  “brand”  the  goods  according  to  his  bad  judgment 
prejudice  or  partiality. 

Ouv  market  has  been  singularly  free  from  any  of  the  disreputable  practices 
said  to  prevail  elsewhere.  In  fact  the  trade  “wont  stand  it.”  We  look  to 
reputation  as  a  guarantee  of  the  goods. 

With  the  opening  and  extension  of  the  various  arteries  of  trade,  we  confi¬ 
dently  look  forward  to  a  rapid  development  of  the  Flour  Trade  of  this  Port, 

together  with  an  increase  of  receipts  of  Western  Wheat,  and  a  large  addition 
to  our  milling  capacity. 

The  following  table  will  show  the  receipts  of  Flour  at  this  market  for  the 
last  four  years : 


jjV . .  bids. 

'7 . 1,123,028  « 

™ . 1,117,314  “ 

. 1,051,251  “ 

In  addition  to  the  trade  of  Flour,  large  quantities  of  White  Corn  are  ground 
m  and  around  the  city  for  domestic  consumption,  and  for  the  contiguous 
eoimtiy.  \  ellow  Corn,  kiln-dried,  ground  and  packed  in  barrels  for  ship- 
men  o  le  It  est  Indies,  and  British  Provinces,  is  an  important  article  of 

,7m1C  "rd  A  tC<TerCe;  HOminy’  UePared  from  a  peculiar  variety 
1  '  y ,  11  ''  11 0ln  superior  quality,  is  manufactured  on  a  large 

scale,  and  meets  with  a  great  domestic  and  export  demand. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Kesources. 


135 


SOUTH  ST.,  WOOD  ST.  and  BOWLY’S  WHARF, 


MAIN  ENTRANCE  ON  SOUTH  STREET. 

- m  ^ - 

S.  SPRIGG  BELT,  . President. 

J.  M.  GIRVIN  and  GEO.  F.  AN  PERSON,  -----  Vice  Presidents 
R.  M.  WYLIE,  -  -  -  Treasurer.  \  WM.  F.  WHEA  TLEY,  -  Secretary 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE: 

H.  F.  TURNER,  JOHN  GILL,  A.  W.  GOLDSBOROUGH. 

j^O  A  F^D  OF  JD I F^E CTO F^S  FOR  1873. 

Jas.  E.  Tyson,  Herman  Williams,  Allen  Dorsey,  Thos.  I.  Dail, 
Frank  Hersch,  Edwin  Hewes,  Harry  McCoy,  Geo.  P.  Williar, 
J.  M.  Girvin,  Geo.  E.  Anderson,  K.  M.  Wylie,  II.  F.  Turner. 
John  Gill,  A.W.Goldsborough,  S.  Sprigg  Belt, 


Corn  Hub  Jjlonr  feljangr,  of  galfimorr,  was  established  in  1853,  for  the  promo¬ 
tion  of  the  general  business  of  the  city,  but  more  particularly  for  the  facilitation  of  trade  in 
Breadstuffs,  and  the  convenience  of  parties  engaged  therein.  Since  its  establishment,  having 
grown  in  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the  community,  it  has  of  necessity  attracted  many 
associate  interests,  and  has  thus  become  the  leading  and  most  influential  commercial  organization 
in  the  city.  Its  usefulness  and  influence  are  being  constantly  extended.  Inaugurated  in  1853. 
incorporated  under  general  laws  in  1855,  its  charter  amended  several  times,  as  the  wants  and 
experience  of  the  trade  demanded,  it  finally  received  from  the  State  in  1870,  an  ample  charter, 
giving  the  Directors  more  complete  control,  with  power  to  establish  and  maintain  the  highest 
tone  of  commercial  morality. 

The  Exchange  is  governed  by  a  Board  of  fifteen  Directors,  elected  annually.  The  Presi¬ 
dent,  Vice  Presidents  and  Treasurer  are  elected  by  and  from  the  Board. 

Qualification  for  membership  requires  the  applicant  to  be  a  citizen  of  the  State,  engaged 
in  business  in  Baltimore,  and  election  by  the  Executive  Committee. 

The  charge  for  Membership  is  $50  initiation  fee,  and  $20  yearly  subscription.  Firms 
cannot  become  members  as  such.  Each  and  every  individual  doing  business  on  the  floor,  must 
become  a  member.  Clerks  are  admitted,  to  transact  business  only  for  their  employers  paying 
the  yearly  subscription. 

Strangers  are  admitted  by  card,  upon  the  introduction  of  a  member. 

The  main  Hall  in  the  Exchange  Building  is  furnished  with  tables  for  the  exposition  of 
samples,  the  yearly  rental  of  which  is  one,  two  and  three  dollars,  according  to  size.  The 
occupancy  of  these  tables  for  the  grain  is  sold  at  public  auction ;  premiums  for  the  choice 
ranging  from  $25  to  $150.  Much  excitement  prevails  at  these  Annual  Sales. 

The  roll  of  membership  for  the  year  1872  contained  464  names. 


136 


The  Mounmental  City, 


GEOEGE  F.  WEBB,  FLOUE,  GEAIN  AND  GENEEAL  COMMISSION  MEECHANT,  130  NOETH  ST.,  BALTIMOEE. 

TAberal  Advances  made  on  Consignments.  Adjoining  the  Northern  Central  Railroad  Repot. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


137 


WM.  E.  WOODYEAR.  GEO.  r  VICKERS,  JR. 

WM.  E.  WOODYEAR  &  CO. 

Merchant  Millers, 

“Mount  Vernon”  Extra  Flour, 

High  Grade,  suitable  for  Shipment  to  the  Tropics, 

CABLE  STREET,  BALTIMORE. 

ISAAC  M.  BENSON.  JOHN  D.  QUINCY. 


4 


A 


MMlSI 

mV®  H  Ws 


! 


1 


Wil 


<§> 

if 


A  !  ism 


GENERAL  DEALERS, 

TsTo.  01  Boulli  Grav  Bt, 


[ft  ii  J 


BALTIMORE 

ALSO  AGENTS 

im 


W? 


% 


ALBERT  L.  WEBB.  B.  DEFORB  WEBB. 

A..  L.  WEBB  SON, 

^  §!§ff 

SOLE  AGENTS  FOR  THE  SALE  OF 

DUPONT’S  POWDER  AND  SAFETY  FUSE, 

COR.  PRATT  .A-TSTID  COMMERCE  STREETS, 

BALTIMORE. 

Reeeive  on  Consignment  all  Kinds  of  Western  Produce,  and  make  Advances  thereon. 


138 


The  Monumental  City, 


Pearl  Hominy. 

»] 

MONO  the  novel  and  interesting  business  features  of  Baltimore,  may  be 

mentioned  a  large  Mill  for  the  preparation  of  Pearl  Hominy.  But 
recently  established,  it  has  rapidly  extended  its  capacity  until  at  present 
2,500  bushels  of  Corn  are  daily  consumed  in  its  operations.  Kiln-Dried 
Pearl  Hominy,  Grits,  Pearl  Maizene,  Corn  Flour,  &c.,  &c.,  are  prepared  in 
immense  quantities.  Corn  Flour,  a  new  article  when  mixed  with  bread 
made  of  Wheat  Flour,  gives  to  it  additional  whiteness,  and  causes  it  to  retain 
its  freshness  much  longer  than  that  made  exclusively  of  Wheat  Flour.  The 
articles  prepared  at  this  establishment  are  shipped  to  different  sections  of  the 
Hnited  States;  and  of  late  a  foreign  trade  has  grown  up,  orders  having  been 
received  from  Paris,  Liverpool,  London  and  Glasgow.  The  most  flattering 
inducements  are  offered  to  purchasers  in  this  market. 

BALTIMORE  PEARL  HOMINY  CO. 


KlLN-DltlEB  PEAHL  HOMINY,  AN1)  GKITS,  PEA1IL  MAIZENE, 
CORN  FLOUR,  CORN  MEAL,  AND  CHOP. 

ALL  ORDERS  FILLED  PROMPTLY. 

OWNERS  A3NTX3  MANTJFACTTJKEBS  OF 

WRIGHT’S  PATENT  BUCKEYE  HOMINY  MILL, 

North  and  Belvidere  Sts.,  Baltimore. 


WM.  KIM  ABE  &  GO. 

PIANO-FORTE  MANUFACTURERS,  SQUARE,  GRAND  AND  UPRIGHT, 
Ware- Rooms, No.  350  W.  Raltimore  St.,  Baltimore, 

112  FIFTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


139 


Malt. 


connection  with  the  extensive  manufacture  of  Lager-Beer  in  our  city 
there  are  several  large  establishments  for  the  production  of  Malt,  an 
ingredient  which  enters  largely  into  the  composition  of  Beer.  Six  Malt 
Houses  are  now  in  operation,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $1,500,000, 
employing  three  hundred  hands.  The  principal  element  used  in  the  manu¬ 
facture  of  Malt  is  barley.  This  grain  is  grown  upon  an  extensive  scale  only 
in  Western  New  York,  the  Western  States,  and  Canada. 

The  establishment  of  these  large  Malt  Houses,  and  the  consequent  demand 
for  the  grain,  has  led  to  efforts  on  the  part  of  our  enterprising  agriculturalists 
to  produce  barley,  and  the  experiments  of  several  have  resulted  so  favorably, 
that  they  have  been  encouraged  to  make  other  and  more  persistent  efforts. 
The  demand  for  Beer  is  not  likely  to  decrease.  The  numerous  Breweries 
already  established  are  in  a  flourishing  condition,  and  others  are  constantly  being 
started.  The  sales  from  the  Malt  establishments  sum  up  probably  $5,000,000, 
with  a  tendency  to  increase.  Some  of  our  capitalists  are  engaged  in  the 
business,  and  the  flourishing  condition  of  the  trade  invites  money  from  abroad. 


|Jm.  fjmtbc  ||  §*.,  pj;tiur-|£0t:lt  rtlsntufitrtmrera, 

Ware-Rooms,  No.  350  West  Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore. 

112  FIFTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


Candies  and  Foreign  Fruits. 

§|MONG  the  branches  of  trade  which  have  given  impetus  to  the  growth  of 
?J!T;  our  city,  and  have  decidedly  ministered  to  its  importance  as  a  commercial 
%  centre,  may  be  mentioned  the  trade  in  Candies  and  Foreign  Fruits.  The 
two  are  so  thoroughly  joined,  that  separate  consideration  of  them  would 
perhaps  be  out  of  place.  In  New  York  City,  specialties  seem  to  be  the 
tendency  of  the  trade.  One  house  will  import  Mediterranean  Fruits;  another 
will  deal  entirely  in  West  Indian  goods;  while  a  third  will  expose  for  sale 
only  the  products  of  the  Canton  trade.  In  Baltimore  this  is  not  the  case. 
Quite  a  number  of  large  and  imposing  buildings  have  been  erected  by  our 
Candy  and  Fruit  dealers,  which  stand  out  as  conspicuous  monuments  of  the 
enterprise  of  the  firms  which  constructed  them,  as  well  as  handsome  additions 
to  the  aesthetic  features  of  our  city.  Candy,  French  or  American,  Mediterra¬ 
nean  Fruits,  such  as  Oranges  and  Lemons,  from  Sicily,  Almonds  and  Raisins 
from  Malaga,  Raisins  from  Valencia,  Currants,  Citron,  Figs,  Hates,  Prunes, 
Sardines,  Canton  Ginger,  Fire- Crackers,  &c.,  &c.,  can  be  purchased  at  any  of 
these  Houses  upon  terms  as  advantageous  as  are  offered  by  any  market  in  the 


140 


The  Monumental  City, 

country,  with  the  additional  facility  to  buyers  of  being  able  to  till  their  entire 
order  in  one  large  establishment,  instead  of  being  compelled  to  go  from  one 
House  to  another,  as  in  other  cities,  with  the  cost  of  drayage,  &c.  Baltimore 
is  entirely  independent  of  any  other  city  in  the  Candy  and  Fruit  trade.  The 
business  has  increased  fourfold  within  twenty  years.  Five  hundred  hands 
are  employed,  and  a  capital  of  more  than  one  million  dollars  is  invested  in 
the  business.  The  Facilities  which  her  geographical  position  and  varied 
industries  give  her  in  this  regard,  are  such,  that  the  merchants  can  offer  their 
goods  at  the  lowest  market  prices.  Refined  Sugar,  which  is  the  ingredient 
in  the  manufacture  of  Candies,  can  be  secured  at  our  great  Sugar  Refineries; 
and  this  is  the  only  article  used  in  the  production  of  Candv  in  Baltimore,  as 
no  adulteration  has  ever  yet  been  practiced  or  detected  upon  home  goods  in 
the  market.  In  regard  to  the  Mediterranean  Fruit  trade,  much  could  be 
said,  but  our  space  is  limited.  The  enterprising  gentlemen  who  are  connected 
with  it,  by  a  series  of  successful  operations,  have  gradually  enlarged  their 
business  until  at  present  Baltimore  can  boast  of  one  of  the  most  extensive 
Mediterranean  Fruit  importing  houses  in  the  country.  In  addition  to  their 
regular  trade  in  the  articles  already  enumerated,  these  parties  are  now 
importing  large  quantities  of  Brimstone  from  Sicily  to  supply  the  extensive 
manufactories  of  Chemicals,  Acids  and  Phosphates  in  this  city.  The  annual 
consumption  oi  Brimstone  lor  the  above  purposes  in  Baltimore,  is  about  five 
thousand  tons,  all  oi  which  it  is  designed  to  import  direct  to  this  market. 


WILLIAM  BRIDGES, 

WHOLESALE  DEALER  IN  7 

Foreign  Fruits,  Nuts,  Candies, 

HERMETICALLY  SEALED  FRUITS, 

313  WEST  BALTIMORE  ST. 

Baltimore,  Md. 


CHAS.  PRACHT  &  CO. 


STEAM 


Nos.  155  and  157  Franklin  Street, 

Baltimore. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Kesources. 


141 


John  G.  Clarke. 


William  H.  Jones. 


GANDY  MANUFACTURERS, 


AND  WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 

FOREIGN  FRUITS,  NUTS,  &c. 


No.  15  Light  St.,  Cor.  German, 


142 


The  Monumental  City, 


The  Jobbing  Trade. 


Jobbing  Trade  of  Baltimore  has  kept  pace  with  her  increasing 
importance  as  a  commercial  and  manufacturing  city.  Its  various  depart- 
ments,  such  as  Dry  Goods,  Groceries,  Hardware,  Notions,  Boots  and 
Shoes,  Hats  and  Caps,  Clothing,  Books  and  Stationery,  Queensware,  Straw 
Goods  and  Millinery,  Drugs,  &c.,  &c.,  are  fully  up  to  the  standard,  and  will 
compare  favorably  with  those  of  any  other  city  in  this  country.  As  a  general 
rule  these  departments  are  in  the  hands  of  old  and  established  Houses,  whose 
proprietors  are  among  our  most  highly  esteemed  and  responsible  citizens,  who 
have  been  educated  to  their  calling,  and  whose  natural  tastes  and  judgment 
have  been  strengthened  by  the  experience  of  a  lifetime,  and  a  thorough 
rational  application  to  business.  Many  branches  of  the  Jobbing  Trade  not 
enumerated  above  are  successfully  conducted  in  this  city:  and  the  number  of 
new  establishments  and  branches  of  old  ones,  is  a  clear  indication  of  the  pros¬ 
perity  of  the  Trade,  as  wrell  as  the  growth  of  the  City.  The  stock  carried  by 
these  Houses  embraces  full  supplies  from  all  the  best  factories  in  the  United 
States,  and  the  choicest  selections  of  goods  from  foreign  countries.  The 
Lines  of  Steamers  between  this  City  and  the  Ports  of  Europe,  furnish  facilities 
for  the  importation  of  the  most  desirable  goods  at  lower  rates  than  at  any 
other  Port.  The  port  charges  are  lighter,  ship  supplies  cheaper,  and  the 
difficulties  in  the  way  of  shipping  comparatively  trifling.  Since  the  estab¬ 
lishment  of  steam  communication  between  Baltimore  and  Europe,  our 
merchants  engaged  in  the  Jobbing  Trade  have  displayed  an  energy  and 
enterprise  which  command  admiration.  They  make  regular  trips  to  Great 
Britain,  and  the  continent  of  Europe  for  the  purchase  of  goods ;  and  the 
articles  imported  are  selected  under  their  own  inspection.  Baltimore  is 
largely  independent  of  the  Eastern  Cities,  in  her  Wholesale  Jobbing  Trade; 
and  bids  fair  in  a  short  time  to  compare  favorably  with  New  York,  as  a 
distributing  market.  In  each  department  there  are  Houses  contending  for 
business,  and  making  of  course  the  most  active  competition,  thus  reducing 
prices  to  minimum  rates.  Her  proximity  to  the  South  and  West,  offers 
inducements  to  merchants  from  those  sections,  which  cannot  be  lightly- 
estimated.  The  trade  in  Dry  Goods,  Groceries,  Hardware,  Clothing,  Boots 
and  Shoes,  Hats  and  Caps,  Millinery  Goods  and  Notions  is  particularly 
active;  and  the  rival  Houses  engaged  spare  no  pains  to  make  their  stock  as 
full  and  complete  as  possible ;  so  that  the  taste  of  every  section  may  be 
gratified,  and  favorable  prices  assured.  The  Jobbing  Trade,  comprehending 
a  large  number  of  important  interests,  necessitates  the  employment  of  a  vast 


Its  Past  History  akd  Present  Resources.  143 

capital,  which  in  this  city  aggregates  many  millions  of  dollars.  It  is  not 
umeasonable  to  infer,  that  in  the  near  future  Baltimore  will  become  the  great 
reseivoir  of  supplies  for  the  entire  South,  South-West,  and  many  portions  of 
the  Central-W  est.  Many  of  the  great  manufactories  of  the  country  have 
agencies  here,  selling  at  factory  prices. 

Pile  attractions  of  Baltimore  as  a  Jobbing  centre,  are  so  well-known  to  the 
local  Retail  Trade,  embracing  within  itself  some  of  the  most  intelligent 
dealers  in  the  country,  that  they  are  content  to  buy  at  home.  The  closest 
buyers  have  tried  rival  markets  time  and  again,  without  advantage  of 
pi  ices  or  terms.  Capital,  competition,  and  a  thorough  knowledge  of  busi¬ 
ness,  have  accomplished  for  Baltimore  quite  as  much  as  for  the  more 
northern  Cities.  Our  City  for  the  quality  and  variety  of  goods,  is  fully 
equal  to  New  York;  and  the  market  will  be  found  always  adequate  to 
the  demand. 

Although  Baltimore  is  not  so  large  a  market  as  New  York,  it  is  yet  larger 
than  New  York  formerly  was,  when  it  commanded  the  entire  trade  of  the 
country;  and  sufficiently  so,  for  the  general  demands  of  its  present  trade. 
The  merchants,  in  view  of  the  rapidly  augmenting  trade,  have  increased  their 
facilities ;  and  to-day  extend  all  the  inducements  which  can  be  offered  by 
any  other  city  in  the  country. 


Ohauncey  Brooks.  Isaac  Thrasher. 


JOBBERS  IN 


No.  346  Baltimore  Street, 


BALTIMORE. 


144 


The  Monumental  City, 

William  Devries.  Christian  Devries,  of  S.  William  R.  Devries.  Solomon  Kimmell. 


Wm.  Devries  &  Co., wholesale  Dealers  in  Foreign  &  Domestic  Dry  Goods  &  Notions, 

312  W.  BALTIMORE  ST.,  (Between  Howard  and  Liberty,)  BALTIMORE. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  ; 

SHIPE,  CLOUD  &  CO. 


Wholesale  Dealers  in 


Foreign 


and 


Domestic 


DRY  GOODS 


273  W.  Baltimore  St. 


BALTIMORE. 


BRUFF,  FAULKNER  &  GO. 

Successors  to  BAKER,  BRUFF  &  CO. 
Importers  and  Wholesale  Dealers  in 

FOREIGN  &  DOMESTIC 


JOSEPH  E.  BRUFF. 
ALFRED  B.  FAULKNER, 


BALTIMORE. 


146 


The  Monumental  City, 


HAMILTON  EASTER  &  SONS, 

BALTIMORE, 

Importers,  Jobbers  and  Retailers 

CP 


BOTH 


One  of  the  firm  spends  most  of  his  time  in  the  Capi¬ 
tals  of  Europe,  in  the  selection  of  Fabrics  suited  to  our 
own  and  the  Southern  markets ,  securing  thereby  the 
latest  novelties  of  each  season. 

We  buy  and  sell  exclusively  for  Cash,  and  guar¬ 
antee  as  low  prices  as  any  House  in  the  country. 

Samples  of  Goods  sent  by  mail  on  application. 

\ 

Freight  prepaid  on  purchases  at  Retail  amounting 
to  $20  and  over. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


147 


ESTABLISHED  1846 


DANIEL  MILLER  A  CO. 

IMPORTERS  AND  JOBBERS  OF 

Ji 


NOTIONS, 


329  Baltimore  Street, 
44:  German  Street. 


SOLE  IMPORTERS  OF  THE  CELEBRATED  BRAND 

DANIEL  MILLER  BLACK  ALPACAS 


Special  inducements  to  cash  or  prompt  time  Buyers. 


148  The  Monumental  City, 

SILK  AND  DRESS  GOODS  HOUSE 


GEORGE  H.  C.  NEAL, 

IMPORTER  AND  JOBBER  OF 


WHITE  GOODS,  LINENS,  SHAWLS, 


DOMESTICS. 

A.  LTVU  HOUSE. 

3F®3RLX03E5^.. 


Corner  Baltimore  and  Holliday  Streets, 


Business  Established  1816. 


OHAS.  SIMON  &  SONS, 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  DEALERS  IN 


No.  63  NORTH  HOWARD  STREET, 
BALTIMORE. 

CHAS.  SIMON.  HERMAN  SIMON.  ADOLPH  SIMON.  EDMUND  SIMON.  AUGUST  SIMON. 


W.  II.  Perkins. 


Samuel  Bevan. 


PERKIN S  &  CO 


22  N.  Charles  Street,  Baltimore, 

DEY  GOODS 

Offer,  at  low  prices,  a  large  stock  of 

Ladies’  Dress  Good,  Shawls,  Velvets,  Real  Laces,  Embroideries, 
White  Goods,  Mourning  Goods,  Irish  Linens,  Hosiery, 
Gloves,  Housekeeping  Dry  Goods,  Men’s  Wear, 

ELEGANT  FANCY  AAUTIOUUS. 


HOUSE 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


149 


ESTABLISHED  I3NT  1837 


Samuel  Bevan. 


Wm.  A.  Williar.  Edgar  G.  Miller. 


IMPORTERS  AND  JOBBERS  IN 


279  Baltimore  Street, 

I  >  alt  imore. 


MAYER  &,  BROTHER, 

IMPORTERS  AND  JOBBERS  OF 

W  I  I  I  T  EC  GJ-  O  O  I ) 

German,  English  and  French  Fancy  Goods, 


No.  4  NORTH  HOWARD  STREET, 

Baltimor^e. 


TAYLOR  &  PRICE, 

IMPORTERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 

SWISS,  FRENCH  AND  NOTTINGHAM  CURTAINS, 

UPHOLSTERY  GOODS, 

Curtains  and  "Window  Shades, 

ALL  KIND  CABINET  MAKERS’  MATERIALS, 

No.  11  North  Charles  Street, 

BALTIMORE. 


150 


The  Monumental  City, 


ESTABLISHED  IN  1846. 

HODGES  BROTHERS 

23  Hanover  Street, 


Direct  Importers  of  British  and  Continental 


And  every  description  of 


ALSO, 


White  Goods,  Handkerchiefs,  Shawls, 
Laces,  Hosiery,  Underwear, 
Gloves,  Umbrellas 
and  Parasols, 

Together  with  a  large  and  well  assorted  stock  of 

Gentlemen’s  Furnishing  Goods 

AND  NOTIONS  GENERALLY. 


One  of  our  firm,  having  made  purchasing  trips  to  Europe,  semi-annually 
for  nineteen  years,  and  buying  all  our  domestic  goods  for  cash,  we  have  great 
confidence  in  assuring  the  Trade  that  our  Foreign  and  American  business  is 
on  a  footing  that  defies  competition.  Merchants,  not  dealing  with  us,  are 
invited  to  make  our  accpiaintance  when  they  next  visit  Baltimore.  Our  stock 
can  he  examined  without  much  labor,  as  the  use  of  steam  elevators  renders 
the  ascent  of  staircases  unnecessary. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


151 


HORST,  PURNELL  &  GO. 

Importers  and  Wholesale  Dealers  in 


American,  English,  German  and  French 


No  241  Baltimore  Street, 


J  E.  hurst, 
L.B.  PURNELL, 
A.  MADDUX, 

L.  L.  JACKSON. 


BALTIMORE. 


JOHNSON,  SUTTON  &  GO. 


IMPORTERS  AND  JOBBERS  OF 


No.  296  Baltimore  Street, 

AND 

No.  1  N.  Liberty  Street, 

BALTIMORE. 

Offer  special  advantages  to  cash  and  short  time  buyers . 


152 


The  Monumental  City, 


IMPORTERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 

WHITE  GOODS,  NOTIONS, 

TRIMMINGS,  HOSIERY, 

GLOVES  and  SMALL  WARES, 


268  W.  Baltimore  Street 


MANUFACTURERS  AGENTS  FOR  AND  IMPORTERS  OF 


S.  H.  BROSTUS.  SILAS  BROSIUS.  A.  W.  FITZHUGH.  S.  B.  HOOPMAN. 


153 

1841. 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 

ESTABLISHED  . 

IMPORTERS, 

ff.  MALLIN0KRODT  &  SON, 

22  GERM^YlSr  STREET, 

BALTIMORE, 

OF 

Cloths,  Doeskins  and  Cassimeres. 

Robert  Moore  &  Bro. 

IMPORTERS  AND  JOBBERS  OF 


f 


'I  s 


No.  233  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

BALTIMORE. 


JOHN  A.  GRIFFITH  &  CO 

Importers  and  Manufacturers  of 


t 


I  mi 


Baltimore,  219  W.  Baltimore  Street. 
Cincinnati,  cor.  Fourth  and  Walnut  Sts. 


Henry  Hogue* 


Robt.  II.  Rogue. 


Q«||» 


N.  E.  cor.  Charles  &  Baltimore  Sts. 
BALTIMORE, 


MS'liWJP 

54  Sixth  Street, 
PITT3BURG-H, 


IMPORTERS  OF 


Cloths,  Doeskins,  Worsted  Serges,  Drapd’  Etes, 

SILK  SERGES  &  SATINS  DE  CHINES,  VELVETS,  ITALIANS, 

.A.nd  all  Kinds  of*  'Tailors’  Trimmings. 

10 


154 


The  Monumental  City, 

WM.  P.  MAGEE, 

No.  60  North  Eutaw  St.,  Baltimore, 

IMPORTER  OF 

LZNTElSrS,  HOSIERY, 

AND 

GENTLEMEN’S  FUENISHING  GOOES, 

MANUFACTURER  OF 

Shirts,  Cuffs,  Collars,  Drawers  and  Undershirts. 

TO  ORDER  OR  READY  MADE.  STEAM  MADE  BOSOMS. 


Great  Inducements  to  Wholesale  Trade. 


IS 


Importers,  Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in 

Saddlery  Hardware  &  Coach  Furniture 

OILS,  PAINTS,  VARNISHES,  IRON  AND  STEEL, 

HORSE  COVERS,  LAP  RUGS  AND  FLY  NETS. 


DEPOT  AND  BALTIMORE  AGENTS  FOR 

Henry’s  Patent  One  Plate  Springs, 

Sheldon’s  Archimedian  Axles, 

Brinton  &  Johnson’s  Philadelphia  Axle  Works, 

Burdick’s  Punch,  Shear  and  Iron  Shrinker, 
Taylorville  Spoke  Works, 

Saddle  Trees,  Bits,Stirups  &c., 

DEPOT  IFOR 

Dolls’  Hub  Boxing  Machines  and  Drills,  Bellow’s  Patent  Creasers  and 
Trace  Kaisers,  Perkin’s  Patent  Hair  Beaters,  Seitzes’  Baltimore 
Wagon  Hames,  Manheim’s  Pressed  Harness  Loops, 

Wilcox  &  Smith’s  5th  Wheels  and  Shackles. 

338  Baltimore  Street,  between  Howard  and,  Eutaiv, 

BALTIMORE. 


ESTABLISHED  1823. 


ALLEN  PAINE,  SON  &  CO. 

IMPORTERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 

CABBUee  W  WEBIAl 

IRON  AND  STEEL, 

No.  2  SOUTH  LIBERTY  STREET, 


BALTIMORE. 


155 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


R.  B.  PORTER  &  SON, 

DEALERS  IN 


4=1  S.  CHARLES  ST. 


R.  B.  PORTER. 
B.  B.  PORTER. 


Baltimore. 


POULTNEY,  TRIMBLE  &  CO. 

IMPORTERS 


FOREIGN  FANCY  GOODS, 

200  W.  BALTIMORE  ST. 


N.  Cr.  Fennirnan .  .John  H.  Daniel. 

Francis  Albert.  ,J.  A.  Clarkson. 

PENNIMAN  &  BRO. 

Importers  &  Wholesale  Dealers 

IN' 

FOREIGN 

AND 

DOMESTIC 


NO.  10  NORTH  HOWARD  ST-, 

BALTIMORE. 


J.  F.  Carlin.  D.  C.  Fulton.  J.  F.  Sradenloaugh 

Carlin  &  Fulton, 

IMPORTERS  OF 


Special  Attention  tiiven  to  Orders, 


CUTLERY,  GUNS,dc 

20  S.  Howard  St.  .  Baltimore. 


156 


The  Monumental  City, 


HARDWARE 

COMMISSION  HOUSE. 


Nos.  23  and  25  South  Charles  Street, 

BALTIMORE, 

Manufacturers’  Agents  for  the  Sale  of 


Chesapeake  Nail  Works'  Best  Cut  Nails  and  Spikes, 
Mallory,  Wheeler  &  Co.'s  Locks,  Knobs  and  Pad-Locks, 
Stanley  Rule  and  Level  Co.’s  Rules,  Levels,  Squares,  &c. 

R.  Mann’s  Superior  Axes, 

American  Butt  Co.’s  Hinges,  &c. 

Naylor  &  Co.’s  Best  Cast  Steel, 
Newton  Nail  Rods, 

Plymouth  Tack  Co.’s  Tacks  and  Nails, 

Savery’s  Enamelled  and  Tinned  Ware. 

ALSO  HEADQUARTERS  FOR 

American  Screw  Company’s  Screws, 

Disston’s  Saws, 

Ames  &  Rowland’s  Shovels  and  Spades, 

Moss  &  Gamble’s  Files, 

Baltimore  Standard  Blacksmiths’  Bellows, 

Stewart’s  Iron  Wire  and  Galvanized  Wire, 

Ohio  Tool  Co.’s  Planes, 

s  7 

AND  A  GENERAL  ASSORTMENT  OF 

AMERICAN  HARDWARE. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  15*3 

SAM’L  G.  B.  COOK, 

Hardware  Manufacturers’  Agent, 

BALTIMORE. 

Hep)  eseutiug  the  follow i fig  JSTdYinfdctiivevs  .* 


Branford  Lock  Works. 

Door  Locks,  Knobs,  &c. 

A.  Field  &  Sons, 


Douglass  Manufac’g  Co’s 

Chisels,  Gauges,  Drawing 
Knives,  Angers,  Bitts,  Gim- 
blets,  Boring  Machines,  etc. 

Cook’s  Patent  Augers  &  Bitts. 
Chapin’s 

Rules,  Levels,  Gauges,  &c. 

Bridgeport  Brass  Co’s 

Sheet  Brass,  Copper  Wire, 
Copper  and  Iron  Rivets. 


Carr,  Crawley  &  Devlin, 

Building*  &  Cabinet  Hardware. 

William  McNiece, 

Hand,  P anel,  Rip  &  other  Saws. 

Abbe’s  Gong  Door  Bells. 

Peck  Bros.  Brass 
Cocks. 

Fenn’s  Faucets  and 
Cork  Stops. 
Mersereau’s  Stair 
Hods. 

American  Screws. 

Ives  &  Co’s 

Patent  Hollow  Augers,  Tap 
Borers,  Braces,  Augers 
and  Bitts. 

“Continental”  &  “Great  Amer¬ 
ican”  Horse  Nails. 

“A  No.  1  Anchor”  Sad  Irons. 

Hartje,  Wiley  &  Co’s 

Enamelled  Kettles  and  Sauce¬ 
pans. 

C.  S.  Planters’  Hoes. 

ASSORTMENT  OF 


AND  A  FULL 

Shelf  and  Heavy  Hardware 

FOR  SALE  AT  MANUFACTURERS’  PRICES. 


Tacks,  Shoe  Nails,  etc. 

Sanseer  Mfg.  Co  s  Plate  Locks, 

Roy  &  Co’s  Wrought 
Hinges. 

Clark’s,  Lull  &  Por¬ 
ter’s,  and  Huffer’s 
Pat.  Blind  Hinges. 

Chattilion’s  Balances 

United  States  Screw  Co’s 


158 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 


TAYLOR’S 

HATS,  FURS  AND  UMBRELLAS, 


Opposite  Barnum’s  Hotel, 


R.  Q.  TAYLOR, 

WM.  W.  PRETZMAN, 
G.  E.  S.  LANSDOWNE 


(jtjHE  Millinery  business  of  Baltimore  is  one  of  her  leading  industries.  In 
Hf  addition  to  the  domestic  goods  manufactured  in  this  city,  and  other  sec- 
tions  of  the  United  States,  large  quantities  of  the  choicest  goods  are 
imported  from  abroad  for  this  market.  The  largest  House  in  the  country, 
and  perhaps  the  oldest,  is  located  in  this  city.  It  was  established  in  1813, 
and  by  enterprise  and  prudence,  has  developed  into  its  present  proportions. 
The  Firm  occupies  four  buildings,  two  as  warehouses  and  two  for  the  trans¬ 
action  of  its  daily  business.  The  clerical  force  of  the  establishment  numbers 
seventy-two  persons,  in  addition  to  which,  seventy  females  are  employed  (in 
the  Work  Rooms)  in  the  manufacture  of  Millinery.  White  Goods,  an  interest 
which  is  largely  represented  in  many  of  our  leading  Jobbing  Houses,  has 
been  made  an  especial  feature  of  their  business.  In  connection  with  this 
Establishment,  is  a  Firm,  engaged  Extensively  in  the  manufacture  of  Ladies’ 
Hats,  &c.  These  hats  are  made  exclusively  for  the  Millinery  Establishment 
mentioned  above,  and  during  the  months  of  March,  April,  May,  June,  Sep¬ 
tember,  and  October,  one  hundred  females  are  constantly  engaged  in  their 
manufacture.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that  a  single  establishment  in  our  city  for 
the  manufacture  and  sale  of  Millinery,  and  the  sale  of  White  Goods,  gives 
employment  during  the  greater  portion  of  the  year  to  two  hundred  and  fifty 
persons.  Their  importations  are  very  large ;  tw'O  Buyers,  one  for  the  White 
Goods  Department,  and  the  other  for  the  Millinery,  being  employed  for  the 
selection  and  purchase  of  foreign  goods;  and  only  such  as  are  superior  in 
quality  and  design  to  those  manufactured  in  our  own  country  are  offered  to 
the  Trade  in  this  city.  The  Southern  trade  with  Baltimore  in  this  branch  of 
industry  is  very  great;  while  of  late  years,  extensive  connections  have  been 
formed  with  the  West,  and  a  heavy  business  is  done  in  the  States  of  Ohio, 
Indiana,  Kentucky,  Kansas,  and  Missouri. 


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IMPORTERS  AM)  MANUFACTURERS 

Ribbons,  Millinery  and  Straw  Goods,  White  Goods, 

LINENS,  LAOES,  EMBROIDERIES,  HANDKERCHIEFS,  &c. 

Orders  solicited  and  promptly  executed. 

237  &  239  BALTIMORE  ST.,  BALTIMORE. 


Win.  !>•  Barrett.  Jcmv  T.  Higgiaa. 

BARRETT  &  HIGGINS, 

MANUFACTURERS  AND  JOBBERS  OF 


HATS,  CAPS,  STRAW  GOODS  AND  LADIES'  FURS, 

244  West  Baltimore  Street,  BALTIMORE. 


161 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 

Tlie  Shoe  and  Leather  Trade. 

A  - - - 

JpHE  Shoe  and  Leather  Trade  of  Baltimore  is  one  of  immense  and  daily 
fl|  in creasing  importance.  Few  persons  in  our  midst  are  aware  of  its  mag¬ 
nitude.  .  It  is  authoritatively  stated,  that  this  interest  is  the  largest  after 
that  of  Agriculture,  in  America;  the  exhibit  of  official  statistics  placing  it 
thirty- three  per  centum  above  those  of  cotton  and  wool  combined.  For  many 
years  New  England,  comparatively  speaking,  monopolized  the  trade  in  this 
country,  and  of  late  years  Philadelphia  acquired  quite  a  reputation  for  fine 
work,  in  so  much,  that  Southern  and  Western  buyers  were  attracted  to  that 
city,  to  make  their  purchases  of  fancy  goods.  The  Trade  has  recently  under¬ 
gone  a  very  decided  change  in  this  regard.  Tanneries  have  multiplied  rapidly 
in  Maryland,  and  factories  for  the  manipulation  of  their  products,  have  in¬ 
creased  in  corresponding  ratio  in  our  city.  The  Line  of  Steamers  established 
between  this  Port  and  Boston,  and  known  as  the  “Boston  and  Baltimore 
Steamship  Company,’7  has  had  much  to  do  with  this  rapid  increase  in  the 
trade;  but  the  sagacity  and  energy  of  the  gentlemen  who  have  embraced  this 
branch  of  business,  have  been  the  main  springs  of  its  prosperity.  There  are 
at  present  in  Baltimore  twenty-six  wholesale  Manufactories,  working  thirty- 
one  McKay  machines,  each  machine  making  from  two  hundred  and  fifty  to 
three  hundred  pairs  of  Shoes  per  day,  and  arrangements  are  now  being  made  to 
organize  seveial  new  factories  on  a  large  scale.  During  the  past  year,  great 
improvements  have  been  made  in  the  style  and  quality  of  the  goods  manufac¬ 
tured  here.  Southern  and  Western  buyers  need  no  longer  go  to  Philadelphia, 
to  obtain  their  supplies.  As  fine  and  stylish  Shoes  are  made  in  Baltimore,  as 
can  be  produced  anywhere  in  the  country;  and  this  fact  has  come  to  the 
knowledge  of  the  trade  throughout  the  South  and  West,  who  are  already  dis- 
playing  an  appreciation  of  it,  by  resorting  to  this  market  to  make  their 
purchases.  The  terms  obtained  here,  are  as  favorable  as  can  be  secured 
anywhere  else  in  America.  As  an  evidence  of  the  solid  growth  of  the  trade, 
it  may  be  as  well  to  mention,  that  not  a  single  failure  has  ever  occurred 
among  the  manufacturers,  and  those  who  have  begun  with  small  capital,  and 
very  meagre  stock,  have  been  encouraged  to  enlarge  their  sphere  of  operations, 
and  enter  into  competition  with  old  and  established  Houses.  About  three 
years  ago  the  Baltimore  Shoe  and  Leather  Board  of  Trade  was  established, 
and  its  influence  has  been  very  beneficial  to  the  growth  of  this  branch  of 
industry.  It  has  endeavored  to  bring  about  a  proper  state  of  feeling  between 
the  laborer  and  capitalist,  and  ward  off  the  strikes,  so  destructive  to  the  true 
interests  of  any  business,  and  in  the  main  it  has  been  successful.  The  officers 
of  the  Shoe  and  Leather  Association  are  as  follows:  President,  Henry  C. 
Smith;  Vice  Presidents,  Jas  Carey,  Geo.  J.  Appold,  T.  J.  Magruder,  Wm.  F. 
Larrabee;  Recording  Secretary,  E.  S.  Allnutt;  Corresponding  Secretary, 
Arthur  P.  Baer;  Treasurer,  Wm.  T.  Dixon. 


162 


The  Monumental  City, 


The  manufacture  of  Boots  and  Shoes  gives  employment  to  at  least  four 
thousand  persons,  the  average  weekly  salary  being  $22  for  men,  and  $12  for 
women  and  girls.  The  Rubber  trade,  a  branch  of  the  Shoe  business,  has 
assumed  large  proportions.  From  a  statement  of  the  President  of  the 
Shoe  and  Leather  Board  of  Trade,  we  give  the  following  statistics  for  1872: 


Sales  of  boots  and  shoes  by  jobbers  and  retailers .  $8,500,000 

Rubbers  sold .  500,000 

Manufacturers .  6,600,000 

Auction  sales .  500,000 


$16,100,000 

Sales  of  leather  about .  3,000,000 

Sales  of  hides . ;  1,256,000 


$20,356,000 

Most  of  the  Leather  (over  two-thirds  of  the  hides)  is  tanned  in  Maryland, 
and  one-third  is  consumed  by  the  factories  of  Baltimore,  while  a  very  large 
amount  is  exported  to  New  York  city,  Philadelphia,  Rochester  and  other 
places. 

The  rapid  growth  of  the  trade,  made  necessary  about  two  years  ago  the 
addition  by  the  Baltimore  and  Boston  Steamship  Company,  of  another  first- 
class  Steamer  to  their  Line,  making  in  all  six  fine  Steamers  plying  between 
this  Port  and  Boston ;  and  these  having  been  found  insufficient  to  accomodate 
the  rapidly  increasing  trade  between  these  two  Ports,  another  splendid 
Steamer  has  been  ordered,  and  will  be  ready  for  the  line  by  the  first  of  Sep¬ 
tember,  1873.  As  was  said  above,  the  gentlemen  engaged  in  this  branch  of 
business  by  their  high  character,  and  substantial  position  in  the  community, 
are  a  sufficient  guarantee  to  purchasers  from  abroad,  that  they  will  receive 
here,  what  they  buy,  and  at  prices  which  compare  favorably  with  those  else¬ 
where  offered. 


TUCKER,  SMITH  &  CO. 


Manufacturers  and  Wholesale  Dealers  in 


W.  A.  TUCKER, 
H.  C.  SMITH. 

S.  B.  SPKAG1NS. 


BALTIMORE. 


163 


Its  Past  History  and  Present:  Resources. 


164 


The  Monumental  City, 


DEVRIES,  YOUNG  &  GO. 

WILLIAM  DEVRIES, 
ALEXANDER  YOUNG , 

8.  K.  G.  DEVRIES. 


310  W.  Baltimore  Street, 

BALTIMORE,  MD. 

We  invite  the  Trade  to  an  examination  of  our  stock,  which  consists 
principally  of  warranted  work,  made  by  best  factories  at  home  and  abroad. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed. 


CHAUNCEY  BROOKS.  WILLIAM  F.  CLAUTICE. 

DAVID  G.  ROGERS.  ADORAM  PHELPS. 


BROOKS,  ROGERS  &  CO. 


WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 


346  BALTIMORE  ST. 


Baltimore 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 

JNO.  J.  &  S.  J.  HURST, 

WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 


165 


286  "W.  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

Nearly  Opposite  Sharp  Street,  BALTlBIOREi 

FRANK  F,  HORNER  &  GO. 

WHOLESALE 


RUBBER  GOODS,  ETC. 

343  W.  Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore,  Met, 

PERRY,  CLARK  &  CO. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

WOMEN’S,  MISSES’  &  CHILDREN’S 

Machine  and  Hand-Made  Shoes. 

With  capacity  and  facilities  for  making  One  Thousand  pairs  of  Shoes  daily,  we  are  enabled 

to  fill  orders  promptly. 

E  S  T  J\.  BLIS  TT  E  ID  I  TXT  1842, 

Thirty  years’  practical  experience  enables  us  to  produce  Stylish,  Substantial  Goods,  that  will 
give  satisfaction  to  the  consumer,  and  reputation  to  the  dealer. 

CLARK.  &  CO.,  0  JST.  Charles  St.,  Baltimore. 

RUSSELL  &  ALGER, 


MANUFACTURERS  AND  WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 


A 


HOE 


* 


No.  25  SOUTH  HOWARD  ST.,  (New  Building,) 


5ENJAMIM  RUSSELL,  )  r  _  . 

\  R.  ALGER,  }  General  Partners. 

AMES  A.  GARY,  Special  Partner. 


166 


The  Monumental 


City, 


E.  LARRABEE  &  SONS, 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 

JOHN  D.  HAMMOND. 


167 

HENRY  A.  ANTHONY. 


JOHN  D.  HAMMOND  &  CO. 

SADDLE,  HARNESS,  TRUNK 

Collar  Manufacturers, 


wholesale  and  retail, 

SGI  West  Baltimore  Street, 

(Opposite  the  “Eutaw  House,”) 

B  ALTI  3VL  OKE. 


KUBT.  LAWSON  <£  CO. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

SADDLES,  HARNESS,  TRUNKS  &  COLLARS 

ALSO,  DEALERS  IN  ? 

Robes,  Horse  Covers,  Whips,  Traveling  Bags,  &c. 

N'  B-~We  are  largely  engaged  in  manufacturing 

buggy  saddles. 

_ -No.  277  West  Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore. 


2111  WEST  BALTIMORE  STREET,  BALTIMORE, 

Manufacturers’  Agent,  Importer  and  Dealer  in 


Of  every  description.  Also, 


Ii^attier^lTuWb^r'BooTs^Slioes 


e  Bolting-, 
and 


J.  C.  BALDERSTON 


J.  H.  WARD. 


» 


BALDERSTON,  WARD  &  CO. 

ACENTS 

RAil  JPIUO’JD’©, 

McCREERY  BUILDING/’ 

Baltimore, 


u 


168 


The  Monumental  City, 


Maryland  Life  Insurance  Co. 

No.  10  South  Street,  Baltimore. 


Paper. 

§MONG  the  many  interests  that  have  rapidly  developed  of  late  years  in  our 
city,  may  be  mentioned  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  Paper.  Fifteen  years 
>  ago  but  one  or  two  paper-mills  were  in  operation  in  the  State,  while 
$200,000  would  probably  have  covered  the  capital  invested  in  its  production 
and  sale.  To-day  the  capital  employed  in  this  branch  of  industry,  will  not 
fall  far  short  of  $4,000,000,  and  the  gentlemen  engaged  in  it  are  among  our 
most  substantial  and  reliable  citizens.  Numbers  of  mills  have  been  established 
along  the  streams  accessible  from  Baltimore.  Large  numbers  of  operatives 
are  employed,  and  nearly  all  the  different  varieties  of  paper  known  to  the 
Trade,  are  manufactured  as  cheaply  and  of  as  good  quality  as  at  any  similar 
establishments  in  the  country.  In  fact,  with  the  exception  of  the  finest  kinds 
of  writing  paper,  paper  of  any  grade  manufactured  in  our  own  State,  can  be 
bought  in  Balimore  at  as  low  prices  as  in  any  city  in  America,  and  the  large 
wholesale  dealers  are  ready  to  guarantee  the  statement.  Straw  wrapping 
Paper  that  originally  came  exclusively  from  New  York  is  now  manufactured 
in  such  quantities  by  our  wholesale  dealers,  as  to  render  the  home  market 
entirely  independent.  Straw-Print,  Bag-Print,  No.  2  Book,  No.  1  Super,  are 
all  staple  productions  of  the  mills;  and  several  large  establishments  are  now 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  bogus  Manilla  and  No.  1  Manilla.  In  the 
single  article  of  Printing-paper,  upwards  of  50,000  pounds  are  manufactured 
daily  in  this  State.  Indeed  in  the  manufacture  of  Book  and  Printing  paper, 
New  York  is  made  to  pay  tribute  to  our  city.  The  mills  engaged  in  supplying 
the  wholesale  dealers  in  Baltimore,  are  extensive,  and  fitted  with  the  most 
costly  and  thoroughly  improved  modern  machinery.  They  are  located  upon 
streams  immediately  adjacent  to  the  different  lines  of  Bailroad  leading  to  the 
city.  The  location  of  Baltimore  is  favorable  to  an  indefinite  expansion  of 
their  numbers,  as  the  demands  of  the  trade  increase.  For  the  finer  grades  of 
Writing-paper,  agencies  are  established  in  this  city  by  the  manufacturers,  and 
such  goods  can  be  purchased  here  at  factory  prices.  Paper  is  now  sent  from 
Baltimore  to  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  the  limits  of  the  trade  are  enlarging 
every  day. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  the  finest  classes  of  French  and  German  Paper 
are  imported  to  this  city,  and  distributed  to  all  sections  of  the  United 
States. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  169 

PAPER  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION  MADE  TO  ORDER. 


DAVID  W.  GLASS. 


W 


MARCUS  W.  WOLE. 


PROPRIETORS,  IB  iR,  .A.  1ST  IDS, 

CONGRESS,  CAPITOL,  OLD  DOMINION  AND  MONUMENTAL  MILLS 


Ml 


3 


7,  9  &  11  SHARP  STREET,  BALTIMORE. 

128  IT.  FRONT  STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  All  orders  addressed  to  Baltimore,  receive  prompt  attention. 


J.  WHEELWRIGHT. 


G.  A.  DOBLER. 


E.  T.  MUDGE. 


WHEELWRIGHT,  MUDGE  &  CO. 

^  ^  ^  ^  WHOLESALE 

AND  MANUFACTURERS  OF 

BOOK  AND  NEWS  PAPER, 

ALL.  GRADES,  SIZED  AND  UNSIZED, 

S.  E.  Corner  Sharp  and  Lombard  Sts.,  Baltimore. 

john^aTdushane, 

•  MANUFACTURER  OF  AND  DEALER  IN 

PAP 

Of  Every  Description, 

IN’o.  40  South.  Charles  St.,  Baltimore. 

- *  +  - - - 

iflfllt  anil  gfetos  flajiers  a  Sperialtp,  anU  lliiie  to  Drier  al  Sjjort  gfotirt. 


JOHN  CUSHING. 


JACOB  H.  MEDAIRY. 


CUSHING  &  MEDAIRY, 


m 


No.  6  N.  MO  WARD  STREET 

Opposite  the  Howard  House,  BALTIMORE. 

BLANK  BOOKS  MADE  TO*  ORDER  IN  ANY  STYLE. 

ll 


170 


The  Monumental  City, 


WM.  J.  C.  DULANY  &  CO. 

WHOLESALE  JOBBERS  IN 


AND  ALL  KINDS  OE 


WRITING  AND  WRAPPING  PAPERS, 

332  WEST  BALTIMORE  STREET,  BALTIMORE. 


SOLE  PROPRIETORS  OF  THE  CELEBRATED 


Put  up  in  handsomely  Lithographed  Boxes  (Six  to  the  Gross.)  The  most 
desirable  Pen  to  Retail  yet  manufactured. 

A  handsome  Lithographic  Picture  of  General  Lee  accompanies  each  Gross. 

PRICE  $1. 


PUBLISHERS  OF  THE  NEW 

History  of  the  United  States, 

BY 

J.  S.  BLACKBURN  and  W.  N.  MCDONALD, 

Principal  Alexandria  High  School ,  Va.  Principal  Male  High  School,  Louisville,  Ky. 

One  Volume,  12mo,  510  pp.,  Cloth,  $1.75. 

AND 

BLACKBURN  «&  MCDONALD’S 

GRAMMAR  SCHOOL  HISTORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

One  Volume,  12mo,  225  pp.,  Cloth,  $1.25. 

v 

These  Books  are  largely  used  in  the  Public  Schools ,  and  many  of  the  best 

Private  Schools  in  the  United  States. 


liberal  terms  for  introduction. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


171 


METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  BOOK  DEPOSITORY. 

122  W.  FAYETTE  STREET,  BALTIMORE. 

Have  constantly  on  hand  a  large  and  varied  stock  of 


THEOLOGICAL 

A  XI) 

Sunday  School  Library 


$ 

The  Latest  and  Best  from  all  the  Publishers. 

BIBLES,  HYMN  BOOKS, 

POCKET  BOOKS, 

ALBUMS,  CHROMOS, 

French,  English  &  American  Stationery, 

MUSIC,  rewards,  requisites, 

Church  and  Sunday  School  Papers, 

Everything,  in  fact,  necessary  for  the  complete  outfit  of 
the  Sunday  School  and  the  Church.  We  guarantee  satis- 
faction  and  furnish  all  the  above  at  New  York  prices 
Address, 

D.  H.  CARROLL,  Agent. 


Turnbull  Brothers, 

8  2V.  CHARLES  ST. 


BALTIMORE, 


Dealers  in  Books  in  Every  Department  of  Literature, 

Publishers  of  Standard  Works, 

Importers  of  Fine  Stationery, 

Manufacturers  of  Blank  Books  and  Commercial  Stationery, 

LITHOGRAPHING  SPECIALTY. 


pHECK  j300KS,  JDr  A  FTS,  <^C.,  J\[eATLY  joXECUTED, 


Cur  House  is  represented  abroad  by  skillful  and  experienced  buyers,  who 
keep  us  constantly  supplied  with  the  choicest  and  most  elegant  works  of  the 
Foreign  Press. 


Our  facilities  for  furnishing  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES 
are  unsurpassed ,  and  our  prices  are  the  lowest. 
Correspondence  soli  cited . 


172 


The  Monumental  City, 


J 


A 

llilN  Ui 


EY 


Publishers,  Booksellers  and  Stationers, 

No.  262  Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore. 


Keep  constantly  on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Books,  embracing 

School  Books,  Law  Books,  Medical  Books, 

Scientific  Books,  Agricultural  Books,  Theological  Books, 

Miscellaneous  Books,  Bibles,  Prayer  Books, 
Hymn  Books  of  every  Denomination, 

Children's  Books,  Toy  Books, 


STATIONERY, 

For  Dealers,  Banks,  Insurance  Companies ,  Counting 
Houses,  Associations ,  Newspaper  Offices,  Printers, 
Binders,  Lawyers ,  Physicians,  Clergymen , 
Brokers,  Schools,  Families,  Rail  Roads, 


Papers,  Envelopes, 

Lead  Pencils, 

Slates  and  Slate  Pencils, 
Inks,  Inkstands, 

Paper  Weights, 

Rulers, 

Erasers, 

Penknives, 

Portfolios, 

Pens,  Clips, 

MathematT  Instruments, 
Cash  Boxes, 


INCLUDING 

Post  Office  Boxes, 

Bill  Head  Boxes, 
Reference  Files, 
Copying  Presses, 
Copying  Books, 
Copying  Brushes, 

Oil  Paper, 

Blotting  Paper, 

Pocket  Books,  Games, 
Photograpli  Albums, 
Newspaper  Files, 
Calendars, 


Memorandum  Books, 
Pass  Books,  Twine, 

Pen  Holders, 

Copy  Books, 

Books  of  Notes, 

Drafts,  Checks, 
Mucilage,  Sealing  Wax, 
Tags,  Wrapping  Papers, 
Diaries,  Shears, 
Stamping  Machines, 
Check  Cancellers, 

&c.,  &c.,  &c. 


BLANK  BOOKS  OF  EVERY  SIZE,  QUALITY  AND  BINDING. 


Its  Past  Histoby  and  Pbesent  Resoubces.  17 

PAPER,  STATIONERY,  &c. 

Blank  Book  Manufactory. 

JOHN  m.  MILLER  <£  CO, 

325  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

S,.W,  eor.  Baltimore  and  Howard  Sts., 


_ _  BALTIMORE. 

Keep  on  hand  a  large  and  well  assorted  stock  of 

Cap,  Letter,  Note,  Legal  and  Wrapping  Papers, 

BONNET  BOARDS,  WINDOW  SHADES, 

||nJi5,  plates,  ||tcc(  fjcns,  pencils,  jpolfc  |)tns, 

And  every  variety  of  Stationery  for  Counting-Rooms  and  Country  Merchants. 

roA1^*,  ?or°P«i?auo.“"  :,rsa!::\r,i:,n,'r  on  ha,,<i »-  -■»*•«  *»  •*-« 

RAGS  purchased  lor  cash  or  exchanged  for  Goods.  • 


John  M.  Milleb. 


Hieam  D.  Musselman. 


ESTABLISHED  1 1ST  1840. 


THE  BALTIMORE  HEWS  CO. 

SUN  IRON  BUILDING,  ]  ta  i  r  rriifARri 
Oor,  Baltimore  and  South  Streets,!  -DALlliflUllij, 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers  in  all  articles  which  form  the 

Booksellers’,  Stationers’  and  News  Dealers’  Stock. 

- «a  » - - 

We  keep  on  hand  a  full  line  of  the  Publications  of  all  the  New  York,  Boston 
jand  Philadelphia  Houses,  and  sell  at  Publishers’  lowest  prices. 

STATIONERY  BOORS. —  A  full  stock  always  on  hand,  including  Papers , 
Pens,  Inks,  Pen  Holders,  Lead  and  Slate  Pencils,  Blank  Books,  Playing 
Sards,  Envelopes,  Slates,  Toy  Books,  Games,  Albums,  Portfolios,  Writing 
\  Desks,  and  all  the  New  Novelties,  &c.,  &c. 

INITIAL  PAPERS  a  Specialty, 

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SOUTHERN  DEPOT  FOR 

BUNK,  RAILROAD  AM)  OFFiCE  STATIONERY, 


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.S  Jfci'L  SEND  for  CATALOGUE  and  SAMPLES  of  WORK. 


A 


!he  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc.  1T5 


a? 


Ml. 


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rriiiters,  Publishers,  Booksellers,  Stationers 


WTsTXD  IMPORTERS, 

174  WEST  BALTIMORE  STREET,  BALTIMORE, 

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BOOK  AND  JOB  PRINTING  IN  ALL  ITS  BRANCHES. 

BLANK  BOOKS  MADE  TO  ORDER  IN  THE  BEST  MANNER. 

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.  Used  in  the  Public  Schools  of  Baltimore  City. 

Irving  s  Series  of  School  Catechisms , 

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Used  in  the  Virginia  Military  Institute,  Lexington,  Va. 


the  catholic  mirror, 

Official  0)  gan  of  the  Archbishop  of  Baltimore ,  and  of  the  Bishops  of  Richmond,  Wheeling , 

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KELLY,  PIET  &  CO.,  Baltimore. 


PEMBROKE  SCHOOL  FOR  BOYS  AND  YOUNG  MEN, 

Nos.  187, 189  &  191  MADISON  AVENUE,  BALTIMORE, 

A  SELECT 


Prof.  JAMES  C.  KINEAB,  A.  M.,  Principal, 

Aided  by  Six  Professors  of  established  reputation. 

Advantages  and  Accommodations  for  Boarding  and  Day  Students  Unequalled . 

COMPLETE  GYMNASIUM  AND  EXTENSIVE  PLAYGROUND. 

Session  opens  Second  Monday  in  September  and  closes  June  20th. 

For  CIRCULARS,  with  Details  and  References,  apply  as  above. 

Artists’,  Drawing  and  Wax  Flower  Materials. 

KELLINCER  &  CO. 

No.  6  NORTH  CHARLES  STREET,  BALTIMORE, 

Keep  in  stock  a  large  and  complete  assortment  of 

Artists’,  Drawing,  Gilders’,  Grainers,’  Frescoers,  Coach  &  Sign  Painters’  Materials 

OF  BEST  MAKES. 

OIL  PAINTINGS,  ENGRAVINGS,  CHR0M0S,  LITHOGRAPHS,  PHOTOGRAPHS 

IN  LARGE  VARIETY. 

Wax  Flower  Materials ,  French  Glass  Shades, 

Deealcomania  or  Transfer  Pictures . 

All  of  which  are  offered  to  the  trade  at  lowest  prices,  and  all  orders  shall  have  prompt  attention. 


176 


The  Monumental  City, 


Paper  Bags. 

(JIJHE  manufacture  of  Paper  Bags  is  of  recent  origin.  Only  a  few  years 
ago  they  were  unknown,  and  dealers  seemed  content  to  wrap  their  goods 
and  wares  in  the  old-fashioned  paper  bundles.  But  American  genius, 
which  contemplates  convenience,  as  well  as  principles  of  science  and  me¬ 
chanics,  applied  itself  to  the  comfort  of  store-keepers  and  customers,  with 
complete  success.  The  Paper  Bag  now  universally  used,  is  an  indispensable 
requisite  to  the  business,  and  the  economy  of  home.  The  most  perfect  Bag 
in  use,  is  the  invention  of  an  American  Lady.  The  machine  which  cuts,  pre¬ 
pares,  folds,  and  pastes  the  bag  with  the  square  ends  is  her  invention ;  for 
which  she  should  receive  the  daily  thanks  of  sellers  and  buyers. 

All  articles  designed  for  shipment  or  transportation,  or  home  consumption, 
are  packed  neatly  in  appropriate  bags  ;  hence  their  manufacture  has  become  a 
very  extensive  interest,  and  some  of  our  largest  Houses  have  made  a  specialty 
of  them,  with  an  invested  capital  of  upwards  of  $250,000.  The  demand  for 
them  increases  proportionately  with  growth  of  business,  and  during  the  past 
year  we  manufactured  about  one  hundred  millions,  the  sales  of  which  amounted 
to  $400,000,  requiring  about  800  tons  of  paper.  A  large  portion  of  these 
were  shipped  to  Hew  York;  and  great  quantities  sold  to  the  South  and  West, 
besides  those  used  at  home.  On  account  of  the  great  facilities  which  Balti¬ 
more  possesses  for  the  manufacture  of  Paper,  and  Paper-Bags,  its  Paper 
mills,  which  line"the  never  failing  streams  of  Maryland,  its  exhaustless  stores 
of  raw-material,  and  the  cheapness  of  labor,  render  it  the  best  market  for 
the  supply  of  this  indispensable  Paper  Package. 


Cotton. 

I 

Cotton  Trade  of  Baltimore,  is  a  growing  interest.  For  many  years, 
little  was  done  in  this  great  Staple,  but  the  increased  facilities  for  ship- 
Y  ment  to  this  Port,  the  enterprise  and  thrift  of  the  men  engaged  in  the 
trade,  and  the  admirable  system  of  warehouse  storage  recently  introduced, 
have  given  an  impetus  to  the  Cotton  business  which  promises  to  make  it  a 
very  powerful  auxiliary  to  the  commercial  prosperity  of  our  city.  A  Cotton 
Exchange  has  lately  been  established,  which  publishes  a  daily  Market  State¬ 
ment,  and  in  many  ways  facilitates  trade  in  this  important  branch  of  industry. 
Its  officers  are  Messrs.  George  P.  Tiffany,  President;  Geo.  B.  Gaither  Jr., 
\  ice- President ;  Jos.  S.  Whedbee,  Treasurer;  Fred’k.  G.  Whelan,  Secretary; 
and  its  members  are  gentlemen  of  the  highest  standing  and  excellence  in  the 
community.  the  receipts  of  Cotton  for  the  present  year  have  greatly 
exceeded  those  of  any  similar  period  in  the  past;  and  the  demand  for  expor- 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  177 

tation,  and  for  home  consumption,  by  the  immense  factories  in  and  around 
our  city  for  the  manufacture  of  Cotton  Duck  and  the  lighter  Cotton  goods 
leaves  no  doubt  of  the  very  rapid  increase  of  the  trade  in  the  future.  The 
system  of  warehouse  storage  established  in  1867  under  a  charter  from 
the  State  of  Maryland  by  a  number  of  our  leading  capitalists,  is  superior 
perhaps  in  perfection  of  detail  and  security,  to  that  of  any  city 
111  the  country.  Some  of  our  leading  merchants  are  engaged  in  the 
Cotton  business,  and  they  can  now  advance  money  on  consignments  with 
security  to  themselves,  and  their  patrons.  When  the  Cotton  reaches  this  port, 
it  can  be  stored  at  comparatively  little  expense  in  the  vast  reservoirs  of  the 
Company,  where  it  may  remain  for  a  mere  trifle,  until  a  favorable  opportunity 
offers  for  its  disposal.  In  the  meantime  cotton-certificates  are  issued  by  the 
Baltimore  Warehouse  Company,  incorporated  1867,  which  can  be  transferred 
as  other  negotiable  securities.  The  capital  of  the  company  is  $1,000,000,  and 
the  flattering  auspices  under  which  it  was  inaugurated  leaves  no  doubt  of  its 
success  in  the  future  and  its  beneficial  influence  upon  the  Cotton  trade  of  our 
city.  In  connection  with  the  Cotton  trade  of  Baltimore,  a  Cotton-Press  has 
been  established,  with  all  the  modern  improvements  in  machinery,  and  with 
a  capacity  sufficient  to  accommodate  the  wants  of  the  trade  for  many  years  to 
come.  Fiom  data  before  us  and  for  reasons  which  have  been  repeatedly  urged, 
we  think  it  safe  to  say,  that  Baltimore  is  destined  in  the  future  to  become  one 
of  the  great  Cotton  marts  of  the  world. 

EDIT'D,  T.  NORRIS.  S  VMM  Ell  FI  EL  D  BALDWIN. 

WAEEEN  COTTON  MILLS,  WARREN,  BALTIMOEE  COUNTY,  MB. 


NORRIS  &  BALDWIN.  AGENTS,  DRY  GOODS  COMMISSION  MERCHANTS, 

UNTO.  28  SKA.K.S5  STREET,  BALTIMORE. 


178 


The  Monumental  City, 


ALBERTON  COTTON  MILLS, 


MARYLAND. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF  THE  WELL  KNOWN 

Alberton  Standard 
SHEETINGS  and  DRILLS. 

Alberton  and  Kentucky  7-8  and  4-4 

OSNABURGS. 

Alberton  and  Sagouan  28,  36  and  40  inch 

TWILLS. 

Western  Star  29  and  40  inch 

DUCK, 

For  Tents  and  Wagon  Covers. 

Baltimore  281  inch 
DUCK. 

Alberton  40  inch  Striped 
BAGGING. 

Alberton  Blue  and  Brown 

DENIMS. 

Alberton  Blue,  Green  and  Fancy  Colors, 

AWNING  STRIPES. 

Cotton  Warps,  Carpet  Chains,  &c. 

OFFICE,  24  GERMAN  STREET, 

BALTIMORE. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Kesources 


179 


180  The  Monumental  City, 

SAVAGE  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

HOWARD  COUNTY,  MD. 
Owners,  WM.  H.  BALDWIN,  JR.  &  CO. 

Selling  Agents,  WOODWARD,  BALDWIN  &  CO  .{“S’ 


LAUREL  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

LAUREL,  PRINCE  GEORGE’S  COUNTY,  MD. 

GEORGE  P.  TIFFANY,  President.  cnR,T  dm  emu  c  ■ 
EDWARD  TIFFANY,  Secretary.  R0B  T  PILSOiL  Superin  t. 

LAUREL  D  4-4  STANDARD  SHEETINGS, 

Do.  H  4-4  MEDIUM  Do. 

CHASE,  STEWART  &  CO.,  Baltimore  and  New  York  Selling  Agents. 


Cotton  Duck. 

cljlRIOR  to  1839  all  or  nearly  all  the  Cotton  Duck  manufactured  in  this 
Jjjt)  country  was  made  by  the  Passaic  and  Phoenix  Mills  in  Paterson,  New 
Jersey,  and  the  exorbitant  prices  demanded  by  these  monopolists,  did 
much  to  check  the  trade  in  this  article.  To-day,  two- thirds  of  the  Duck  made 
in  the  United  States  is  manufactured  in  the  vicinity  of  Baltimore,  and  the  above 
mentioned 'mills  have  discontinued  its  production.  In  the  year  1839  the 
property  known  as  the  Old  White  Hall  Flouring  Mill,  on  Jones’  Falls,  was 
purchased  by  one  of  our  distinguished  citizens  and  converted  into  a  Cotton 
Factory.  The  enterprize  prospered,  and  in  1843  the  Woodberry  Factory  was 
1  >uiit,  and  its  capacity  doubled  in  1845.  The  Mount  Vernon  Factory  was 
constructed  at  the  same  time.  The  Old  White  Hall  was  burnt  in  1852,  and 
the  Clipper  Mill,  a  factory  of  great  capacity,  was  erected  on  its  site  with  such 
expedition,  that  it  was  in  running  order  six  months  after  the  conflagration. 
This  mill  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1866,  but  subsequently  rebuilt,  and  its 
capacity  doubled.  The  Druid  Mill  was  commenced  in  1865,  and  enlarged  in 
18(2.  I  lie  latter  is  at  present  the  largest  Cotton  Duck  Mill  in  the  country. 
In  addition,  there  are  now  at  work  in  the  vicinity  of  Woodberry,  the  Mount 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  181 

Vernon  factory  No.  2,  the  Park  Mill,  and  the  Washington  Factory,  all 
engaged  m  the  manufacture  of  Cotton  Duck. 

thT  War  ,had  a  dePressing  effect  upon  the  production  of  this  com¬ 
modity  Our  domestic  mills  were  cut  off  from  their  Southern  supply  of  the 

raw  material— -Cotton  advanced  fabulously  in  price,  and  Russian  and  English 
iooms  for  the  tune  practically  suppiied  the  market.  In  1866,  the  price  of 
cotton  fell  rapidly— the  new  crop  from  the  South  was  brought  to  the  factories, 
anc  smce  that  time  foreign  goods  have  almost  been  driven  from  the  market, 

.  Process  through  which  the  raw  material  passes  before  it  is  converted 
into  Duck  may  be  interesting  to  our  readers.  The  cotton  is  first  cleaned  by 
machinery,  and  after  seeds,  lumps  and  dirt  are  removed,  it  is  transferred  to 
carding  machines,  which  perform,  on  an  immense  scale,  the  operation  which 
was  formerly  slowly  effected  by  hand.  It  passes  thence  through  several 
machines,  by  which  the  roll  of  fibres  is  gradually  reduced  in  size,  and  becomes 
at  last  a  firm,  fine  thread.  A  number  of  these  are  then  twisted  together  to 
make  a  cord  of  sufficient  strength,  and  of  these  latter  the  “warp,”  or  foun¬ 
dation  of  the  fabric  is  formed ;  other  cords,  wound  on  bobbins,  supply  the 
“woof”  or  filling.  These  woven  together  by  the  looms  make  the  cloth  com¬ 
plete,  and  it  is  then  rolled  into  bolts,  and  packed  in  bales  for  shipment.  All 
this  necessarily  requires  an  immense  amount  of  intricate  machinery,  and  it  is 
estimated  that  a  force  of  two  thousand  two  hundred  horse  power  is  used  in  these 
Mills.  In  addition  to  the  manufacture  of  Cotton-Duck,  Fishing  Nets  are  made 
here  by  machinery,  the  only  place  in  the  United  States  where  this  is  done 
to  any  great  extent.  Upwards  of  25,000  bales  or  more  than  12,000,000  pounds 
of  cotton  are  consumed  annually  by  these  Mills.  They  employ  fully  1,800 
hands,  and  minister  to  the  support  of  at  least  5,000  persons.  The  Cotton - 
Duck  is  used  extensively  in  the  manufacture  of  sails,  awnings,  bags,  and  for 
a  number  of  other  purposes.  It  is  unnecessary  to  add  that  the  South  and 
West  can  be  supplied  in  this  market  on  the  most  reasonable  terms. 


Cotton  Bags. 


6S  an  appendage  to  the  manufacture  of  Cotton  goods  in  the  city  of  Balti¬ 
more,  and  especially  to  the  manufacture  of  Cotton-Duck,  the  preparation 
of  grain  Bags  and  Sacks  demands  particular  notice.  Baltimore  is  favor¬ 
ably  located  for  their  manufacture.  The  many  mill  streams  in  the  neighbor¬ 
hood  of  the. city,  the  numerous  cotton  mills  in  and  immediately  around  it,  and 
the  superiority  of  the  heavier  class  of  domestics  especially  suitable  as  material 
for  their  construction,  enable  the  manufacturers  to  compete  successfully  with 
any  of  the  Eastern  cities ;  while  the  moderate  cost  of  living,  and  low  rents, 
give  the  trade  an  advantage  over  New  York  and  Boston.  The  immense 


182 


The  Monumental  City, 


amount  of  wheat  and  corn  which  passes  through,  or  is  manipulated  in  our 
market,  creates  a  demand  for  the  manufacture  of  grain  Bags  and  Sacks,  which 
would  at  all  times  cause  a  degree  of  activity  with  the  merchant  engaged  in 
that  trade ;  but  a  system  prevails  at  this  Port  which  lenders  the  market  very 
particularly  active.  A  very  extensive  business  is  done  in  hiring  Sacks  for 
shipment  to  Europe,  the  owner  of  the  Sacks  shipping  under  his  own  Bill  of 
Lading,  in  the  same  manner  as  the  dealer  ships  his  grain.  The  capital 
invested  in  the  trade  is  very  large,  all  Jute  Goods  are  landed  by  our 
European  Steamers  at  lower  freights  than  elsewhere.  The  facilities  for 
the  manufacture  of  the  Bags  are  first-class,  and  the  character  of  the  men 
engaged  in  this  branch  of  industry  is  a  complete  guarantee  that  persons 
dealing  with  them  are  sure  to  get  what  they  buy.  In  this  particular  branch 
of  manufacture,  the  Baltimore  article  can  readily  compete  with  that  of  New 
York  or  any  other. 


JOHN  C.  GRAFFLIN. 


GEO.  W.  GRAFFLIN. 

BALTIMORE  BAG  FACTORY, 

Nos.  73,  75  and  77  SOUTH  STREET. 

JOHN  C.  GRAFFLIN  &  CO. 

IAlPORTExvS,  MANUFACTURERS  AND  aIEAlERS  IN 

BURLAPS,  COTTON  BAGGING, 

BALE  ROPE,  TWINES, 

New  and  Second-Hand  Seamless,  Grain  &  Gnnny  Rags,  Cotton  Duck,  Twills 

GUANO,  BUCKWHEAT,  FLOUR  AND  SALT  BAGS  PRINTED  TO  ORDER. 

^C^IEUNTTS  FOR  THE  “ARROW  TIE,” 


MARYLAND  BAG  FACTORY. 


MANUFACTURERS  AND  DEALERS  IN  EVERY  DESCRIPTION  OF 


«* 


Phosphate  Bags  neatly  Printed  to  Order. 

•STTOBACCO  POUCHES  A  SPECIALTY 


SOUTH  AND  PRATT  STREETS,  BALTIMORE. 


Maryland  Life  Insurance  Co. 


No.  10  South  Street,  Baltimore. 


183 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 

WM,  KNABE  *  CO, 

PIANO-FORTE  MANUFACTURERS,  SQUARE,  GRAND  AND  UPRIGHT, 
Ware-Booms,  No.  350  W.  Baltimore  St.,  Baltimore, 

112  FIFTH  AVENUE,  NEW  'YOKE  CITY. 


Curled  Hair. 

-  _ __  % 

U 

ABOfUT  the  year  1836,  a  young  German  came  to  this  country  and  shortly 
afterwards  established  a  small  factory  for  the  manufacture  of  Hair, 
^  Bristles,  &c.,  on  Colston’s  Hill,  near  the  Hookstown  Road.  The  life  of 
the  factory  was  healthy  from  the  first,  and  its  business  gradually  enlarged, 
j  until  in  1847  the  location  was  insufficient  for  its  pressing  requ iremen ts.  A 
lot  of  ground  was  purchased  on  the  Frederick  Road,  and  a  new  factory  erected, 
from  that  time  to  the  present  the  increase  of  the  trade  has  been  very  rapid. 
I  he  various  uses  to  which  Hair  and  Bristles  are  put,  the  rapid  development 
of  the  country,  and  the  incessant  demand  for  goods  of  this  sort  for  upholstering 
purposes  and  brush  materials,  and  the  toilet  generally,  caused  an  expansion 
of  the  trade,  which  rendered  it  difficult  at  times,  to  supply  the  orders  that 
came  to  the  factory.  Its  capacity  was  enlarged,  agencies  were  created  in  the 
leading  cities  of  the  west  for  the  procurement  of  raw  materials;  tenant  houses 
were  erected  for  the  employees,  warehouses  for  the  storage  of  both  crude  and 
manufactured  goods;  and  now  a  thriving  village  crowns  the  location  which 
.but  a  few  years  ago  was  a  barren  plat  of  ground.  Others  encouraged  by  the 
i  success  of  the  young  German,  have  invested  money  in  the  business,  and  a 
number  of  smaller  factories  have  sprung  into  existance,  whose  business  is  only 
circumscribed  by  their  capacity. 

The  factory  on  the  Frederick  road,  known  as  Wilkens’  Factory,  turns  out 
40,000  pounds  of  manufactured  goods  per  week;  and  it  is  estimated  that  at 
least  seven  hundred  operatives  are  employed,  and  several  million  of  dollars 
are  invested  in  the  business.  The  manufactured  goods  are  consigned  to  Retail 
Merchants  and  Upholsterers  throughout  the  United  States;  and  large  quan¬ 
tities  are  exported  for  consumption  abroad. 

The  curled  and  manufactured  Hair  produced  by  the  factories  of  Baltimore 
|.s  unsurpassed  for  excellence,  and  the  market  price  is  lower  than  in  any  other 
pity  in  the  United  States,  because  of  the  vast  capital  invested,  the  extensive 
experience,  and  thorough  knowledge  of  the  business,  possessed  by  those 
pngaged  in  its  production. 


184 


The  Monumental  City, 


William  Wilkens.  H.  II.  CJrane. 

WILLIAM  WILKENS  &  CO. 

'  STEAM 

Curled  Hair  &  Bristle  Manufacturers, 

DEALERS  IN 

HAIR  CLOTH,  DAMASK,  PLUSH, 

AND 

Upholsterers’ and  Coach  and  Cabinet  Makers’  Materials 

IN  GENERAL, 


3001  W.  Pratt  Street, 

BALTIMORE. 


217  Pearl  Street, 

NEW  YORK. 


Leaf  Tobacco. 


ijllHE  Tobacco  market  of  this  city  has  been  of  paramount  importance  at  all 
H|  times  since  the  commencement  of  its  history.  In  colonial  times  and  in- 
W  deed  for  a  long  period  afterwards,  it  was  the  only  crop  raised  in  this  State, 
by  which  she  was  known  to  outsiders,  insomuch  that  the  lands  were  impov¬ 
erished,  and  farmers  and  planters  driven  to  the  cultivation  of  other  products, 
to  restore  the  soil  to  its  original  fertility.  Early  in  the  history  of  the  State, 
inspection  laws  were  adopted  by  the  Legislature  for  the  protection  of  planters 
and  buyers.  These  laws  were  perhaps  the  most  judicious  of  their  kind  ever 
devised,  and  have  remained  in  force  with  but  little  alteration  to  the  present 
moment.  Under  them,  five  large  warehouses  have  been  established  in  Balti¬ 
more,  at  points  convenient  to  the  shipping.  The  manner  of  inspection  is  so 
simple,  and  apparently  equitable,  that  it  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  give  a 
brief  description  of  the  process.  One  head  of  a  hogshead  of  Tobacco  having 
been  removed  and  the  hoops  loosend,  the  hogshead  is  turned  over,  and  the  entire 
casing  lifted  oft  the  Tobacco.  The  compact  mass  thus  exposed,  is  broken  into  at 
five  different  points  with  an  iron  bar,  and  a  sample  taken  from  each  opening. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  185 

wifi*1  T'aget°f  6aCh  ?f  1tllese  samPles  is  selected,  and  the  whole  tied  together 
.  s  long  ape,  sealed  and  labelled.  The  casing  is  replaced,  and  the  hogs 
head  coopered  according  to  its  necessities.  The  samples  chosen  and  made 
official,  sue  legarded  as  establishing  the  grade  of  the  Tobacco,  as  well  as 
the  quality  ot  the  packing,  and  by  these  the  sales  are  made.  The  fees 
waste  and  cost  of  storage,  4c,  are  so  insignificant  when  compared  with 
methods  of  inspection  in  other  cities,  that  though  the  policy  of  the  State 
of  late  years  lias  been  to  discourage  governmental  inspections,  the  system 
with  reference  to  Tobacco  has  not  been  disturbed.  Four  of  the  five  In 
specters  are  taken  from  the  rural  districts,  where  the  wiles  of  politics 

been  b  iT  t0  and  fail’  deali”g;  a«d  the  consequence  has 

been  that  with  the  rarest  exceptions,  the  offices  have  been  filled  by  high 

toned,  honorable  gentlemen  engaged  in  the  cultivation  of  the  plant  them 

selves  and  thoroughly  competent  to  discharge  the  duties  which  pertain  to 

The  increase  of  the  trade  in  this  city,  and  the  insufficient  accommodations 
of  the  present  warehouses,  have  led  to  the  erection  of  another  which  will 

S  f7  7?ths-  Durin«  the  year  18^  there  were  inspected 

51,209  hogsheads  of  Tobacco,  in  addition  to  5,683  hogsheads  remaining 

m  the  warehouses  on  the  1st  of  January  of  that  year.  The  Foreign  ship¬ 
ments  during  that  period,  and  which  were  made  to  a  large  number  of 
[European  ports  were  49,983  hogsheads.  The  quality  of  the  Tobacco  grown 
in  Maryland,  and  that  brought  to  this  market  from  Ohio,  and  Kentucky  is 
of  coarse,  heavy  grade,  and  is  consumed  principally  in  portions  of  France 
md  Germany,  where  the  people  care  more  for  quantity  than  quality.  Ship¬ 
ments  have  been  retarded  to  some  extent  by  the  scarcity  of  tonnage,  but  the 
ncreased  facilities  afforded  by  the  improvements  in  the  harbor  to  becompleted 
Py  the  first  of  May,  and  the  very  rapid  augmentation  of  the  shipping  in  the 
oast  few  months,  will  lead  in  the  near  future,  to  a  very  large  expansion  of  the 
;rade. 


VC  GUNTHER 

General  Commission  Merchant 


AND 


TOBACCO  FACTOR, 

dNTo.  90  Lombard  Street, 


ONE  DOOR  WEST  OF  EXCHANGE  PLACE 


BALTIMORE. 


12 


186 


The  Monumental  City, 


WM.  A.  BOYD  &  CO. 

WHOLESALE  DEALEES  IN 

SEED,  LEAF  &  HAVANA 


Have  always  in  store  a  full  assortment  of  ‘*CONN”  and  other  select  crops. 

Manufactured  Tobacco, 


No.  33  South  Street,  Baltimore. 


if EliNEli  JJBESEJ 


FEED.  DRESEL. 


W.  DRESEL  &  CO. 

TOBACCO 


AND 


General  Commission  Merchants. 


Werner  Dresel,  Imperial  German  Consul. 


37  South  Gay  St. 


BALTIMORE. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


187 


Manufactured  Tobacco. 

«UR  City  has  always  been  one  of  the  leading  markets  for  Manufactured  To¬ 
bacco.  It  is  contiguous  to  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  and  the  great  sections 
?  °t  America  noted  for  the  production  of  the  best  Tobacco  on  this  continent 
and  also  for  the  manufacture  of  the  best  Chewing  and  Smoking  Tobacco  in 

®  WOTld‘  ifhus  locatetl>  Baltimore  commands  a  large  portion  of  this  trade, 
and  is  in  reality  the  best  distributing  market  in  the  country.  The  Commis- 

swn  and  Jobbing  Trade,  with  heavy  capital  is  enabled  to  carry  large  stocks 
and  with  the  forwarding  facilities  of  rail  and  water,  gives  us  superior  advan¬ 
tages  over  any  other  city.  We  have  also  several  very  large  factories  for  the 
manufacture  of  Smoking  Tobacco,  Pine-cut,  and  Snuffs,  with  advantages 
unsurpassed  by  any  others  elsewhere.  The  Brands  of  these  have  attained  a 
Wide  reputation  in  this  country  and  Europe. 

Cigars  are  extensively  manufactured  in  this  city,  and  their  superior  quality 
has  gained  for  them,  great  popularity  at  home  and  abroad. 

Responsible  agencies  of  the  Tobacco  Manufacturers  of  any  prominence  in 
the  trade  of  the  country  are  established  here,  thus  giving  additional  value 
and  attraction  to  the  Baltimore  Market. 


B.  I*.  PARLETT  &  CO. 

WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 


MA  X  UFA  CT  UR  E I) 


92  Lombard  Street,  near  Soutli, 


BALTIMORE. 


J.  D.  KREMELBERG’S 


PACTOEY 

OF 


&m  w: 


S> 


14  &  16  South  Frederick  Street , 

Office — 5(>  South  Gay  Street, 

P.O.BOX  781.  BALTIMORE. 


188 


The  Monumental  City, 

MARYLAND  LIFE  INSURANCE  CO. 


No,  10  South  Street,  Baltimore. 


L  u  m  her. 


f,HE  Lumber  Trade  of  Baltimore  city,  is  very  great.  We  are  so  favorably 
located  for  the  prosecution  of  the  business,  it  would  be  really  strange 
V  were  this  not  the  case.  The  Chesapeake  Bay  affords  easy  access  to  the 
vast  Lumber  regions  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina;  the  Susquehanna 
drains  the  extensive  woodlands  of  Pennsylvania,  while  the  railroad  corpora¬ 
tions  which  centre  in  Baltimore  stretch  out  their  arms  into  the  almost  lim¬ 
itless  forests  of  West  Virginia,  Ohio  and  Indiana.  In  addition  to  the  require¬ 
ments  for  building  purposes,  this  branch  of  industry  has  been  greatly  extended 
of  late  because  of  the  vast  increase  in  the  number  of  Houses  engaged  in  the 
Furniture  Trade,  the  enlargement  of  the  business  of  those  already  estab¬ 
lished,  and  the  springing  up  in  our  midst  of  factories  for  the  manufacture  of 
Mouldings,  Ovals,  Mirror  and  Picture  Frames,  &c.,  &c. 

The  last  few  years  have  witnessed  a  decided  change  in  popular  taste  with 
reference  to  the  material  out  of  which  furniture  is  constructed.  Fashion  has 
greafly  diminished  the  use  of  rose-wood  and  mahogany,  and  hence  their 
importation  is  mainly  for  veneering  purposes.  With  the  increase  in  wealth 
and  the  development  of  taste,  wants  have  become  general  which  were  formerly 
confined  within  a  narrow  circle,  and  the  demand  for  highly  wrought  mouldings, 
handsome  frames,  passe-partouts,  <kc.,  has  necessitated  the  establishment  of 
extensile  factories  to  meet  it,  where  work  of  the  most  finished  description  is 
turned  out. 

. 

Walnut,  Ash,  Poplar  and  White  Pine  are  now  used  almost  exclusively  by 
fumituie  dealers,  and  immense  quantities  reach  the  market  annually.  The 
best  V  alnut  is  brought  from  the  States  of  Ohio  and  Indiana;  vast  quantities 
of  Poplar  come  from  the  forests  of  West  Virginia,  while  the  States  of  Vir¬ 
ginia,  North  Carolina,  Georgia  and  Florida  furnish  Yellow  Pine,  from  the 
last  two  of  which  is  obtained  the  finest  material  to  be  found  in  the  world. 
Ash  and  White  Pine  reach  this  market  in  large  quantities  from  Pennsyl¬ 
vania,  Ohio  and  Indiana.  About  thirty  large  Houses  are  engaged  in  the 
Lumber  business  in  this  city  with  an  immense  aggregate  capital.  The  gen- 

i  Linen  w  ho  compose  the  above  firms  are  among  our  most  reliable  and  honored 
citizens. 

One  hundred  million  feet  of  White  Pine,  one  hundred  million  feet 
V  ellow  1  ine,  and  fifty  million  feet  of  other  Woods,  including  Walnut, 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  189 

Poplar,  Ash,  &c.,  are  received  in  Baltimore  annually.  Much  of  the  Wood  is 

used  iu  the  ta  t!m0r®  al!  i1  shlpped  from  here  t0  other  places.  The  machinery 
used  m  the  trade  is  of  the  most  highly  improved  character,  and  the  number 

mployees  veiy  large.  The  workmanship  is  superior,  and  the  trade  offer 
tiifcotmtry8  t0  PUrChaSerS  eql,al  to  those  extended  in  any  other  market  in 

,  1S,  a,faCt  Worthy  of  Mention,  as  showing  not  only  the  facilities  of  the 

ade  but  the  reciprocity  of  the  different  sections  of  our  country,  that  lar<m 
quantities  of  the  Lumber  product  of  the  South,  Yellow  Pine  and  Cypress,  are 
sen  to  the  distant  cities  of  the  West  and  North-West,  where  it  is  used  almost 
e\c  usively  m  car  _  building,  and  for  other  manufacturing  purposes,  in  which 
c  leapness,  durability  and  strength,  are  essential  qualifications.  This  Lumber 
is  manufactured  to  order  at  the  Southern  mills,  shipped  direct  to  the  con¬ 
sumer  and  is  ready  for  use  upon  receipt.  The  orders  are  received  in  Balti¬ 
more  by  those  dealers  who  have  large  interests  in  the  South,  and  of  course 
minister  to  the  importance  of  our  City.  The  trade  is  growing  rapidly  and 
will  ere  long  demonstrate  the  fact  that  the  Western  Lumber  dealer  appreciates 
the  Lumber  product  of  the  South  as  thoroughly  as  we  value  the  White  Pine 
forests  of  the  North  and  West.  In  addition  to  the  Lumber  Trade  carried  on 
with  the  South  and  West,  large  quantities  of  White  and  Yellow  Pine  are 
shipped  to  the  At  est  Indies  and  South  America. 


~  cf' 

&&J0 

Ns 

I 

FIS 

<■ 

gi 

GEO.  G.  TYLER,  TIMBER  AND  LUMBER, 

BOSTON  STREET,  0-A.IsTX03ST. 


190 


The  Monumental  City, 


D.  E.  THOMAS  &  CO. 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers  in 

CABINET  AND  BUILDING 

LUMBER, 

No.  56  East  Falls  Avenue, 

Baltimore,  Md. 


Agricultural  Implements. 

HE  honorable  position  which  the  Science  of  Agriculture  has  occupied  in 
Maryland  in  conjunction  with  the  other  Southern  States,  has  made  Balti¬ 
more  at  all  times  during  her  history  an  extensive  market  for  Agricultural 
Implements.  The  present  is  unquestionably  the  era  of  improvement  in  labor- 
saving  machinery.  The  farmers  of  Maryland,  generally  educated  and  culti¬ 
vated,  have  not  been  slow  to  avail  themselves  of  the  advantages  which  have 
been  thereby  presented. 

They  early  found  that  their  lands,  along  with  the  saving  of  labor  by  the 
use  of  implements,  exhibited  also  an  increase  of  productiveness  which 
amply  compensated  them  for  an  appreciation  of  the  prices  of  machinery. 
This  exercised  a  fostering  influence  over  the  establishments  engaged  in  their 
manufacture,  and  gave  to  the  trade  an  impetus,  which  by  judicious  foresight 
and  energy  the  manufacturers  have  been  able  to  enlarge,  until  to-day  our 
City  ranks  far  ahead  of  most  of  the  large  cities  in  America ;  and  surpassed  by 
few  if  any,  in  the  production  of  these  essentials  to  farming.  In  fact,  East 
of  the  Ohio  no  city  can  compete  with  Baltimore  in  this  regard. 

Ten  large  Houses  are  at  present  doing  a  thriving  business  in  this  branch  of 
industry  with  a  very  handsome  working  capital,  and  a  number  of  hands 
averaging  four  hundred.  Formerly  each  House  embraced  in  its  operations  all 
the  various  implements  used  in  Agriculture,  as  also  Seed  and  other  goods 
belonging  to  that  pursuit.  The  introduction  of  steam  and  the  vast  improve¬ 
ments  in  machinery  made  it  cheaper  for  Houses  to  select  a  specialty  and 
follow  it.  In  this  way  certain  labor-saving  machines  are  manufactured  at 
cheaper  rates  than  formerly,  and  in  a  style  excelled  nowhere  on  this  continent. 
Of  course  the  number  of  machines  or  implements  manufactured  here  has 
been  redueed ;  but  the  usefulness  of  those  produced  has  been  proportionately 
increased,  and  the  general  dimensions  of  the  trade  greatly  enlarged,  while 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  J91 

factories  for  all  the  very  best  labor-saving  machines  manufactured  in  the 

United  States  have  here  established  agencies,  where  they  can  be  purchased  at 
the  factory  rates. 

All  the  Agricultural  establishments  of  Baltimore  offer  the  strongest  induce¬ 
ments  to  purchasers  from  abroad  in  the  way  of  choice  and  carefully  selected 
seed,  large  quantities  of  which,  when  not  produced  under  favorable  auspices 
m  this  country,  are  imported  expressly  for  the  Baltimore  market.  The 
annual  sales  in  this  branch  of  industry  are  very  heavy  and  rapidly  increasing, 
annually  amounting  at  present  to  fully  $3,000,000.  Large  invoices  of  Ag¬ 
ricultural  Implements,  Seeds,  &c.,  are  shipped  to  the  Southern  States,  and 
along  the  line  of  the  Atlantic  coast,  in  fact  through  all  the  country  east  of 
the  Ohio.  In  this  department  of  trade,  Baltimore  affords  to  dealers,  a  market 
equal  in  quality  and  prices,  to  any  other  in  the  United  States. 


E.  WHITMAN.  Established  1843.  E.  B.  WHITMAN. 

E.  WHITMAN  &  SONS, 

Nos.  145  &  147  WEST  PRATT  ST., 

BALTIMORE, 

Manufacturers  and  Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers  In 

AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS,  SEEDS  AND  FERTILIZERS. 

WHITMAN’S  METAL-LINED  CUCUMBER  PUMP, 

THE  ONLY  PERFECT  PORTABLE  WOOD  PUMP  MADE. 


Sash  Factories. 


fitlNCE  the  introduction  of  steam-power  into  the  ordinary  pursuits  of  life, 
]gg  vast  improvements  have  been  made  in  carpentry.  Especially  has  this 
^  been  the  case  with  reference  to  the  manufacture  of  Sash,  Window 
Frames,  Doors,  Blinds  &c.  So  great  have  been  the  advances  in  this  depart¬ 
ment  of  industry,  that  the  humblest  and  cheapest  dwelling  erected  in  the 
larger  cities  at  this  present  writing,  will  compare  favorably  in  interior  finish 
with  the  most  gorgeous  edifices  of  former  times.  Baltimore  has  kept  pace 
with  other  cities  in  this  regard. 

Thirteen  Sash  Factories,  employing  upwards  of  seven  hundred  hands,  and 
manipulating  $1,000,000  of  capital,  are  at  present  in  operation  in  this  city. 
For  fifty  years  the  business  of  wood-working  has  been  one  of  our  most  active 
industries,  but  in  the  last  five  years  the  trade  has  trebled.  The  quality  of  the 
work  done  by  our  factories  is  fully  up  to  the  standard  established  in  other 


192 


The  Monumental  City, 

cities.  Offices,  churches,  and  public  buildings  are  fitted  by  the  trade,  in  a 
style  of  taste  and  elegance  unsurpassed  elsewhere,  and  which  has  commanded 
the  admiration  of  parties  from  abroad.  Baltimore  has  great  facilities  in  the 
way  of  securing  lumber  of  the  most  available  description,  and  upon  the  most 
advantageous  terms.  The  factories  engaged  in  the  business,  turn  out  all  kinds 
of  work,  and  offer  as  great  inducements  to  purchasers  as  can  be  obtained  in 
any  othei  city  in  America.  As  large  as  the  demand  is  for  home  consumption 
it  by  no  means  disposes  of  the  material  turned  out  by  these  establishments; 
and  large  quantities  of  Sash,  Window  Blinds,  and  general  Finishings  for 

buildings,  are  shipped  to  the  Southern  States,  South  America  and  the  West 
Indies. 


G.  O.  STEVENS. 


D.  G.  STEVENS. 


_  _  u.  Cr.  Oi 

GEO.  O.  STEVENS  &  CO. 

Corner  Front  and  Fayette  Streets, 

Opposite  Shot  Tower.  _  BALTIMORE. 


Slate,  Marble  and  Wooden  Mantels, 

Mouldings,  Cornice,  Stair  Fixings,  &c. 

BUILDERS’  SUPPLIES. 

BALTIMORE  MADE  WORK. 


JOHN  W.  WILSON. 


JOHN  W.  WILSON,  Jr. 


JO  HIM  W.  WILSON  &  sour, 

LUMBER  DEALERS 

AND  MANUFACTURERS  OF 


Sashes,  Doors,  Blinds,  Brackets,  JHonIdings, 

Handrails,  JYewels,  Balusters,  d’c. 

No.  333  SOUTH  EUTAW  STREET,  BALTIMORE. 

S.  H.  &  J.  F.  ADAMS, 


No.  41  Barnett  Street, 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  193 

J.  B.  THOMAS.  J.  L  LAWTON.  WM.  MENTZEL. 

JOS.  THOMAS  «£  SON, 

Maryland  Moulding,  Turning  &  Sawing  Works, 

AND  SASH,  DOOR  AND  SHUTTER  FACTORY. 

Church 
Pews 


AND 


Furniture. 


Established 


Office 

Desks, 

Railing,  dec. 


1820. 


BUILDING  MATERIALS 

park  J^ISTID  OLAY  STREETS 

BUILDING  AND  HARD  WOOD  LUMBER  DEALERS 

_  434  WEST  PRATT  STREET ,  CORNER  PENN,  BALTIMORE.  ' 


Furniture. 

(jl^HE  manufacture  of  Furniture  is  usually  a  prominent  feature  in  the  bus- 
JJjl  iness  of  large  cities.  Our  own  is  not  behind  her  sisters  in  this  regard. 

^  The  manufacture  and  sale  of  all  kinds  of  Furniture  have  been  for  years 
a  leading  and  rapidly  increasing  interest  in  Baltimore.  Our  facilities  are 
superior  to  those  of  most  American  cities.  For  the  lighter  kinds  of  Cabinet 
Furniture  the  yery  best  article  of  yellow-pine  can  be  obtained  via  the  Chesa¬ 
peake  Bay,  from  the  forests  of  lower  Maryland,  Virginia,  and  North  Carolina. 
For  other  classes  of  Furniture  the  forests  of  West  Virginia  furnish  an  inex¬ 
haustible  supply  of  soft  poplar,  which  by  easy  and  cheap  transportation  over  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  can  be  obtained  on  the  most  reasonable  terms, 
while  the  competition  between  the  western  sections  of  this  Road  and  the  Penn- 
!  sylvania  Central,  enables  our  manufacturers  to  obtain  their  supplies  of  black- 
'  walnut  from  the  forests  of  Indiana,  at  less  cost  than  those  of  the  North  and 
East,  whose  distance  is  more  remote.  This,  in  addition  to  the  fact  that  the 
i  cost  of  living  and  labor  is  cheaper  in  Baltimore,  has  led  to  a  very  rapid  de¬ 
velopment  of  the  business;  and  in  the  last  five  years  the  manufacture  and  sale 
;  of  Furniture  have  been  more  than  doubled ;  while  many  new  firms  have  been 
i  added  to  those  already  in  existence. 


194 


The  Monumental  City, 

As  an  indication  of  the  enlargement  of  the  trade  and  the  low  prices  in  this 
city,  it  may  be  stated  that  during  the  past  year  extensive  orders  for  Sewing 
Machine  Frames  have  been  received  by  our  manufacturers  from  the  large 
towns  of  the  Morth,  and  have  been  filled  so  satisfactorily  as  to  lead  to  a 
repetition  of  the  orders.  Every  style  of  Furniture,  from  the  richest  and 
most  chaste  designs  for  parlors,  drawing-rooms,  chambers,  and  offices,  to  the 
less  pretentious  cabinet  setts,  is  manufactured  with  equal  care  and  skill.  Those 
engaged  in  the  business  have  displayed  great  enterprise;  and  have  not 
contented  themselves  with  their  own  resources  in  the  selection  of  patterns, 
but  have  made  it  a  point  to  visit  localities  where  Furniture  is  largely  manu¬ 
factured,  and  study  the  ingenuity  and  tastes  of  other  sections.  Thus  the 
most  fastidious  and  refined  taste  can  be  gratified  in  our  city. 

A  certain  amount  of  European  Furniture  is  imported  here,  to  supply  the 
demand  of  those  who  can  afford  the  luxury  of  foreign  styles,  but  the  skill  of 
our  handicraftmen  has  so  thoroughly  kept  pace  with  the  spirit  of  modern 
impiovement,  that  this  is  generally  conceded  to  be  totally  unnecessary. 
From  accurate  information,  we  are  able  to  state  that  fully  $1,500,000  are 
invested  in  the  business,  2,000  hands  are  employed,  and  the  annual  sales 
amount  m  the  aggregate  to  $3,000,000.  Besides  the  local  trade,  vast  quantities 
of  Furniture  are  shipped  from  this  city  to  the  South  and  West.  During  the 
year  1872,  shipments  were  made  to  the  West  Indies  and  South  America,  giving 
piomise  of  a  valuable  trade  to  that  direction. 


FURNITURE!  FURNITURE!  FURNITURE! 

THE^POPULAR  FURNITURE  HOUSE  OF 

WEBSTER  «£  GO. 

7  SOUTH  CALVERT  STREET,  BALTIMORE. 

rarlor  and  Cabinet  Furniture  of  Every  Description, 

„  ,  FOR,  TREE  PARLOR.  J  * 

r  FOR  TRIE  CHAMBER. 

SiUtPQ1  wi«fti?UlteS  Piece,s  each)  of  plain,  massive  and  elaborately  carved  Chamber 
biutes,  beautifully  veneered  and  polished  in  French  wood.  ^uamuer 

.  COTTAGE  SUITES, 

In  great  variety ,  Substantially  Finished,  and  at  Lowest  Manufacturers’  Prices 
T  -it  ,  .  ,  ,  other  furniture, 

Including  plain,  handsome  and  magnificently  finished  Dressing  Cases  in  Sienna  Ten- 
and  marble;  also,  a  complete  line  of  Sideboards,  Buffets  and  Etagerfs 

Pl  WalTuteandbFreS  a*d  finished  with  Imported  and  Domestic  Marbles. 

and  Poplar  BeD8Tea^h^  and 

.  ,  CHAIRS, 

hmished  m  Hair,  Cane  and  Wood,  including  Easy-Chairs  of  modern  stvles  and 
Arm-Chairs  of  every  description,  Rockers,  and  Wood  of  Forty  Different  Stvles 

ta.  o.  hand  a.d 

nrge  and  complete  stock,  and  guarantee  to  purchasers  satisfaction  in  every  respect.  ^ 


Catalogue  and  complete  Price  List  of  Goods  sent  on  application  by  mail. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


s  Charles  P.  Stevens,  Manufacturer  of  Cabinet  Furniture, 

SCHOOL  DESKS,  SETTEES,  MATTRESSES,  SEWING  MACHINE  CASES,  Ac. 


196 


The  Monumental  City, 

WILLIAM  J.  HISS, 


Upholstering  and  Decorations, 

128  W.  Fayette  Street, 

BALTIMORE. 


Pianos. 

1HL  wonderful  advances  made  during  the  present  century  in  all  depart¬ 
ments  ol  industry  have  been  no-where  more  marked  than  in  the  develop¬ 
ment  and  improvement  of  Pianos — and  it  is  a  matter  of  just  pride  to 
Americans,  that  the  world  is  indebted  to  this  country,  for  many  of  the 
advantages  which  modern  instruments  possess.  The  largest  Piano  factories 
on  the  globe  are  located  in  the  United  States,  and  owing  to  the  thrift  and 
independence  of  the  laboring  classes,  and  the  facilities  for  advancement  offered 
them  through  our  institutions,  and  mode  of  government,  and  the  elevation  of 
taste  thus  acquired,  the  number  of  these  instruments  sold  annually  is  immense, 
mring  the  year  1865,  one  hundred  and  eighteen  thousand,  two  hundred  and 
eighty  Pianos  were  made  in  this  country,  and  the  trade  in  these  instruments 
amounted  to  $59,284,673.  What  the  increase  has  been  since  that  date  is  a 
matter  of.  conjecture,  but  the  fact  that  the  Piano  has  become  almost  as 
necessary  in  the  humblest  households,  as  the  most  useful  article  of  furniture, 
forbids  the  idea  that  there  has  been  any  diminution  in  the  statistics  of  the  trade. 
Baltimore  has  obtained  her  full  share  of  this  gieat  and  increasing  business, 
lere  are  a  number  of  factories  in  this  city,  among  which  is  the  establish¬ 
ment  ot  Wm.  Knabe  &  Co.,  one  of  the  largest  in  the  United  States.  William 
vnabe,  the  founder  of  the  firm,  (since  deceased),  came  to  this  country  and 
commenced  the  manufacture  of  Pianos  on  Liberty  street,  in  1837.  Their 
begmings  were  humble— large  investments  in  an  untried  branch  of  trade 
were  then  unheard  of,  and  a  wide-spread  and  deeply  rooted  prejudice  existed 
m  favor  of  articles  from  abroad.  The  superior  delicacy  of  tone,  which  still 
*o  c  is  inguishes  the  instruments  of  the  Firm,  gradually  attracted  the  attention 
of  competent  judges  and  the  germ  of  a  factory  rapidly  developed  into  mam¬ 
moth  proportions.  The  great  increase  in  the  business  of  the  Firm,  necessitated 
the  abandonment  of  their  original  location,  and  the  selection  of  another  site: 
ant  since  18o5,  their  factory  has  been  in  operation  on  Eu taw  street.  Wm. 
Knabe  &  Co.  manufacture  annually  from  1,500  to  2,000  Grand  and  Square 
1  ianos  which  are  shipped  to  all  portions  of  the  United  States,  but  principally 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


197 


to  the  South  and  W  est,  with  which  sections  their  business  relations  are  of  an 
extensive  character. 

The  prices  of  these  instruments  vary  from  $500  to  $1,500.  The  difference 
in  price,  is  occasioned  chiefly  by  the  outside  ornamentation,  carving,  tracing 
&c.;  the  cheaper  instruments  being  as  melodious  and  powerful  as  the  most 
costly.  The  advantages  claimed  for  them  by  Knabe  &  Co.,  are  that  their 
method  of  constructing  the  “action”  is  peculiar,  which  imparts  to  the  instru¬ 
ment  an  unsurpassed  delicacy  and  fullness  of  tone;  that  the  woods  used  in 
their  construction  are  selected  with  the  utmost  care,  and  with  all  the  known 
tests,  and  are  thoroughly  seasoned  before  being  worked  up  ;  and  that  before  a 
1  iano  is  taken  from  the  factory,  the  proprietors  always  assure  themselves 
of  its  excellence  and  durability.  That  this  is  no  idle  boast  is  attested  by  the 
reception  of  more  than  eighty  medals  and  premiums  at  various  exhibitions  and 
by  the  approval  of  such  artists  as  Thalberg,  Gottschalk,  Heller,  Strakosch, 
IMarmontel,  Vieuxtemps  and  others,  and  also,  by  the  reception  of  a  number 
of  orders  for  work  from  distinguished  artists  in  Europe.  The  firm  has  a 
branch  establishment  in  Hew  York,  and  an  agency  in  Boston. 


JjM,OST  of  the  different  varieties  of  Musical  Instruments  are  manufactured 
||l  in  Baltimore,  and  in  many  instances  rare  skill  is  displayed  in  their 
production.  For  twenty  years  the  manufacture  of  Organs  has  formed 
an  important  feature  among  the  industries  of  the  city  and  of  late  the  orders 
from  neighboring  states  have  attested  the  estimation  in  which  they  are  held 
for  finish  and  excellence  of  tone.  Church  Organs,  ranging  in  price  from 
$L,000  to  $50,000  are  constructed  here  and  large  numbers  of  them  are  shipped 
to  the  South  and  W  est,  and  some  because  of  their  tone  and  compass  are  sent 
to  Eastern  markets,  in  a  number  of  our  finest  churches  are  to  be  seen 
specimens  of  the  Organs  manufactured  in  this  city. 


H.  SANDERS  &  CO. 

General  A  gents  and  Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers  in  the 


79  W.  FAYETTE  ST.,  BALTIMORE. 


The  “ESTEY”  is  the  acknowledged  LEAD¬ 
ING  ORGAN  everywhere.  Call  and  examine 
our  splendid  stock.  Special  terms  to  Churches, 
Sunday  Schools  and  Clergymen. 


SHEET  MUSIC  AND  MUSIC  BOOKS. 


198 


The  Monumental  City, 


Jewelry. 

Jkf 

®MONG  the  many  branches  of  industry  which  minister  to  the  importance 
OT  and  add  to  the  wealth  of  our  city  may  be  mentioned  the  manufacture 
*  and  sale  of  Jewelry.  A  number  of  large  houses  are  established  in  Balti¬ 
more,  with  extensive  capital,  and  employing  many  hands.  All  the  different 
styles  of  Jewelry  known  to  the  trade  are  manufactured  with  skill  and  neatness, 
and  our  Jewelers  have  always  endeavored  successfully  to  meet  the  popular 
taste  so  excessively  variable  in  this  regard.  The  various  precious  stones  of 
which  large  and  costly  stocks  are  always  on  hand,  are  set  in  Baltimore  with 
an  elegance  and  finish  that  cannot  be  surpassed.  Silver  ware  is  manufactured 
here  to  a  very  considerable  extent,  and  as  every  place  has  its  peculiar  styles, 
supplies  of  Baltimore-made  Ware  are  eagerly  sought  by  Jewelers  from  the 
neighboring  cities.  Watches  of  all  kinds,  both  of  American  and  foreign 
manufacture,  from  the  most  expensive  to  the  least  costly,  are  sold  by  the  trade 
as  low  as  can  be  obtained  from  the  manufacturer.  In  addition,  the  rarest  of 
foreign  Bijoutry  is  imported  direct  to  this  city,  and  the  shelves  of  our  best 
Jewelers  are  beautifully  adorned  with  these  articles.  A  prominent  character¬ 
istic  of  this  branch  of  industry  in  Baltimore  is  the  thorough  reliability  of  the 
gentlemen  engaged  in  it.  They  are  among  our  most  highly  esteemed  citizens 
and  purchasers  coming  to  this  city  can  be  assured  that  they  get  what  they  buy. 


ESTABLISHED  1834. 

CANFIELD,  BRO.  &  CO. 

Corner  Baltimore  and  Charles  Streets, 
BALTIMORE, 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Importers  and  Dealers  in 


Diamonds,  Pearls,  Rich  Jewelry 

vmmm  wa 


5 


f 

Triple  Silver  Plated  Ware:  Gilt,  Bronze  and  .Marble 
Clocks,  Gilt  and  Bronze  Figures,  and  Ornaments,  Bisque 
and  Farisan  Figures ,  Rich  Foreclaine  Vases,  Gilt  and 
Leather  Vienna  Goods,  Opera  Glasses,  Fans,  Music  Boxes 
and  Fancy  Goods. 

AMERICAN  WATCHES  A  SPECIALTY. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 

Established  1800. 


190 


G.  T.  SADTLER  &  SONS, 


No.  212  West  Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore, 


Importers,  Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in 


Special  attention  paid  to  adaptation  of  Glasses  to  the  Eye. 


Prompt  attention  given  to  repairing  Watches  and  Jewelry. 


GEO.  W.  WEBB, 


(Adjoining  the  Carrollton  Hotel,) 

DEALER  IN 


DIAMONDS,  RICH  JEWELRY,  FINE  WATCHES,  CLOCKS  &  BRONZES, 

STERLING  SILVER  AND  PLATED  WARE. 

Particular  attention  is  paid  to  neatness  and  durability  in  the  manufacture  and  repair  of 
Jewelry.  Watches  repaired  by  experienced  workmen. 


PRACTICAL. 


AND  DEALER  IS 


FINE  WATCHES,  JEWELRY,  SILVER  AND  PLATED  WARES, 

JSo.  3  North  Charles  Street, 

BALTIMORE. 


Hoiks.  Watches  and  Jewelry  Carefully  Repaired. 


200 


The  Monumental  City, 


Plated  Ware. 


SHE  manufacture  of  Plated  Ware  was  begun  in  this  City  about  twenty 
years  ago  on  a  small  scale.  The  care  and  skill  displayed  in  its  production 
r  led  to  a  gradual  expansion  of  the  business,  and  at  present  Baltimore  can 
boast  of  an  extensive  establishment  fitted  with  all  the  modern  improvements 
in  machinery,  and  with  a  capacity  for  all  classes  of  work.  Gold  and  Silver 
Plated  Work  and  Britannia  Wares  are  produced,  which  for  excellence  of 
workmanship  and  beauty  of  design  will  compare  favorably  with  similar 
articles  in  any  portion  of  the  country. 

The  fact  that  the  styles  of  the  various  factories  in  America  are  very  different, 
and  that  dealers  are  compelled  to  have  samples  of  each,  has  led  to  the  intro¬ 
duction  of  Baltimore  Plated  Ware  in  all  sections  of  the  country,  and  it  has 
been  received  with  favor  wherever  sent.  The  business  is  largely  on  the 
increase  and  dealers  can  supxdy  themselves  in  this  market  upon  terms  quite 
as  reasonable  as  are  offered  elsewhere. 


Maryland  Britannia  and  Gold  and  Silver  Plate  Works 

ESTABLISHED  1850. 

WM.  HOLMES, 

SALES  ROOM,  TSTo.  3  1ST.  CHARLES  ST. 

Office  and  Factory ,  Nos.  50  and  52  Holliday  St. 

BALTIMORE. 


T  i  n . 

f  HE  Tin  Trade  of  Baltimore,  allusion  to  which  has  already  been  made  in 
a  previous  article,  has  wonderfully  developed  in  the  last  few  years.  The 
r  demand  for  Tin  is  always  large  in  a  great  city,  where  it  is  so  lavishly 
used  for  household  purposes, and  of  late  for  coverings  for  the  roofs  of  buildings; 
but  this  demand  has  been  measurably  increased  of  late  by  the  rapid  multipli¬ 
cation  of  oyster  and  fruit  packing  houses,  and  their  immense  consumption  of 
the  article  in  the  course  of  their  business.  As  no  Tin  mines  exist  in  this 
country,  the  raw  material  is  of  course  imported  from  abroad;  but  the  favorable 
terms  under  which  it  can  be  brought  to  this  market  has  led  to  its  importation 


Its  Past  PIistory  and  Present  Resources.  201 


in  large  quantities.  We  give  the  statistics  of  importation  from  the  books  of 
the  Custom  House  tor  the  year  1871,  and  the  first  ten  months  of  1872 : 


For  1871. 

For  the  first  ten  months  of  1872. 

Boxes. 

Value. 

Boxes. 

Value. 

January .... 

150 

$820.00 

January . 

...  16,261 

$98,052.00 

.February ... 

...  16,785 

93,189.00 

February. . . . 

..  14,723 

98,508.00 

March . 

...  29,900 

170,648.00 

March . 

..  18,242 

132,112.00 

April . 

...  13,817 

79,635.00 

April . 

..  15,898 

119,933.00 

May . 

...  14,387 

83,042.00 

May . 

..  25,452 

205,489.00 

June . 

....  8,550 

48,058.00 

J  une . 

..  8,186 

73,860.00 

July . 

...  9,928 

55,160.00 

July . 

..  11,095 

101,880.00 

August . 

...  13,825 

81,116.00 

August  . 

..  20,668 

188,246.00 

September... 

....  18,197 

104,122.00 

September.... 

...  29,562 

272,921.00 

October. . 

...  11,582 

66,742.00 

October....... 

..  18,569 

164,518.00 

November... 

...  10,289 

58,224.00 

December . . . 

...  18,186 

106,194.00 

Total . 

..  178,656  $1,455,519.00 

Total . 

...  165,596 

$946,950.00 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  above  that  the  importation  of  this  article  has 
increased  in  value  in  the  first  ten  months  of  the  year  1872,  $508,569  over  the 
entire  importation  of  1871.  The  demand  for  the  raw  material  is  increasing 
with  each  successive  year.  Oyster  and  fruit  packing  houses  are  springing  up 
in  the  city,  while  the  large  wholesale  houses  which  deal  in  the  article  are 
multiplying  in  number  and  extending  their  business.  All  materials  requiring 
Tin  for  their  manufacture  are  made  in  Baltimore  in  a  style  of  finish  and 
excellence  comparable  with  any  other  sections  of  the  country,  and  at  rates 
which  offer  inducements  to  purchasers.  Besides  supplying  the  demand  for 
the  article  in  this  city  the  wholesale  trade  is  constantly  in  receipt  of  orders 
from  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  West  Pennsylvania  and  all  the  Southern 
States. 


GALVANIZED  IRON  CORNICES. 


JAMES  W.  GEDDES, 

Tin,  Galvanised  Iron,  Copper,  Lead,  Zinc  &  Iron  Roofing, 

Spouts,  Gutters,  &e. 

67  &  69  North  St.,  Baltimore. 

aaBwwnm  ■ — —  1  r  l 

AGENT  FOR  E.  G.  SMYSER’S  VARIETY  IRON  WORKS,  YORK,  PA. 

13 


202 


The  Monumental  City, 


J.  HENRY  RE  IP. 


ALFRED  H.  RE1P. 

3E1EII3P  SOW, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

PLAIN  &  JAPANNED 


WARE 


AND  DEALERS  IN 

Wooden  Ware  and  Housekeeping  Articles, 

335  W.  Baltimore  Street,  BALTIMORE. 


Type  Foundries. 

(|MONG  the  other  industries  in  which  Baltimore  has  made  some  progress, 
R  is  Type  manufacture.  Two  factories  are  in  operation,  employing  a 
number  of  hands,  and  absorbing  considerable  capital.  All  the  various 
styles  of  type  are  manufactured  with  skill  and  elegance,  that  rival  the  Avork- 
manship  of  any  similar  factories  in  the  larger  cities  of  this  country,  and 
orders  are  filled  as  cheaply  here  as  elsewhere. 

RYAN  &  RICKETTS, 

Type,  Stereotype  and  Electrotype  Founders. 


Brass  and  Bell  Founding. 

jHE  Brass  and  Bell  Founding  interest  has  been  largely  developed  in 
Baltimore.  The  introduction  of  gas  in  our  cities  and  towns,  the 
extension  of  water  facilities,  and  the  almost  universal  application  of 
gas  and  water  to  public  and  private  buildings  have  created  an  enormous 
demand  for  the  necessary  fixtures,  and  have  led  to  such  expansion  of  the 
resources  and  capacity  of  the  establishments  in  this  city  as  enables  them  to 
compare  very  favorably  with  those  in  any  other  section  of  the  country.  All 
articles  pertaining  to  this  branch  of  industry,  viz:  Plumbers’  Brass  Work, 
M  ater,  Gas  and  Steam  Fixtures,  and  Apparatus  and  Bells  of  all  descriptions, 
are  manufactured  by  them  in  quantities  to  suit  the  increasing  trade,  and 
with  a  perfection  and  finish  which  are  unsurpassed. 

#  metals  of  which  the  articles  in  this  department  are  composed,  such  as 
tin,  zinc,  copper,  &c.,  are  usually  obtained  direct,  and  plumbers’  earthen* 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


203 


ware  is  imported  from  Europe.  So  that  Baltimore  possesses  every  facility 
for  supplying  the  trade  at  the  lowest  prices,  and  it  gives  us  pleasure  to 
state  that  the  trade  is  rapidly  increasing,  especially  with  the  South  and 
West. 

Henry  McShane  &  Co.’s  Brass  Works  were  established  in  1856.  The  firm 
has  rapidly  enlarged  its  sphere  of  operations,  and  is  to-day  one  of  the  largest 
establishments  of  that  character  in  the  United  States.  The  Works  are 
located  on  North  street,  the  building  occupying  a  front  two  hundred  and  fifteen 
feet  with  a  depth  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet.  Two  hundred  and  sixty 
hands  are  employed  by  the  firm,  of  whom  sixty  are  engaged  in  their 
Phoenix  Iron  Works,  Plolliday  street,  where  six  tons  of  iron  are  run  down 
daily  into  light  castings  for  plumbers’  and  machinists’  use.  Electro¬ 
plating  in  silver  and  gold  forms  a  very  important  feature  of  the  work  of 
this  firm. 

The  establishment  of  Regester  &  Sons,  on  Holliday  street,  is  very  exten¬ 
sive,  and  employs  a  large  number  of  operatives,  many  of  them  skilled  workmen. 
A  special  feature  of  this  Foundry  is  its  manufacture  of  Bells,  the  excellence 
of  workmanship  displayed  therein  recommending  the  firm  throughout  the 
country. 


Henry  McShane.  John  McShane. 

Henry  McShane  &  Co. 

GENERAL 

BRASS  FOUNDERS  and  FINISHERS 

Nos.  147  to  161  North  Street,  Baltimore, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  ALL  KINDS  OF 

BRASS  COCKS,  Globe,  Check  and  Safety  Valves ;  Water  Gauges  and  Gauge  Cocks. 
BRASS  CASTINGS,  for  STEAM  ENGINE  and  RAIL  ROAD  purposes. 

BRASS  PUMPS  of  all  kinds. 

WROUGHT  IRON  PIPES,  Malleable  Fittings,  Bartholomew  Patent  Water  Closets. 

IMPORTERS  INGOT  COPPER  &  PLUMBERS’  WEDGEWOOD  WARE. 

Dealers  in  Banca  Tin,  Pipe  and  Sheet  Lead,  Solder  and  Babbitt’s  Metal. 

FROPR1ETORS  OF 

PHtENIX  IRON  WORKS, 

85,  87  A  89  HOLLIDAY  STREET, 

CAST  IRON  FIFE, 

For  Sewer,  Drain,  Steam  and  Water,  BENDS,  BRANCHES,  TRAPS,  BATH 

TUBS,  Hoppers,  etc.,  etc. 

ALL  KINDS  MACHINE  CASTINGS. 


BRANCH  HO  USE ,  1312  Broadway,  Neiv  York. 


204 


The  Monumental  City, 


Baltimore  Bell  and  Brass  Works, 

JOSHUA  REGESTER  &  SONS, 

Nos.  53  and  55  N.  HOLLIDAY  STREET,  BALTIMORE. 


E.  F.  BROOKS, 

SPECIALTIES 

IN 

CRYSTAL,  BRONZE  A  SILT 

CHANDELIERS. 


Staple  Goods  at  Factory  Prices. 


PLUMBING  IN  ALL  ITS  BRANCHES. 


None  but  First-Class  Workmen  Employed. 


17  Iff.  EUTAW  STREET, 


BALTIMORE. 


S  MANUFACTURER’S  ARTICLES,  » 
BELT  &  HOSE  MAKER, 

33  SO. EUTAW  ST.  BALTIMORE. 


John  H.  Haskell’s 

Old  Established 

CAED,  LEATHEE  BELTING 

And  Hose  Manufactory, 

ALSO  A  L,\RGE  STOCK  OF 

COTTON 

AND 

Woolen  Manufacturers’ 

AND 

Railroad  Supplies 

On  hand,  or  furnished  to  order. 


Square  bounded  by  Henrietta,  Claret,  Fremont  and  Warner  Streets 


ESTABLISHED  1857 


206 


The  Monumental  City, 


Iron. 


«HE  Iron  Trade  of  Baltimore  is  one  of  her  most  prominent  interests.  The 
very  ground  upon  which  the  city  is  built  is  an  ore-bank,  and  the  neigh¬ 
boring  hills  teem  with  this  valuable  metal  in  the  crude  state,  ready  to  be 
manipulated  at  the  least  possible  expense,  for  the  purposes  of  trade.  The 
Iron  made  from  this  ore  has  the  highest  reputation  for  car-wheels  and 
malleable  purposes.  It  is  known  all  over  this  country  and  is  in  great  demand 
from  the  extreme  East  to  the  West,  being  considered  by  the  trade  superior  to 
all  other  Iron  for  such  uses.  The  numerous  water  courses  in  the  vicinity  of 
Baltimore  immediately  adjacent  to  the  main  lines  of  communication,  offer 
admirable  facilities  for  smelting  ore,  while  the  railroads  running  directly  to 
the  coal  mines,  or  the  localities  where  charcoal  is  prepared,  reduce  the  cost 
and  transportation  of  fuel  to  a  minimum  figure,  which  enables  manufacturers 
to  produce  the  metal  with  profit  to  themselves,  and  at  reasonable  rates  to 
consumers.  The  furnaces  which  supply  the  trade  of  Baltimore  are  twenty- 
six  in  number,  of  which  twenty- three  are  at  present  in  blast,  and  doing  a  very 
active  and  increasing  business.  Of  the  above,  fifteen  are  charcoal  furnaces, 
four  anthracite,  and  three  are  coke.  The  production  of  Iron  in  the  aggregate, 
amounted  in  1872,  to  54,000  tons.  In  connection  with  these  furnaces  are  a 
number  of  Bar  and  Plate  Iron  Works,  which  do  a  heavy  business — one  com¬ 
pany  alone  running  four  Plate  Mills,  which  yield  an  annual  product  of 
$1,000,000  in  value.  Aside  from  the  Rolling  Mills  of  the  great  railroad 
corporations,  which  have  termini  in  this  city,  there  are  works  for  the  manu¬ 
facture  of  Railroad  and  Plated  Iron,  Oar-Wheels,  Rivets  and  Spikes,  Boilers, 
Steam  Engines,  &c.,  &c.,  which  in  magnitude  and  excellence  of  workmanship 
will  compare  favorably  with  similar  manufacturing  establishments  in  any 
portion  of  the  country. 


THE  ABBOTT  IRON  COMPANY, 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


RAILS,  BOILER  AND  PLATE  IRON, 

BALTIMORE. 

CONTRACTS  MADE  FOR  RE-ROLLING  RAILS. 


C.  H.  ASHEURNER,  J.  S.  GILMAN,  J.  A.  L.  MORRELL, 

President.  Vice-President.  Treasurer  and  Secretary. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


207 


ROBERT  POOEE. 


ESTABLISHED  1871. 

GERMAN  H.  HUNT. 


POOLE  &  HUNT, 


POUNDERS  &  MACHINISTS, 


WORKS 

AT 


Baltimore  Co. 


Northern 

Central 

Railway, 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


PORTABLE  &,  STATIONARY  STEAM  ENGINES, 

STEAM  BOILERS, 

Babcock  &  Wilcox’s  Patent  Tub ulous  Steam  Boiler, 

THE  CELEBRATED 

Leflei  Patent  American  DOUBLE  TURBINE  WATER  WHEEL, 

THE  REST  WATER  WHEEL  IX  EXISTENCE. 

CIRCULAR  SAW  MILLS,  GANG  SAW  MILLS, 

EBAUGH’S  PATENT  CRUSHER  FOR  MINERALS,  &, c. 

MINING  MACHINERY,  GRIST  MILLS, 

FLOURING  MILL  MACHINERY,  HYDROSTATIC  PRESSES, 
SHAFTING,  PULLEYS  AND  HANGERS. 

Machinery  for  White  Lead  Works,  Cotton  Seed  and  other  Oil  Mills. 


The  Proprietors  possess  in  their  extensive  and  well  appointed  Workshops,  (between 
which  and  the  Office  there  is  instantaneous  communication  by  means  of  Magnetic  Tele¬ 
graph  Wires,)  unsurpassed  facilities  for  the  Manufacture  of  MACHINERY  and  CAST¬ 
INGS  of  the  largest  and  heaviest  character,  and  of  the  best  quality,  both  as  regards 
materials  and  workmanship.  They  will  be  pleased  to  have  a  call  from  any  who  are  in 
want  of  good  Machinery  in  their  line  of  manufacture,  or  to  reply  to  inquiries  by  mail; 
and  promise  their  best  effort  to  please  purchasers,  both  as  to  quality  and  pi  ice. 

ADDRESS,  POOLE  &L  HUNT, 

BALTIMORE. 


Established  1851,  not  “ 1871 ”  as  printed  above. 


208 


The  Monumental  City, 


STICKNEY  IRON  COMPANY, 

CLINTON  STREET,  CANTON. 

CHARCOAL  PIG  IRON. 

J.  H.  STICKNEY,  President.  WILLIAM  OLIVER,  Jr.,  Manager. 

WILLIAM  HARVEY,  Secretary.  REED,  STICKNEY  &  CO.,  Selling  Agents. 

OFFICE,— No.  42  SECOND  STREET, 
BALTIMOEE, 


TROXELL,  HANDY  «£  GREER, 

-A.G3-EJSTTS  FOR 

ANTHRACITE,  CHARCOAL  AND  COKE  PIG  IRON, 

AND 

CHARCOAL  HAMMERED  BLOOMS. 

Dealers  in  Bar,  Bundle  and  Sheet  Iron;  Cut  Nails  and  Spikes; 

Horse  and  Mule  Shoes,  &c. 

Corner  Charles  and  German  Sts.  BALTIMORE. 


209 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


WJI.  KEYSER 


II.  IRVINE  KEYSER 


-A.  <3- IE  UNITS  FOR 


<D 


ANTHRACITE,  CHARCOAL  &  COKE  PIG  IRON, 

SCOTCH  TMGr  IRON, 

DEALERS  IN  ALL  DESCRIPTIONS  OF 

Ear,  Sheet  and  Boiler  Plate  Iron,  Cast  and  Spring  Steel,  Nails  and  Horse  Shoes. 
CORNER  CALVERT  AND  GERMAN  STREETS, 

B  ALTIMORE. 


MONUMENT  IRON  WORKS. 


DENMEAD  &  SON, 

Corner  North  and  Monument  Streets,  Baltimore, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  STATIONARY  AND  PORTABLE 

STEAM  ENGINES  AMD  BOILERS 

OF  ALL  SIZES. 

DAA/ID  S  PATENT  PULVERIZING  MILLS,  for  Guanos,  Bones  and  other  hard 
substances. 

GRIFFITH  &  WUNDRAM’S  PATENT  SAFETY-TUBE  BOILERS. 

THE  BALTIMORE  STEAM  BOILER  WORKS, 

ISTo.  25  SOUTH  FRONT  ST., 

BALTIMORE, 


Manufacture  STEAM  BOILERS  of  every  description, 

TANKS,  STILLS, 

AND  ALL  KINDS  OF  ELATE  IRON  WORK. 

C.  W.  BENTLEY,  President.  JNO.  E.  BENTLEY,  Secretary. 

JOHN  T.  COLEMAN.  SAMUEL,  ii.  TAYEOK. 

COLEMAN  &  TAYLOR, 


CORNER  HOLLIDAY  AND  HILLEN  STREETS, 
Near  Hillen  Street  Bridge,  BALTIMORE. 


Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of  BATH  and  STEAM  BOILERS,  WATER  TANKS,  OIL 

STILLS,  SMOKE  STACKS,  &c.,  Ac. 

PARTICULAR  ATTENTION  GIVEN  TO  REPAIRS. 


210 


The  Monumental  City, 


THOMAS  C.  BASSHOR  &  CO. 

28  Light  Street ,  Baltimore , 


Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in 

BOILERS,  ENGINES,  PUMPS, 

Plain  and  Galvanized  Iron  Pipe, 

Fittings,  Brass  Work,  Heaters,  &c. 

Steam  Heating  in  all  its  branches. 

SOLE  AGENTS  FOR 

Bacon’s  Hoisting  Engines,  Earle’s  Patent  Steam 
Pump,  Piokering’s  Governor  and  Valve,  Cham¬ 
pion’s  Patent  Boiler  Feeder,  American  Steam 
Guage  Co.’s  Steam  Guages,  Brown’s  Low 
Water  Reporter,  &c  &c. 

SEND  FOR  CATALOGUE. 


Wo. 


C.  REEDER  &  CO. 

51  Hughes  Street,  Baltimore, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

MARINE 

AND 


TATIONARV  STEAM  EN6IN 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  all  kinds. 


FLYNN  &  EMRICH, 

50 ,  52  and  54  North  Holliday  Street,  Baltimore, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Steam  Engines  &  Boilers,  Iron  &  Wood  Working  Machinery,  Presses,  Punches, 
Dies  and  Tinners'  Tools  of  every  description,  and  all  kinds  of  Machinery. 

SOEE  AGENTS  FOR 

Knowles’  Patent  Steam  Pump,  New  York.  Safety  Steam  Power  Company’s 
Engines  and  Boilers,  and  Clogston’s  Patent  Steam  Heating  Apparatus. 

STEAM  HEATING,  WITH  CLOGSTON’S  HIGH  OR  LOW  PRESSURE  STEAM 
HEATING  APPARATUS,  for  Warming  and  Ventilating  Public  and  Private  Buildings, 
Mills,  Factories,  Green  Houses,  Graperies,  &c.  The  above  apparatus  may  be  seen  in 
operation  at  our  own  establishment. 


CUMBERLAND  DUGAN  &  CO. 

No.  26  SOUTH  CHARLES  ST.,  BALTIMORE, 

KEEPS  ALWAYS  ON  HAND  A  LARGE  ASSORTMENT  OF 

ENGINES  and  BOILERS, 

BOTH  STATIONARY  AND  PORTABLE. 

Lathes,  Planers  and  Drills  for  working  in  Iron;  Lathes,  Planers 
and  Moulding  Machines  ;  Morticing  Machines  and  Saw  Tables  for 
working  in  Wood;  Anvils,  Vises,  Bellows,  Nuts  and  Washers;  Wrought 
Iron  and  Oast  Iron  Pipe,  for  Gas  and  Water;  Portable  Forges  and  Drill 
Presses  for  Blacksmiths;  Steam  Pumps,  all  sizes,  &c.  &c. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


211 


IFOIR, 


Hotels,  Stores,  Warehouses,  &c.,  &c. 

ALSO, 

HOISTING  ENGINES 

For  Shipping, Wharves,  Coal  Yards,  Mines,  Tunnels,  &c. 

MANUFACTURED  BY 


SNOWDEN  &  COWMAN, 

8©  W.  Fayette  Street, 

BALTIMORE. 


JAMBS  BATBS, 

IRON  FOUNDER 

AND  MANUFACTURER  OF 


For  Warehouses,  Hotels,  Dwellings,  &c. 
CORNER  PRATT  AND  PRESIDENT  STREETS , 

BALTIMORE. 


ANDREW  MERKER.  GUSTAV  KRUG. 

A.  MERKER  &  KRUG, 

Manufacturers  of  every  Description  of 


S.  W.  Cor.  Saratoga  and  Jasper  Streets, 

BETWEEN  EUTAW  AND  PACA, 


BALTIMORE, 


Rich  as  Wrought  and  Cast  Iron  RAILINGS,  DOORS,  SHUTTERS  and  SAFES,  and  are- 
>repared  to  put  up  work  in  the  city  and  country  at  the  shortest  notice,  and  on  reasonable- 
erms.  All  Orders  promptly  attended  to. 


212 


The  Monumental  City, 


HUTCHINSON  BROS. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF  THE 

NEW  “FLAT  TOP” 


AGENTS  FOR  THE 


Golden  Eagle  Furnace, 

To.  14  LIGHT  STREET, 

_ BALTIMORE. 

WM.  E.  WOOD  &  CO. 

Inventors  and  Manufacturers  of  the 

PARIS  3R  A3VGEI, 

SIX  SIZES,  FOR  FAMILIES  AND  HOTELS. 

Also  of  the  Lightning  and  Parlor  Sun  Fire  Place  Heaters. 

Agents  for  the  Laivson  Hot-Air  Furnaces ,  Warren  Upper  Oven  Ranges ,  and 
the  most  approved  Cook  and  Heat  Stoves ,  Grates ,  Registers ,  &c. 

Special  attention  paid  to  tlie  manufacture  and  erection  of  GOLD’S  STEAM  HEATING 
and  VENTILATING  APPARATUS;  New  Forms  of  Cast  Iron  Direct  and  Indirect 
RADIATORS,  for  Steam  or  Hot  Water;  Agents  for  CONDE’S  CHALLENGE  STEAM 
PUMP  and  AMERICAN  GOVERNOR;  Dealers  in  Wrought  Iron  PIPE,  FITTINGS, 
VALVES,  COCKS,  and  MACHINISTS’  SUPPLIES  GENERALLY. 

WM.  JE.  WOOD  &  CO.,  cor .  Baltimore  &  Eutaw  Sts.,  Baltimore . 


BUF'U R  &  CO. 

jSTo.  36 

N.  HOWARD  ST. 

BALTIMORE, 

Manufacturers  of 

RAXL.maf 

Wire  Grating,  Sieves ,  Fenders,  Cages,  Wire  Cloth,  Coal 
and  Sand  Screens,  also  Iron  Bedsteads,  Chairs,  Spc. 

SAML.  R.  WAITE, 

MANUFACTURER  OF 


Ship,  Steamboat  and  Yacht  Fixtures, 

SHIP  CHANDLERY,  HARDWARE 

Anchors  and  Chains, 

HUGHES  AND  COVINGTON  STS.,  SOUTH  BALTIMORE. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


213 


Rivets  and  Spikes. 


|j>]Nr  1865,  a  Factory  was  established  in  this  city,  under  very  modest  auspices, 
for  the  manufacture  of  Rivets  and  Spikes.  The  concern  prospered,  and 
from  time  to  time  was  enlarged.  It  passed  subsequently  into  the  hands  of 
one  of  our  most  energetic  citizens,  and  has  become  one  of  the  largest  establish¬ 
ments  in  America.  That  which  was  originally  a  mere  machine  shop  possesses 
to-day  a  capacity  almost  unlimited  for  the  manufacture  of  all  the  smaller 
irticles  known  to  the  trade  in  connection  with  Railroads,  Boilers,  &c.,  such 
as  Rivets  and  Spikes,  Bolts  of  all  kinds,  Huts,  Washers,  Wood  Screws,  &c. 
Already  the  trade  in  these  articles  from  this  Factory  has  assumed  large 
proportions  in  our  city  and  elsewhere.  Large  quantities  of  them  are  shipped 
through  the  country,  North,  South  and  West,  and  the  trade  is  on  the  increase. 
Purchasers  can  be  supplied  in  our  city  at  the  most  reasonable  rates,  and 
the  skill  displayed  in  their  production  is  a  guarantee  that  buyers  will  be 
satisfied. 

emoved  to  Corner  President  and  Fawn  Streets. 

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SNOCH  PRATT. 


HENRY  JANES. 


E.  PRATT  &  BROTHER, 

27  and  20  South  Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 


IROiST,  CTJT  NLAILS,  spikes, 

HORSE  AND  MULE  SHOES. 

Taunton  Yellow  Metal  and  Cumberland  Coal. 


Uni. 


Unabc 


o.,  |)iaiiO'|fnrtc  Manufacturers, 


Ware-Rooms,  No.  350  West  Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore. 
112  FIFTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


214 


The  Monumental  City, 


Nos.  6  and  S  N.  Charles  Street,  Baltimore.  W.  H.  SAPPER,  Pres't. 


Architectural  Iron  Works. 


8iF  the  many  uses  to  which  Iron  is  put,  none  are  more  comprehensive  than 
i  the  modern  application  of  it  in  the  erection  of  warehouses.  The  advan- 
r  tages  claimed  for  buildings  constructed  of  this  material  are  ease  in 
embodying  any  architectural  design,  economy  in  cost,  space,  moving  or 
rebuilding,  security  against  atmospheric  phenomena,  such  as  lightning, 
moisture,  &c.;  ease  of  ventilation,  durability  of  material  and  immunity  from 
fire.  We  have  in  Baltimore  one  of  the  largest  establishments  in  the  country 
for  the  manufacture  of  Architectural  Iron  Works.  Bartlett,  Robbins  &  Co. 
began  business  in  1844  as  stove  founders.  They  soon  added  the  manufac¬ 
ture  of  railing  and  ornamental  work  generally,  and  later  on  added  the 
business  of  Architectural  Iron  Work  proper.  A  large  number  of  first-class 
iron  buildings  have  been  erected  by  them  in  this  city;  among  which  may  be 
mentioned,  as  monuments  of  their  skill,  and  admirable  illustrations  of  the 
advantages  of  this  new  method  of  house-building,  the  following:  the  Tracy 
Building,  Baltimore  street;  Numsen  Building,  Light  street;  Consolidated 
Building,  corner  German  and  South  streets;  Office  Building  of  George  R. 
Vickers,  German  near  South  street;  McCreery  Building,  corner  German  and 
Sharp  streets;  Gary  Building,  on  Hanover  street;  Noah  Walker  Building, 
on  Baltimore  street  above  Howard;  and  J.  W.  Bond  &  Co.’s  Building,  Nos.  90 
and  92  West  Baltimore  Street,  opposite  Post  Office  Avenue. 

The  Works  of  this  firm  are  very  extensive,  embracing  every  facility  for 
the  manufacture  of  material  used  in  the  construction  or  enjoyment  of  an 
iron  building  to  the  minutest  detail;  walls,  floors,  doors,  windows,  roof,  por¬ 
ticoes,  balconies,  cornices,  vaults,  ventilators,  fences,  gates,  fountains,  vases, 
statuary,  chairs,  settees,  gas  and  water  fixtures,  a  heating  apparatus,  ranges 
or  cooking  stoves,  parlor  stoves,  grates,  brackets,  stable  fixtures,  iron  pave¬ 
ments,  pots  and  kettles,  culinary  implements,  bedsteads,  in  fact  everything 
except  beds  and  bedding,  and  science  will  doubtless  ere  long  find  some  means 
of  remedying  this  apparent  difficulty.  Independent  of  the  work  done  in 
Baltimore  by  Bartlett,  Robbins  &  Co.,  they  are  constantly  in  receipt  of  orders 
from  other  cities,  and  already  have  erected  many  iron  buildings  in  New 
Y  ork,  Richmond,  Raleigh,  New  Orleans,  Galveston,  as  far  as  Portland,  Oregon, 
where  they  erected  the  “Corbett  Hall,”  a  building  constructed  at  their  works 
in  Baltimore  and  carried  around  Cape  Horn  to  its  destination  on  the  Pacific. 


FOUNDRY,  COR.  SCOTT  AND  PRATT  STS.  OFFICE,  24  LIGHT  STREET. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources 


215 


216 


The  Monumental  City, 


Iron  Bridge  Building. 

^RON  Bridge  Building,  since  the  advent  of  Railroads  in  this  country  has 
dfi  assumed  mammoth  proportions.  The  multiform  character  of  the  work? 
W  the  exceeding  nicety  required  in  construction,  and  the  eminent  engineering 
skill  necessary,  have  made  it  a  very  important  branch  of  industry,  and  have 
led  to  the  employment  of  some  of  the  ablest  minds  in  America.  Baltimore 
in  this  regard  occupies  a  prominent  position,  in  fact  she  is  not  second  to  any 
of  our  large  cities.  Two  extensive  Firms,  the  Patapsco  Bridge  and  Iron  Works, 
and  the  Baltimore  Bridge  Company  have  been  established  in  this  city  with 
branches  in  other  places.  The  former  especially  has  erected  very  extensive 
works  in  our  midst  necessitating  a  large  outlay  of  capital  and  requiring  for 
their  operations  a  heavy  laboring  force.  Collectively  these  Firms  have  manu¬ 
factured  twelve  miles  of  Bridging  and  Trestle-work.  To  mention  in  this 
work  the  names  of  the  various  railroad  corporations  that  have  sought  their 
skill  would  exceed  the  limits  necessarily  allotted  to  this  department.  Suffice 
it  to  say,  their  industry  may  be  seen  on  nearly  every  railroad  in  this  country, 
and  on  a  number  of  railroads  in  South  America.  The  Patapsco  Bridge  and 
Iron  Company  have  built  two  and  a  half  miles  of  Bridging  and  Trestle-work 
in  North  Carolina,  crossing  and  connecting  both  branches  of  the  Cape  Fear 
River,  and  using  Pneumatic  Piles  instead  of  masonry,  and  passing  through 
three  separate  strata  of  rock  in  the  bed  of  the  river,  encountering  in  the  last 
two  strata  cypress  trees  from  ten  to  thirty  inches  in  diameter,  and  in  a  perfect 
state  of  preservation.  They  have  also  constructed  Bridges  in  Cuba  and  Mexico; 
and  the  numerous  Bridges  built  in  this  city  and  on  the  railroads  and  county 
roads  leading  out  of  it,  bear  ample  testimony  to  the  estimation  in  which  they 
are  held. 

The  Baltimore  Bridge  Company  constructed  the  St.  Charles  Bridge  across 
the  Missouri  River  6,675  feet  in  length  and  90  feet  above  low  water,  the  Rock 
Island  Bridge  across  the  Mississippi  1,840  feet  in  length,  the  great  Varrugas 
Viaduct  which  spans  one  of  the  deep  chasms  in  the  heart  of  the  Andes 
12,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  on  wrought  iron  pins  at  a  maximum 
elevation  of  252  feet,  and  a  number  of  other  works  which  attest  their  skill. 
The  science  of  pneumatics  has  been  specially  availed  of,  and  piles  of  the 
largest  dimensions  ever  yet  sunk  have  been  successfully  laid  in  the  swamps  of 
North  Carolina.  It  must  be  borne  in  mind,  in  order  to  appreciate  the  extent 
of  this  business  in  Baltimore,  that  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  builds 
its  own  Bridges.  A  better  market  than  our  city  for  those  in  need  of  this  kind 
ol  work  cannot  be  found  in  the  world.  There  are  very  extensive  iron  and 
machine  shops  in  Baltimore  comprehensive  in  their  scope,  where  every  class  of 
iron-work  is  done. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  21*} 

BALTIMORE  BRIDGE  CO. 

54  LEXINGTON  STREET, 

BALTIMORE. 

71  BROADWAY,  -  -  New  York. 


C.  SHALEE  SMITH, 

PRESIDENT  AND  CHIEF  ENG’R. 

C.  H.  LATEOBE, 

ASSOCIATE  ENG’R,  SECT’Y  AND  TREAS’R. 


T.  H.  SMITH, 

ASSOCIATE  ENG’R  AND  GEN’L  SUP’T. 

0.  C.  WEENSHALL, 

SDP’T  OF  ERECTION. 


BENJAMIN  H.  LATBOBE,  Consulting  Engineer. 


Iron,  Steel  and  Composite  Bridges  and  Roofs 

OF  ANY  FORM  AND  SPAN  DESIRED. 

Our  Patent  Wrought-Iron  Viaducts  and  Trestles  for 
crossing  deep  Ravines  and  ivide  Valleys 

are  a  specialty . 

We  refer  to  the  Rock  Island  Bridge  across  the  Mississippi,  built  for  the  United  States; 
to  the  St.  Charles  Bridge  across  the  Missouri,  on  the  North  Missouri  Railroad ;  to  the 
Yarrugas  Viaduct  for  the  Lima  and  Oroya  Railroad,  Peru,  252  feet  high.  These  with 
numerous  other  Railroad  and  Highway  Bridges,  &c.,  amount  to  an  aggregate  of  41,000 
lineal  feet  of  Bridging  and  Viaduct,  designed  and  constructed  by  us  during  the  past* six 
years.  We  are  prepared  to  furnish  first-class 

COUNTY  ROAD-BRIDGES, 

And  Commissioners  can  obtain  any  desired  information  from  us. 

^Lithographs  Sent  on  _A_pplication. 


220 


The  Monumental  City, 


GILM'OR  MEREDITH.  BENJAMIN'  C.  BARROLL,  Jr. 

GILMOR  MEREDITH  &  CO. 
SHIPPING  AND  COMMISSION  MERCHANTS, 

AGENTS 

PACIFIC  MAIL  STEAMSHIP  CO. 

To  negotiate  Coal  Charters  to  Aspinwall,  Panama,  Acapulco,  San  Francisco  and  Ports  in 

Japan  and  China, 

Consolidation  Coal  Company  of  Id. 

MINERS  AND  SHIPPERS  OF 

GEORGES  CREEK  CUMBERLAND  COAL, 

AND  OF  THE 

UNION  M  I  N1NG  GO. 

Manufacturers  of  the  Celebrated  “Mount  Savage”  FIRE  BRICK  and  CLAY, 

No.  25  SOUTH  GAY  STREET, 
p.  o.  Box  773.  BALTIMOEE. 

CHS.  F.  MAYER.  SAML.  S.  CARROLL. 

MAYER,  CARROLL  &  CO. 
Shipping  and  Commission  Merchants, 
Miners  and  Shippers 

OF 

Georges  Creek  Cumberland  Coal, 

AND 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GAS  AND  CANNED 


Receive  Coal  on  consignment  for  Shipping  and  negotiate  Coal  Charters  to  all  Domestic 

and  Foreign  Ports. 

No.  13  GTERMAJNr  STREET, 

(Near  South  Street,) 

Shipping  Wharf,  Locust  Point.  (P.  0.  Box  257.)  BALTIMORE. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  217 

BALTIMORE  BRIDGE  CO. 

54  LEXINGTON  STREET, 

BALTIMORE. 

1 1  BROADWAY,  -  -  New  York. 


.  C.  SHALEE  SMITH, 

PRESIDENT  AND  CHIEF  ENG’R. 

C.  H.  LATE02E, 

ASSOCIATE  ENG’R,  SECT’Y  AND  TREAS’R. 


T.  H.  SMITH, 

ASSOCIATE  ENG’R  AND  GEN’L  SUP’T. 

C.  C.  WEENSHALL, 

SUP’T  OF  ERECTION. 


BENJAMIN  H.  LATBOBE,  Consulting  Engineer. 


OF  ANY  FORM  AND  SPAN  DESIRED. 


Our  Patent  TV r ought- Iron  Viaducts  and  Trestles  for 
crossing  deep  Ravines  and  wide  Valleys 

are  a  specialty. 


We  refer  to  the  Rock  Island  Bridge  across  the  Mississippi,  built  for  the  United  States* 
to  the  bt  Charles  Bridge  across  the  Missouri,  on  the  North  Missouri  Railroad:  to  the 
Varrugas  Viaduct  for  the  Lima  and  Oroya  Railroad,  Peru,  252  feet  high.  These  with 
numerous  other  Railroad  and  Highway  Bridges,  &c.,  amount  to  an  aggregate  of  41  000 
lineal  feet  of  Bridging  and  Viaduct,  designed  and  constructed  by  us  during  the  past’ six 
years.  We  are  prepared  to  furnish  first-class 


COUNTY  ROAD-BRIDGES, 

And  Commissioners  can  obtain  any  desired  information  from  us. 

Lithographs  Sent  on  -Application. 


220 


The  Monumental  City, 


GILMOR  MEREDITH.  BENJAMIN’  C.  BARROLL,  Jb. 

GILMOR  MEREDITH  &  CO. 
SHIPPING  AND  COMMISSION  MERCHANTS, 

AGENTS 

PACIFIC  MAIL  STEAMSHIP  CO. 

To  negotiate  Coal  Charters  to  Aspinwall,  Panama,  Acapulco,  San  Francisco  and  Ports  in 

Japan  and  China, 

Consolidation  Coal  Company  of  Md. 

MINERS  AND  SHIPPERS  OF 

GEORGES  CREEK  CUMBERLAND  COAL, 

AND  OF  THE 

UlSTLON  MINING  CO. 

Manufacturers  of  the  Celebrated  “Mount  Savage”  FIRE  BRICK  and  CLAY, 

No.  25  SOUTH  GAY  STREET, 
p.  o.  Box  773.  BALTIMORE. 

CHS.  F.  MAYER.  SAML.  S.  CARROLL. 

MAYER,  CARROLL  &  CO. 
Shipping  and  Commission  Merchants, 
Miners  and  Shippers 

OF 

Georges  Creek  Cumberland  Coal, 

AND 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GAS  AND  CANNED 


Receive  Coal  on  consignment  for  Shipping  and  negotiate  Coal  Charters  to  all  Domestic 

and  Foreign  Ports. 

INTO.  13  GERMAlIST  STREET, 

(Near  South  Street,) 

Shipping  Wharf,  Locust  Point.  (P.  0.  Box  257.)  BALTIMORE. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


221 


Petroleum. 

BALTIMORE  oilers  great  facilities  for  the  refining  and  shipment  of  Petro- 
||jf  eum  or  Coal  Oil;  and  these  are  rapidly  effecting  an  increase  in  the 
amount  passing  thiough  this  market.  The  double  connection  by  rail  with 
the  oil  legion,  the  cheap  rates  of  transportation,  and  the  abundant  means  of 
storage, .  compare  favorably  with  those  offered  by  any  other  seaport.  The 
completion  of  the  Union  Railroad,  with  its  tunnel,  will  still  farther  promote 
this  traffic;  so  will  also  the  competition  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad 

effecting  a  reduction  in  freights.  As  a  market  for  southern  purchasers,  Balti¬ 
more  is  unequalled. 

CANTON  OIL  WORKS, 

CANTON, 

MERRITT,  JONES  &  CO. 

OFFICE,  No.  56  EXCHANGE  PLACE, 

Next  door  to  Post  Office  on  Lombard  Street, 

BALTIMORE. 


Paints  and  Chemicals. 


VANY  years  ago  the  manufacture  of  Chemicals  was  an  especial  feature  of 
the  trade  of  this  C  ity  in  so  much  that  cities  of  larger  growth  were 
dependent  upon  Baltimore  for  their  supplies.  For  some  unexplained 
•eason  the  business  dwindled  down  and  the  preparation  of  these  articles  fell 
sway  to  almost  nothing.  The  introduction  of  guano,  however,  as  a  fertilizer, 
md  the  discovery  that  its  nutritive  properties  were  vastly  increased  when  in 
combination  with  other  compounds  dissolved  by  acid,  led  to  a  revival  of  the 
Manufacture  ol  Chemicals  under  circumstances  which  justify  us  in  concluding 
f  not  at  present,  that  it  will  ere  long  be  one  of  the  most  important  industries 
n  our  City. 

The  number  of  factories  for  the  manufacture  of  Oil  of  Vitrol,  Muriatic 
nd  Nitric  Acids  and  Sulphate  of  Ammonia  has  doubled,  and  those  already 
;n  existence  have  largely  increased  their  capacity. 

Immense  quantities  of  Sulphuric  Acid  are  required  in  the  preparation  of 
utilizers,  and  as  the  manufacture  of  the  latter  article  is  largely  on  the  increase 


224 


The  Monumental  City, 

WIVL  H.  BROWN  <£  BRO. 


BALTIMORE, 


Importers  and  Jobbers  of 

D  rugs,  Medicines,  Chemicals, 

ESSENTIAL  OILS,  CORKS,  SPONCES, 

Fancy  Goods,  Perfumery  and  Druggists’  Sundries. 


This  is  the  name  of 

One  of  the  Sweetest  Perfumes  in  America. 

It  is  made  by  our  fellow -townsman,  TV.  H.  READ,  and 
has  a  large  sale.  Any  one  that  uses  it 
once  will  never  be  without  it. 

R  J  BAKER  &  CO. 

IMPORTERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 

DYE-WOOD,  DYE-STUFFS,  GLUE, 

Indigo,  Madder,  Bi-  Carbonade  of  Soda,  Etc. 

OIL  VITRIOL  AND  CHEMICALS 

FOR  MAKING 

S  U  PE  R  - PHOSPHATES  AND  FERTILIZERS, 

36  &  38  South.  Charles  St..  Baltimore. 

MARYLAND  PAINT  &,  COLOR  WORKS 

Established.  1828. 

G.  &  N.  POPPLE1N,  JR. 

No.  27  HANOVER  STREET,  BALTIMORE, 

Manufacturers,  Importers  and  Dealers  in 

Faints,  Colors,  Oils,  Varnishes,  Brushes;  Flint,  Sand  and 
Emery  Papers;  Artists’ ,  Gilders’  and  Painters’  Sup¬ 
plies;  Lithographers’  Yellows;  Trego’s  Chrome 
Yellows  for  Export;  Baltimore  do.  do.;  Ame¬ 
rican  Vermillions;  Chrome  Greens,  &c. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 

Petroleum. 


221 


jit  TIMORE  offers  great  facilities  for  the  refining  and  shipment  of  Petro- 
m  leum  or  Coal  Oil;  and  these  are  rapidly  effecting  an  increase  in  the 
>  amount  passing  through  this  market.  The  double  connection  by  rail  with 
the  oil  region,  the  cheap  rates  of  transportation,  and  the  abundant  means  of 
storage,  compare  favorably  with  those  offered  by  any  other  seaport.  The 
completion  of  the  Union  Railroad,  with  its  tunnel,  will  still  farther  promote 
thistiaffic;  so  will  also  the  competition  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad 

effecting  a  reduction  in  freights.  As  a  market  for  southern  purchasers,  Balti¬ 
more  is  unequalled. 

CANTON  OIL  WORKS, 

CANTON, 

MERRITT,  JONES  &  CO. 

OFFICE,  No.  56  EXCHANGE  PLACE, 

Next  door  to  Post  Office  on  Lombard  Street, 

BALTIMORE. 


Paints  and  Chemicals. 


■ANY  years  ago  the  manufacture  of  Chemicals  was  an  especial  feature  of 
|ll|  the  trade  of  this  City  in  so  much  that  cities  of  larger  growth  were 
^  dependent  upon  Baltimore  for  their  supplies.  Eor  some  unexplained 
reason  the  business  dwindled  down  and  the  preparation  of  these  articles  fell 
away  to  almost  nothing.  The  introduction  of  guano,  however,  as  a  fertilizer, 
and  the  discovery  that  its  nutritive  properties  were  vastly  increased  when  in 
2ombination  with  other  compounds  dissolved  by  acid,  led  to  a  revival  of  the 
manufacture  of  Chemicals  under  circumstances  which  justify  us  in  concluding 
if  not  at  present,  that  it  will  ere  long  be  one  of  the  most  important  industries 
in  our  City. 

The  number  of  factories  for  the  manufacture  of  Oil  of  Vitrol,  Muriatic 
tnd  Nitric  Acids  and  Sulphate  of  Ammonia  has  doubled,  and  those  already 
In  existence  have  largely  increased  their  capacity. 

Immense  quantities  of  Sulphuric  Acid  are  required  in  the  preparation  of 
fertilizers,  and  as  the  manufacture  of  the  latter  article  is  largely  on  the  increase 


224 


The  Monumental  City, 

WM.  H.  BROWN  «£  BRO. 


NO.  25  SOUTH  SHARP  STREET, 

BALTIMORE, 

Importers  and  Jobbers  of 


Drugs,  ALedicines,  Chemicals, 

ESSENTIAL  OILS,  CORKS,  SPONGES, 

Fancy  Goods,  Perfumery  and  Druggists’  Sundries. 


This  is  the  name  of 

One  of  the  Sweetest  Perfumes  in  America. 

It  is  made  by  oar  fellow -townsman,  W.  H.  READ,  and 
has  a  large  sale.  Any  one  that  uses  it 
once  ivill  never  be  without  it. 

R.  J.  BAKER  &  CO. 

IMPORTERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 

DYE-WOOD,  DYE-STUFFS,  GLUE, 

Indigo,  Madder,  Bi-  Carbonate  of  Soda,  Etc. 

OIL  VITRIOL  AND  CHEMICALS 

FOR  MAKING 

S  U  PE  R  -  P  H  OS  P  H  AT  E  S  AND  FERTILIZERS, 

_ 36  &  38  South  Charles  St.,  Baltimore. 

MARYLAND  PAINT  6c  COLOR  WORKS 

Established.  1828. 

G.  &  N.  POPPLE1N,  JR, 

No.  27  HANOVER  STBEET,  BALTIMORE, 

Manufacturers,  Importers  and  Dealers  in 
Paints,  Colors,  Oils,  T  arnishes ,  Brushes;  Flint,  Sand  and 
Emery  Payers;  Artists' ,  Gilders'  and  Painters'  Sup¬ 
plies;  Lithographers’  Yellows;  Trego's  Chrome 
Yellows  for  Export;  Baltimore  do.  do.;  Ame¬ 
rican  Yermillions;  Chrome  Greens,  fyc. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


225 


BALTIMORE  CHROME  WORKS. 

JESSE  TYSON,  President, 


manufactory  of 


bi-chromate  of  potash, 

Having  large  Works  in  the  South-Eastern  part  of  the  City.  Started  in  1845.  For 
seveial  )ears  the  markets  in  the  l  nited  States  have  been  mainly 
supplied  with  Bi-Chromate  by  this  Establishment. 


WM.  STUART  SYMINGTON. 


THOS.  A  SYMINGTON. 


Patapsco  Chemical  Works, 

SYMINGTON  BROS.  &  CO. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


ACIDS  &  OTHER  CHEMICALS, 

Works  on  Locust  Point,  Office,  44  South  Street, 

BALTIMORE. 


CHAS.  F.  PITT  &  SONS, 

Importers  and  Commission  Merchants, 

110  LOMBARD  STREET, 

Baltimore. 


Soda  Ash,  Caustic  Soda,  Sal  Soda, 
Rosin,  Indigo,  Jute  Butts,  &e. 

WM.  DAVISON  <&TcO. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

VARNISHES,  WHITE  LEAD. 

FRENCH  AND  AMERICAN  ZINCS  IN  OIL, 

Epsom  Salts,  Refined  Saltpetre,  Spanish  Brown, 

Yenitian  Red,  Colors,  Ratty, 

Lamp  Blade,  tyc. 

104  West  Lombard  Street,  Baltimore. 


228 


The  Mohumehtal  City, 

and  thus  dispensing  with  a  large  number  of  sailing  vessels.  The  superiority 
of  Baltimore  over  any  one  Southern  market  lies  in  the  fact  that,  receiving 
from  all  points  South,  she  can  offer  the  produce  of  many  markets,  and 
forward  in  thorough  order,  merchandize  which  has  been  in  transit  from  two 
to  five  days,  the  time  requisite  for  reaching  the  City. 

We  append  the  receipts  at  this  port  for  the  last  five  years: 

Tears.  Spirits.  Rosin.  Tar.  Pitch. 

1872,  .  21,407  77,990  10,207  3,168 

1871,  .  ....  22,852  .  79,352  .  11,302  .  1,941 

1870,  .  15,523  66,003  8,088  781 

1869,  .  14,434  51,520  . : .  5,686  870 

1868,  .  11,646  53,904  6,629  649 

Edgar  M.  Lazarus.  Robt.  A.  Taylor. 

E.  M.  LAZARUS  &  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 

o9  S.  Gray  Street,  Baltimore, 

FOR  TME  SAFE  OF 

COTTON  and  NAVAL  STORES. 

KEEPING  CONSTANTLY  ON  HAND 

SPIRITS  TURPENTINE,  all  grades  of  ROSIN,  all  sizes 

and  kinds  of  TAB  and  BITCH . 

C.  Morton  Stewart.  •  Frank  Frick. 

0.  MORTON  STEWART  &  CO. 


GrEISTER^AXj 


E.  \  HOPKINS.  JOHNS  H.  JAMEY. 

HOPKINS  &  JANNEY, 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 

FOR  SALE  OF 

Cotton,  Mairal  Stores,  d£c. 

18  SPEAR’S  WHARF,  BALTIMORE. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


225 


BALTIMORE  CHROME  WORKS, 

JESSE  TYSON,  President, 


manufactory  of 


BI-CHROMATE  OF  POTASH, 

Having  large  AV  orks  in  the  South-Eastern  part  of  the  City.  Started  in  1845.  For 
several  years  the  markets  in  the  United  States  have  been  mainly 
supplied  with  Bi-Chromate  by  this  Establishment. 


WM.  STUART  SYMINGTON. 


THOS.  A.  SYMINGTON. 


Patapsco  Chemical  Works 

SYMINGTON  BROS.  &  CO. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

ACIDS  OTHER  CHEMICALS, 

Works  on  Locust  Point,  Office,  ii  South  Street, 

BALTIMORE. 


CHAS.  F.  PITT  &  SONS, 

Importers  anil  Commission  Merchants, 

110  E  O  M  B  A  K  11  STREET, 

Baltimore. 

Soda  Ash,  Caustic  Soda,  Sal  Soda, 
_  Rosin,  Indigo,  Jute  Butts,  &e. 

WM.  DAVISON  &  CO. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

VARNISHES,  WHITE  LEAD. 

FRENCH  AND  AMERICAN  ZINCS  IN  OIL, 

Epsom  Salts,  Refined  Saltpetre,  Spanish  Brown, 

Venitian  Red,  Colors,  Ratty, 

Lamp  Black,  $-c. 

104  West  Lombard  Street,  Baltimore. 


228 


The  Monumental  City, 


and  thus  dispensing  with  a  large  number  of  sailing  vessels.  The  superiority 
of  Baltimore  over  any  one  Southern  market  lies  in  the  fact  that,  receiving 
from  all  points  South,  she  can  offer  the  produce  of  many  markets,  and 
forward  in  thorough  order,  merchandize  which  has  been  in  transit  from  two 
to  five  days,  the  time  requisite  for  reaching  the  City. 

We  append  the  receipts  at  this  port  for  the  last  five  years: 


Years. 

Spirits. 

Rosin. 

Tar. 

Pitch. 

1872,  . 

.  21,407  . 

.  77,990  . 

.  10,207  . 

......  3,168 

1871,  . 

....  22,852  . 

.  79,352  . 

.  11,302  . 

.  1,941 

1870,  . 

.  15,523  . 

.  8,088  . 

.  781 

1869,  . 

.  14,434  . 

.  51,520  . 

.  5,686  . 

.  870 

1868,  . 

.  11,646  . 

......  53,904  . 

.  6,629  . 

.  649 

Edgar  M.  Lazarus.  Robt.  A.  Taylor. 

E.  M.  LAZARUS  &  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 

o9  S.  Gray  Street,  Baltimore, 

FOR  THE  SALE  OF 

COTTON  and  NAVAL  STORES. 

KEEPING  CONSTANTLY  ON  HAND 

SPIItITS  TURPENTINE ,  all  grades  of  ROSIN,  all  sizes 

and  kinds  of  TAR  and  PITCH. 

C.  Morton  Stewart.  Frank  Frick. 


C.  MORTON  STEWART  &  CO. 


E.  X  HOPKINS.  JOHNS  H.  JANNEY. 

HOPKINS  &  JANNEY, 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 

FOR  SALE  OF 

Cotton,  Naval  Stores,  t£c. 

18  SPEAR’S  WHARF,  BALTIMORE. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  .Resources. 


229 


Window  Glass  and  Glass  Ware. 

§EW  articles  admit  of  more  general  consumption  than  Glass,  and  still 
fewer  aie  liable  to  a  more  constant  demand.  Its  varied  uses  and  its 
brittle  character  make  it  the  subject  of  constant  solicitude  alike  to  the 
housekeeper  and  the  merchant,  and  its  plentifulness  and  cheapness  a  matter 
of  no  little  consideration.  The  attention  of  the  trade  of  Baltimore  was  turned 
to  the  manufacture  of  Window  Glass  and  Glass  Ware  in  the  very  infancy  of 
the  City;  and  the  matter  of  its  production  and  sale  was  of  great  importance, 
when  only  the  most  sanguine  of  our  citizens  dared  hope  for  the  splendid 
future  that  has  since  dawned  upon  her.  A  Glass  Factory  known  as  the 
Baltimore  Glass  Works,”  was  established  on  Federal  Hill,  on  the  south  side 
of  the  Basin,  during  the  year  1790,  and  was  among  the  first  establishments  of 
that  description  in  America.  For  nearly  eighty  years  it  has  been  in  continu¬ 
ous  and  successful  operation,  undergoing  from  time  to  time  vast  additions 
and  extensive  improvements.  Sixteen  years  since,  a  new  factory  was  started 
at  the  Spring  Gardens  for  the  manufacture  of  Bottles,  Vials,  Jars,  &c.  In 
1858  this  factory  changed  proprietors,  and  like  its  predecessor  has  undergone 
many  improvements,  its  capacity  having  been  enlarged  at  various  times  until 
at  present  there  are  in  operation  two  furnaces  for  the  manufacture  of  Bottles, 
Vials,  Jars,  Flasks,  Demijohns  and  a  great  variety  of  other  articles.  One 
flint  furnace  from  which  are  turned  out  Tumblers,  Chimneys,  Jars,  Vials, 
Cologne  and  Extract  Bottles  and  all  the  little  Glass  articles  for  the  toilet,  and 
the  perfumers  art.  These  works  employ  some  two  hundred  hands  and  manu¬ 
facture  yearly  $200,000  worth  of  Glass  Ware.  For  the  manufacture  of  this 
large  amount  of  Glass  it  may  be  interesting  to  enumerate  some  few  of  the 
more  important  materials  consumed.  In  the  space  of  twelve  months  this 
factory  uses  500  casks  of  soda  ash,  2,000  tons  of  coal,  500  tons  of  packing  hay 
and  straw,  2,000  tons  of  sand,  50  tons  of  marl,  1,000  cords  of  wood,  500  tons 
of  lime,  1,000,000  feet  of  lumber,  10  tons  of  iron,  50  tons  of  pot-clay,  300 
kegs  of  nails,  &c.,  &c. 

The  Baltimore  Window  Glass  Works  have  two  large  furnaces  in  operation 
employing  about  one  hundred  hands  and  manufacturing  60,000  boxes  of 
Window  Glass  and  Coach  Glass  for  cars  and  coaches,  Picture  Glass, 
&c.,  annually  amounting  to  $160,000.  In  addition  to  the  establish¬ 
ments  mentioned  above,  there  are  also  the  Maryland  Glass  Works.  This 
factory,  erected  some  years  ago  on  the  Spring  Gardens  has  rapidly  developed 
into  importance  and  is  at  present  turning  out  at  least  30,000  boxes  of  Window 
Glass  annually,  employing  a  large  number  of  hands  and  consuming  250  tons 
of  soda  ash,  600  tons  of  sand,  1,600  tons  of  coal,  500  cords  of  wood,  40  tons 
of  pot-clay  and  a  large  quantity  of  lumber.  From  the  above  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  production  of  Window  Glass  alone,  during  the  year,  amounts  to 


229 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 

Window  Glass  and  Glass  Ware. 

§E W  articles .  admit  of  more  general  consumption  than  Glass,  and  still 
fewer  are  liable  to  a  more  constant  demand.  Its  varied  uses  and  its 
brittle  character  make  it  the  subject  of  constant  solicitude  alike  to  the 
housekeeper  and  the  merchant,  and  its  plentifulness  and  cheapness  a  matter 
of  no  little  consideiation.  The  attention  of  the  trade  of  Baltimore  was  turned 
to  the  manufacture  of  Window  Glass  and  Glass  Ware  in  the  very  infancy  of 
the  City ,  and  the  matter  of  its  production  and  sale  was  of  great  importance, 
when  only  the  most  sanguine  of  our  citizens  dared  hope  for  the  splendid 
future  that  has  since  dawned  upon  her.  A  Glass  Factory  known  as  the 
“Baltimore  Glass  Works,”  was  established  on  Federal  Hill,  on  the  south  side 
of  the  Basin, .  during  the  year  1790,  and  was  among  the  first  establishments  of 
that  description  in  America.  For  nearly  eighty  years  it  has  been  in  continu¬ 
ous  and  successful  operation,  undergoing  from  time  to  time  vast  additions 
and  extensive  improvements.  Sixteen  years  since,  a  new  factory  was  started 
at  the  Spring  Gardens  for  the  manufacture  of  Bottles,  Vials,  Jars,  &c.  In 
1858  this  factory  changed  proprietors,  and  like  its  predecessor  has  undergone 
many  improvements,  its  capacity  having  been  enlarged  at  various  times  until 
at  present  there  are  in  operation  two  furnaces  for  the  manufacture  of  Bottles, 
Vials,  Jars,  Flasks,  Demijohns  and  a  great  variety  of  other  articles.  One 
flint  furnace  from  which  are  turned  out  Tumblers,  Chimneys,  Jars,  Vials, 
Cologne  and  Extract  Bottles  and  all  the  little  Glass  articles  for  the  toilet,  and 
the  perfumers  art.  These  works  employ  some  two  hundred  hands  and  manu¬ 
facture  yearly  $200,000  worth  of  Glass  Ware.  For  the  manufacture  of  this 
large  amount  oi  Glass  it  may  be  interesting  to  enumerate  some  few  of  the 
more  important  materials  consumed.  In  the  space  of  twelve  months  this 
factory  uses  500  casks  of  soda  ash,  2,000  tons  of  coal,  500  tons  of  packing  hay 
and  straw,  2,000  tons  of  sand,  50  tons  of  marl,  1,000  cords  of  wood,  500  tons 
of  lime,  1,000,000  feet  of  lumber,  10  tons  of  iron,  50  tons  of  pot-clay,  300 
kegs  of  nails,  &c.,  &c. 

The  Baltimore  Window  Glass  Works  have  two  large  furnaces  in  operation 
employing  about  one  hundred  hands  and  manufacturing  60,000  boxes  of 
Window  Glass  and  Coach  Glass  for  cars  and  coaches,  Picture  Glass, 
&c.,  annually  amounting  to  $160,000.  In  addition  to  the  establish¬ 
ments  mentioned  above,  there  are  also  the  Maryland  Glass  Works.  This 
factory,  erected  some  years  ago  on  the  Spring  Gardens  has  rapidly  developed 
into  importance  and  is  at  present  turning  out  at  least  30,000  boxes  of  Window 
Glass  annually,  employing  a  large  number  of  hands  and  consuming  250  tons 
of  soda  ash,  600  tons  of  sand,  1,600  tons  of  coal,  500  cords  of  wood,  40  tons 
of  pot-clay  and  a  large  quantity  of  lumber.  From  the  above  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  production  of  Window  Glass  alone,  during  the  year,  amounts  to- 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 


233 


CHARLES  J.  BAKER.  WM.  BAKER,  Jb.  CHARLES  E.  BAKER.  GEO.  B.  BAKER. 

BAKER  BROTHERS  &  CO. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

BALTIMORE 


Druggists  and  Perfumers’1 

FLINT  &  GREEN  GLASSWARE, 

Demijohns,  Wine.  Bottles,  Flasks,  &c. 


IMPORTERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 

FRENCH  WINDOW  GLASS, 

CHEMICALS,  PAINTS,  OILS,  &c. 


OFFICE  AND  WAREHOUSES, 

32  &  34  S.  CHARLES  STREET. 

WINDOW  GLASS  FACTORIES,  BOTTLE  FACTORIES, 

Federal  Hill.  Spring  Gardens  &  Futaw  St. 

15 


234 


The  Monumental  City, 


Thorough  House-Furnishing  Establishment! 


SAMUEL  GHILD  &  GO. 

NO.  20  NORTH  CHARLES  STREET, 

DIRECT  IMPORTERS  OP 

FINE  FRENCH  DECORATED  CHINA, 

Fine  French  China  plain  white ,  Fine  English  China  do.  do. 

Fine  French,  English  &  Bohemian  TABLE  GLASS.  INDIA  CHINA  hpaiitifiillvrlo™. 

rp?TTT  tot  BIiPE  (^-N,T(Sf  and  NANKEEN  WARE.  FINE  IVORY  TABLE 
QNTLERY .  Fine  Triple  Plated  Tea  Sets,  Casters,  Cake  Baskets,  Butter  Dishes 
Ice  Pitchers,  Waiters,  Goblets,  &c..  &c.  Fine  quality  Heavy  Block  TIN  Ta  ' 
panned  and  Plain  TIN  WARE.  BASKETS.  KIT  JhEN  UTENSILS,  and 

MANUFACTUREBS  OF  THE  CELEBRATED  ICELAND  REFRIGERATOR. 


J.  P.  AMMIDON. 


D.  F.  HAYNES. 


GEORGE  LOCKWOOD. 


347  WEST  BALTIMORE  and  60  GERMAN  STS., 

BALTIMOBE. 

IMPORTERS  -A.TSTHD  JOBBERS  I3NT 

FRENCH  AND  ENGLISH  CHINA, 


T  -|  EVERY  description. 

-Lamps  and  Chandeliers,  Table  Glassware, 

CASTORS, 

Spoons,  Tea  Trays  and  Table  Cutlery,  &c.,  &c 

burning  and  lubricating  oils 

and! instantly  ^enisMstock'of  fCtion  °f  the  countl'y> to  our  '“ge,  yaried, 

—e  cl° not  “ t0  say> 

Queensware  Lamp  (foods  and  ttoSg*  ”*  Packages  °f 

Prices  and  Goods  guaranteed.  y  gures* 

AMMIDON  &  CO. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  235 

mcdowell  &  co. 


ISTo.  264  Baltimore  St. 


Opposite  Hanover  Street.  BALTIMORE. 


Guano  and  Fertilizers. 


JHILE  immense  tracts  of  land  are  being  cleared  for  cultivation  in  the 
West,  and  grain  is  becoming  so  plentiful  as  to  be  used  in  some  in¬ 
stances  for  fuel,  the  soil  nearer  home  in  many  cases  is  suffering  a 
corresponding  decrease  in  productiveness  from  the  thriftless  mode  of  tillage 
adopted  by  some,  and  the  great  tax  of  its  powers  by  all  farmers  in  their  efforts 
to  secure  from  it  the  very  greatest  possible  yield.  It  is  gratifying  to  know 
however,  that  this  destructive  policy  has  been  in  a  measure  checked  during 
the  last  few  years,  and  that  more  enlightened  farmers  and  agriculturists  have 
begun  to  learn  the  importance  of  recuperating  worn-out  lands  by  means  of 
the  various  kinds  of  Fertilizers.  Cotton  planting,  tobacco  culture,  and  a 
number  of  the  crops  grown  in  the  East  and  South,  are  more  exhaustive  in 
their  effects  upon  the  soil  than  grain,  and  hence  the  greater  necessity  for  the 
use  of  Fertilizers  in  their  cultivation.  A  growing  conviction  of  the  true 
value  of  these  Fertilizers  has  caused  their  manufacture  and  distribution  to 
become  a  most  important  branch  of  the  trade  of  Baltimore.  This  City  was 
the  first  and  for  many  years  the  only  port  in  the  country  for  the  importation 
and  sale  of  Peruvian  Guano— a  business  which  was  begun  as  early  as  the 
year  1832.  For  a  long  time  the  Guano  was  used  in  the  crude  state,  just  as  it 
came  from  the  Islands,  but  the  advance  made  in  the  science  of  Agricultural 
Chemistry  led  to  the  discovery  that  the  force  of  this  Fertilizer  might  be 
greatly  increased,  and  a  large  proportion  of  the  amount  impoi  ted  is  now  used 
in  the  preparation  of  artificial  Fertilizers.  Into  their  manufacture  also  enter 
large  quantities  of  bone,  and  the  offal  from  the  slaughter-houses,  both  of  Bal¬ 
timore  and  the  West.  The  factories  for  the  preparation  of  these  articles  are 
located  chiefly  in  South  and  East  Baltimore,  and  occupy  a  very  considerable 
area  of  ground.  In  the  same  portion  of  the  City  are  extensive  Chemical 
Works  for  the  manufacture  of  sulphuric  acid,  or  oil  of  vitriol,  of  which 
agent  an  immense  quantity  is  used  in  making  Fertilizers.  The  analysis  of 
new  soils  and  numberless  experiments  largely  increase  the  list  of  artificial 


236 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 

manures  from  year  to  year,  and  so  numerous  are  now  the  different  compositions, 
from  the  same  general  basis,  that  almost  all  are  designated  by  some  proprie¬ 
tary  name,  to  give  a  list  of  which  would  be  outside  of  the  purpose  of  this  work. 

The  ease  with  which  these  Fertilizers  can  be  adulterated  makes  the 
trade  peculiarly  liable  to  fraud.  It  is  matter  of  congratulation  that  the 
gentlemen  engaged  in  this  business  in  our  City  are  persons  of  such  standing 
and  tone  in  the  community  as  to  preclude  the  idea  of  deception  in  the  manu¬ 
facture  or  sale  of  these  compounds. 

Suffice  it  to  say,  that  all  the  varieties  of  Fertilizers  known  to  the  trade  and 
likely  to  be  beneficial  to  any  known  soil,  can  be  purchased  in  Baltimore  on  as 
reasonable  terms  as  elsewhere,  while  the  facilities  for  shipment  to  any  part  of 
the  country  are  unrivalled. 

FERTILIZERS. 

Maryland  Fertilizing  and  Manufacturing  Company, 

WARREN,  HAMBURG,  GATES  AND  HENRY  STREETS, 

OFFICE,  No.  4  S.  HOLLIDAY  ST., 

Manufacture  Fertilizers  of  the  highest  grade 

FOR  WHEAT,  CORN,  VEGETABLES  AND  ALL  SPRING  CROPS,  COTTON  FOOD  AND  TOBACCO  FOOD. 

DIRECTORS. 

CHARLES  J.  BAKER,  SAM’L  H.  LYON, 

WM.  G.  HARRISON,  ROBERT  TURNER, 

LAWRENCE  SANGSTON,  RICHARD  H.  BAKER. 

Farmers  are  invited  to  visit  these  Works  and  see  how  and  of  what  materials  Fertilizers 
are  made. 

They  also  manufacture  Fertilizers  to  special  Formulas  in  quantities  not  less  than  Ten 
Tons,  and  supply  Farmeis  who  desire  to  manipulate  for  themselves  with  all  the  necessary 
maienais. 

Lawrence  Sangston,  President. 

H.  C.  HOWARD,  Sec’y. _ J.  EDWIN  MYERS,  Gcn’l  Agent. 

ORCHILLA  BUAMO,  A  A . 

A  True  Bird  Guano,  Rich  in  Phosphates  and  Alkaline  Sails, 

From  Orchilla  Island  in  the  Carribbean  Sea>  belonging  to  Venezuela, 

Lat.  11°  50'  N.,  Lon.  66°  W  W. 

B.  M.  BHOBES  &  CO., 

AGENTS  FOR  THE  SALE  OF  ORCHILLA  GUANO, 

OFFICE,  No.  82  South  Street,  below  Corn  Exchange, 

*8H!30  Per  Ton,  in  Bags.  BALTIMORE. 


HORNER’S 

MARYLAND  SUPER  PHOSPHATE 

contains: 

Peruvian  Guano .  700  lbs. 

Bone  Dust  and  Concentrated  Animal  Matter,  1150  “ 

Muriate  of  Potash . . .  150  “ 


2000  “ 

Liberal  Discount  to  Dealers. 


BONE  DUST  Ammonia,  3. 

Bone  Phosphate,  -  59.63 

Soluble  Phosphoric  Acid,  29.16 

Maryland  Super  Phosphate . $50  per  ton. 

Bone  Meal . ; .  50  “ 

Tobacco  Sustain  (extra  quantity)  Potash . . .  50  “  “ 

Bone  Dust .  45 

Dissolved  Bone . 48 

Ground  Plaster . I1-?5  per  bhl. 


Peruvian  Guano,  Oil  Vitriol,  Potash,  and  other  Chemi 

cals  for  Fertilizing. 

'New  Bags  and  no  charge  for  delivery. 

JOSHUA  HORNER,  jr. 

54  S.  GAY  STREET. 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 


239 


CHAPPELL’S  CHEMICAL  WORKS, 

ESTABLISHED  1845, 

MANUFACTORY  OF 


COTTON  KING 


PENDLETON'S  GUANO  COMPOUND, 


EMPIRE  GUANO, 

AND 


P.  S.  CHAPPELL, 

Proprietor, 


OFFICE,  31  SOUTH  STREET, 

Baltimore. 


240 


The  Monumental  City, 


The  Pacific  Guano  Company’s 

(CAPITAL  $1,000,000.)  * 

SOLUBLE  PACIFIC  GUANO. 

JOHN  S.  REESE  &  CO. 

GENERAL  AGENTS, 

BALTIMORE. 


WHITELOCK’S  VEGETATOR 


ADAPTED  TO 


EVERY  SPECIES  OF  CROPS  AND  ALL  KINDS  OF  SOILS. 

This  manure  is  -prepared  with  great  care  from  the  best 
materials.  It  is  uniform  in  quality  and 
always  in  a  suitable  condition 
for  drilling. 

MA.]SriJirA.CTIJRHlD  BY 

W.  WHITELOCK  &  CO: 

44  South  Street, 

BALTIMORE. 


The  undersigned  would  call  the  attention  of  Farmers  and  Planters  to  their  stock  of 

Peruvian  Guanape  Guano,  AA.,  A.,  B.  &  C.  Mexican  Guano, 
Md.  Fertilizing  Co’s  Cotton  Food  &  Ammoniated  Phosphate. 

All  of  which  we  will  guarantee.  Orders  for  all  PHOSPHATES  of  known  value  will 
receive  our  prompt  attention.  We  also  solicit  orders  for 

CORN,  OATS,  HAY,  <fcc.  <fco. 

Our  facilities  and  experience  of  thirty-five  years  will  warrant  satisfaction. 

FIELD  NEED  OF  ALE  DESCRIPTIONS  CONSTANTLY  ON  HAND. 

We  respectfully  solicit  correspondence. 

ROBERT  TURNER  &  SON,  43  &  46  S.  Frederick  St,,  Baltimore* 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Kesources. 


241 


JOSEPH  REYNOLDS.  AUG.  C.  PRACHT. 

CHESAPEAKE  GUANO 

An  Ammoniated  Soluble  Phosphate, 

Containing  all  the  Properties  of  Bone  and  Peruvian  Guano , 

Manufactured  and  sold  by 

ISAAC  REYNOLDS  &  SONS, 

BALTIMORE. 

Send  for  Circulars  containing  Analysis  and  Certificates. 

Maryland  Life  Insurance  Co. 

No.  10  South  Street,  Baltimore. 


Marble. 


YgtlTHIN  a  few  miles  of  Baltimore  on  the  line  of  the  Northern  Central  Bail- 
way  are  located  quarries  of  Marble  practically  inexhaustible,  and  of  a 
quality  which  rivals  that  found  in  any  other  portion  of  the  country. 
These  quarries  have  been  worked  for  many  years.  Their  convenient  location 
along  one  of  the  main  lines  of  railroad  leading  out  of  our  city,  has  enabled 
their  owners  to  supply  the  material  at  prices  remunerative  to  themselves,  and 
favorable  to  purchasers.  Immense  quantities  of  the  Marble  have  been  shipped 
to  Baltimore  and  other  cities.  The  monolithic  columns  of  the  Capitol  at  Wash¬ 
ington,  and  many  of  the  public  buildings  in  that  city  built  of  this  material, 
are  ample  evidence  of  the  quality  of  Baltimore  County  Marble,  and  the 
estimation  in  which  it  is  held  by  those  best  qualified  to  judge,  and  the 
numerous  buildings  that  have  been  erected  in  our  own  city  are  an  indication 
of  its  appreciation  by  those  who  reside  in  Baltimore.  The  new  City  Hall,  a 
magnificent  edifice  recently  erected  in  our  midst,  has  been  constructed  entirely 
of  Marble  from  these  quarries,  as  was  also  the  Washington  Monument. — 
Immense  blocks  of  the  crude  stone  can  be  taken  out  and  shipped  to  market ; 
blocks  in  fact,  of  any  size  likely  to  be  required  for  practical  purposes.  It  is 
susceptible  of  the  very  highest  polish,  and  is  largely  used  for  ornamental 

purposes. 

Large  establishments  exist  in  our  city  for  cutting  and  dressing  Marble, 
which  employ  a  number  of  hands  and  are  furnished  with  the  most  improved 

steam  machinery. 


242 


The  Monumental  City, 


HUGH  SISSON 


HUM: 


©  W®tki 


Corner  North  and  Monument  Streets, 

BALTIMORE. 


'f 


CONSTANTLY  ON  HAND  AND  MAKES  TO  ORDER 

MONUMENTS,  TOMBS, 

MANTELS, 

FURNITURE  SLABS,  TILE-COUNTERS,  &c. 

OF  THE  DIFFERENT  VARIETIES  OF  MARBLE. 

Also  Furnishes  the  Trade  with  Marble  Cut  to  Size. 

BALTIMORE  FRENCH  BURR  MILL  STONE 

Manufactory  and  Mill  Furnishing  Establishment, 

DEALERS  IN 

BOLTING  CLOTHS, 

1»mPmRe°k°sF 

description.  Also  ESOPIUS,  COOALICO  and  COLOGNE  MILL  STONES.  ^ 

F.  STARR  <fc  CO. 

173  Worth  Street ,  cor,  of  Centre,  Baltimore. 


HORACE  NOBLE. 


C.  W.  WILSON. 


NOBLE  &  W  ILSON, 

Manufacturers  of  Fire  and  Water-Proof 

PLASTIC  SLATE  ROOFING  MATERIALS 

SLATE  FLOUR  COAL  TAR,  ROOFING  FELT,  CLEATINGS,  &c. 
Plastic  Slate  Roof  applied  to  any  style  of  Building. 

THE  PLATTTO  P°St  GfflCe  Avenue>  Baltimore. 

itself  to  a  N0n0nflng  -tands  galled.  A  mastic,  it  adapts 

caying— frostdoes  not  crack  nor  le>  imPervious,  non-expansive  and  unde¬ 

slate  roof  without  its  ioin t  fnri  -d  ^  Pos3essmS  all  the  advantages  of  a  sheet 
exposure,  and  perfectly  fire  oroof  iM<f  m-  eilW  susceptible  of  little,  if  any,  wear  from 
Buddings,  Bridges  &/  proofGt  is  unequaded  as  a  coating  for  Railroad  and  Farm 
*  ’  ges’  ®c-  Orders  for  Shipping  Promptly  Attended  to. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


248 

FURNISHING  UNDERTAKER 

AND 

Manufacturer  of 


Metalic,  Lead  and  all 

DESCRIPTIONS  OF 

COFFINS 

Furnished  in  the  best  style 
and  manner. 


FUNERALS 


Promptly  and  carefully 
conducted. 


Baltimore  Frame  and  Moulding  Works. 


MOULDINGS  OF  ALL  DESCRIPTIONS, 

VELVET  AND  PAPER  MATTS, 

Nos.  29,  31,  33,  35,  37  and  39  LEADENHALL  STREET, 


BALTIMORE. 
JAMES  L.  PERRIGO,  Sunerintendent. 


244 


The  Monumental  City, 

BALTIMORE  CAR  WHEEL  CO. 

OFFICE,  15  SOUTH  STREET, 

CAPACITY  300  WHEELS  PER  DAY, 


MANUFACTURE  WHEELS  FOR 


CITY  or  STEAM  RAILWAYS, 

WITH  OR  WITHOUT  AXLES, 

WHEELS  OF  ALL  PATTERNS 

Made  to  Order  and  in  Stock,  of  Baltimore  Irons, 

Annealed  by  Cochran’ s  Process,  Warranted  Free  from 
Strain  and  Equal  in  Tenacity  and  Uniformity 
of  Chill  to  any  Wheels  made . 

W.  S.  G.  BAKER,  President.  vv.  J.  COCHRAN,  Superintendent. 


WORKS,  Cor.  Essex  and  Concord  Streets,  Canton,  Baltimore. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


245 


The  Chesapeake  Dredging  Company 

O  F 

Baltimore  County,  Maryland. 


PRESIDENT, 

THOMAS  C.  BASSHOR. 

DIRECTORS, 


THOMAS  C.  BASSHOR,  J.  H.  TEEMYER, 

JOHN  0.  EVANS,  FEANKLIN  B.  COLTON, 

WILLIAM  KIMMELL. 


Builders  and  Operators  of  Dredging  Machines  and  Tug-boats,  Contractors 
for  the  construction  of  Piers,  Bridges,  Wharfs,  Floating  and  Dry  Docks, 
Marine  Railways,  Timber  and  Stone  F  oundations. 

Owners  and  Operators  of  the  SHAW  GUN-POWDER  PILE  DRIVING 
MACHINES,  for  Baltimore  City  and  County,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md., 
Alexandria,  and  Fairfax  County,  \  a.,  and  the  District  of  Columbia. 


MAIN  OFFICE — 10th  Avenue ,  near  foot  of  Clinton  St., 

Canton. 


BRANCH  OFFICE— 5  Postoffice  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

11  “  341  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  Washington,  D.  C. 

COMMUNICATIONS  A  DDlt  ESSE />  TO 

JOHN  H.  TEEMYER,  Secretary. 


246 


The  Monumental  City, 


SAM’L  BURNS. 


GEO.  F.  SLOAN. 


HA 


JVo.  132  Light  Street  Wharf, 


^  ^  vi 

BALTIMORE. 


BUILDING  AND  HARD  WOOD 


LUM 


» 

5 


IN  LOTS  TO  SUIT. 


Fire  Bricks  and  Potteries. 


<Jj|ALTIMORE  possesses  superior  advantages  for  the  manufacture  of  all 
|P  kinds  of  Bricks.  The  surface  of  our  soil  is  underlaid  with  clays  which 
'W  are  manufactured  into  all  varieties  of  ware  constructed  of  clay— Stone¬ 
ware,  Pottery, Terra-Cotta,  and  Chemical  Ware  the  most  difficult  and  important 
of  all.  The  largest  kinds  of  Fire  Blocks,  and  Retorts  for  the  use  of  zinc  works, 
sugar  refineries  and  gas  works,  some  of  the  latter  weighing  considerably  over  a 
ton,  are  manufactured  in  Baltimore.  No  place  in  the  country  affords  such  fine 
material  for  these  varied  industries.  In  Pottery  Ware  alone  Baltimore  should 
surpass  Trenton,  and  command  the  trade  of  the  West  and  South.  With 
grounds  foi  these  establishments  at  a  nominal  price  contiguous  to  rail  and 
water  transportation,  and  the  clays  often  on  their  sites,  it  is  a  wonder  that 

more  capital  and  enterprise  should  not  have  sought  investment  in  them  with 
sucli  assurance  of  success. 

There  is  already  one  concern  manufacturing  refractory  materials  which  is 
sending  its  Retorts,  Fire  Bricks,  Sewer  Pipes,  Tiles,  &c.,  &c.,  to  the  remotest 
sections  of  the  country,  from  Maine  to  Louisiana  and  westward,  even  across 
the  Mississippi,  with  a  rapidly  increasing  business.  The  manufacture  of 
artificial  hydraulic  cement,  similar  to  the  far-famed  English  Portland  and 
Roman  Cements,  might  be  developed  here  to  an  almost  unlimited  extent 
with  oiu  vaiiet}  of  clays  and  limes  in  close  proximity.  These  manufactures 
of  raw  material,  direct  from  the  soil  where  it  is  lying  awaiting  the  skilled 
labor  which  capital  can  so  easily  provide,  are  the  most  solid  source  of  per¬ 
manent  wealth  to  any  community. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


247 


Baltimore  Retort  &  Fire  Brick  Works, 

GEORGE  C.  HICKS  &  CO. 

BALTIMORE. 

iffice,  3  S.  Holliday  St.  Manufactory,  Locust  Point. 

- -  ♦  . ..  - 

STANDARD  CLAY  RETORTS, 

TILES  OF  ALL  KINDS, 

FIRE  BRICKS 

OF  ALL  QUALITIES,  SHAPES  AND  SIZES, 

Fire  Cement,  Fire  Mortar,  Fire  Clay 

AND 

KAOLIN, 

STOVE  LINITsTGrS 

AND 

FURNACE  BRICKS, 

Nitrified,  Steam  Pressed,  Drain  &  Sewer  Pipe, 

AND 

MANUFACTURES  OF  CLAY  IN  GENERAL 

A  LARGE  STOCK  ALWAYS  ON  HAND. 


248 


The  Monumental  City, 


Bricks. 


pEW  persons  who  walk  the  streets  or  cast  their  eyes  np  to  the  substantial 
Jc|  dwellings  which  line  them,  care  to  inquire  how  many  distinct  bricks 
^  were  used  in  their  construction,  and  yet  perhaps  could  the  number  be 
ascertained,  it  would  foot  up  an  array  of  figures,  by  the  side  of  which  those 
that  express  the  combined  national  debts  of  all  the  nations  on  the  globe, 
would  dwarf  into  insignificance.  As  new  buildings  are  erected  or  old  ones 
repaired,  new  streets  paved  or  old  ones  mended,  the  number  required  is  indefi¬ 
nitely  increased;  and  the  system  adopted  long  since  by  the  municipal  authorities 
of  this  City  to  allow  none  but  Brick,  Stone  or  Iron  dwellings  to  be  built, 
save  under  peculiar  circumstances,  while  a  very  great  advantage  to  the  City, 
has  marvelously  increased  the  demand  for  bricks.  It  will  probably  not 
astonish  any  of  our  readers  then  to  be  informed,  that  more  than  100,000,000 
Bricks  are  manufactured  in  and  about  the  City  of  Baltimore  annually.  The 
clay  in  the  vicinity  of  Baltimore,  the  finest  in  the  world,  is  peculiarly  adapted 
to  the  manufacture  of  Brick,  and  the  materials  used  in  burning  them  can  be 
purchased  at  rates  which  render  their  production  a  means  of  profit  to  the 
manufacturer,  while  at  the  same  time  he  can  successfully  compete  in  price 
with  those  of  any  other  locality  in  the  country.  Extensive  Brick  yards  are 
established  west  of  Jones’  Falls,  on  the  Washington  road,  at  Moale’s  Point, 
Locust  Point,  on  the  Frederick  road,  east  of  the  Falls  at  Canton, 
Brooklyn  and  Belair  Avenue.  One  million  of  dollars  is  invested  in  the 
business,  2,000  hands  are  employed,  25,000  tons  of  coal,  and  2,000  cords  of 
wood  are  consumed  in  their  production.  The  quality  of  the  Bricks  made  in 
this  City  is  unsurpassed  by  that  of  any  made  in  the  United  States,  and  Balti¬ 
more  Pressed  Brick  are  superior  to  any  made  in  the  world,  as  is  evidenced  by 
the  fact  that  they  are  shipped  to  all  seaport  towns,  and  along  all  the  different 
railroad  lines  leading  out  of  Baltimore.  The  increased  demand  for  Pressed 
Brick  growing  out  of  the  fires  in  the  East,  has  led  to  their  use  in  that  section 
to  a  greater  extent  than  in  our  own  City. 

ESTABLISHED  1813. 

BURNS,  RUSSELL  «£  CO. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  THE  BEST 

Pres sed.  Sand,  Paving  and  Oo m m o n 


MADE  BY  HAND, 

YARDS:  Washington  Road  and  Annapolis  Road, 

OFFICE ,  30  COLUMBIA  STREET , 

Pressed  Brick  a  Specialty.  BALTIMORE. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


249 


W.  H.  PITCHER.  Y.  O.  WILSON. 

PITCHER  &  WILSON, 

BRICK  MANUFACTURERS, 

BEST  QUALITY  OF 

DUST  AND  SAND  PRESSED, 

Dressed  Sand  and  Hand-Made  Common  Erick, 

YARDS — Washington  Road.  OFFICE — IVo.  1  N.  Faca  St. 

All  Orders  Promptly  Attended  to.  g  ^  L  T  I  M  O  IT  E  • 


Horses  and  Mules. 


FEATURE  of  tlie  trade  of  Baltimore  is  the  traffic  in  Horses  and  Mules. 
With  the  exception  of  the  Kentucky  market,  that  of  this  City  is  the 
^  largest  in  the  United  States.  The  very  best  Mules  raised  in  America 
are  to  be  found  in  the  sale  stables  of  this  City,  and  Horses  of  heavy  draught, 


fed  upon  the  blue-grass  of  the  Western  States,  and  notoriously  free  from  the 
imperfections  and  disorders  to  which  Horses  are  liable,  are  brought  to  this 
City  for  sale  in  larger  numbers  and  in  better  condition  than  they  can  be 
found  elsewhere,  save  where  they  are  raised.  In  fancy  Horses  for  road  pur¬ 
poses  the  market  does  not  pretend  to  compete  with  that  of  Hew  York,  where 
the  best  breeds  of  trotters  are  raised,  and  where  the  demand  is  always  great, 
though  of  late  years  even  in  this  respect,  Baltimore  has  been  by  no  means 
insignificant ;  but  the  market  is  always  stocked  with  medium  Horses  at  fair 
prices,  and  the  character  of  those  engaged  in  the  business  is  a  guarantee  to 
buyers  that  their  representations  are  correct.  The  finest  Mules  in  the  woild 
are  sold  here  in  large  numbers  for  home  use,  while  many  are  shipped  from 
this  point  to  the  South  and  the  West  Indies.  The  market  is  more  active 
usually  during  the  Fall  and  Spring  months,  but  an  adequate  supply  may 
be  found  in  the  City  at  all  times.  Baltimore  possesses  unusual  facilities 
for  the  shipment  of  these  valuable  animals,  ano.  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
Railroad  is  at  present  perfecting  arrangements  for  the  transportation  of  live 
stock,  which  will  doubtless  create  a  large  addition  to  the  tiade.  The  Stable 
accommodations  are  admirable,  and  Western  men  have  heietofoie  shown  a 
very  decicled  preference  for  our  City. 

It  is  estimated  that  from  eighteen  to  twenty  thousand  Mules  and  Horses 
pass  through  this  market  annually,  and  with  the  increase  of  railroad  facili¬ 
ties  it  is  safe  to  predict  a  corresponding  increase  in  the  tiade. 


250 


The  Monumental  City, 


mmxmmmmi 


Nos.  6  and  S  N.  Charles  Street,  Baltimore.  IP.  H.  SADLER,  Eres’t. 


The  Cattle  Market. 


fHE  Cattle  Market  of  Baltimore  lias  long  been  famous.  The  City  occu- 
pying  as  she  does  a  central  position  on  the  Atlantic  Coast,  in  striking 
distance  of  the  various  grazing  fields  by  her  railroad  connections  and 
water  communication,  and  contiguous  to  broad  stretches  of  fertile  country* 
where  grass  and  forage  of  every  description  are  plentiful,  her  market  has 
always  been  supplied  with  superior  beeves,  hogs  and  sheep.  The  market  is 
furnished  from  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  Pennsylvania,  Tennessee,  Kentucky, 
Missouri,  Illinois,  Texas,  North  Carolina,  Indiana  and  Ohio.  The  facilities 
offered  to  drovers  in  Baltimore  are  considered  by  stockmen  from  other  cities 
the  finest  in  the  United  States,  both  as  regards  stabling  and  the  dues  re¬ 
quired  of  them.  The  trade  is  steadily  on  the  increase,  and  the  accommoda¬ 
tions  which  competing  lines  of  railroad  now  offer  will  give  it  an  impetus  in 
the  future.  We  append  the  monthly  receipts  of  live  stock  for  the  years 
1871  and  1872,  as  reported  at  the  State  Scales: 


187 

1872. 

January, 

Beeves. 

Hogs. 

Sheep. 

Beeves. 

Hogs. 

Sheep. 

5,974 

18,172 

11,175 

6,632 

29,306 

6,941 

February, 

6,758 

23,136 

16,756 

6,370 

36,099 

11,173 

March, 

3,115 

17,552 

5,351 

4,202 

27,471 

6,170 

April, 

3,983 

16,794 

7,504 

3,727 

25,419 

6,620 

May, 

3,684 

22,811 

12,598 

3,703 

27,101 

13,537 

June, 

4,318 

23,477 

9,529 

5,857 

30,684 

18,662 

July, 

5,959 

20,181 

20,313 

4,457 

24,879 

11,995 

August, 

8,341 

22,247 

17,309 

8,304 

31,729 

19,317 

September, 

12,939 

27,233 

16,370 

12,313 

36,271 

16,161 

October, 

14,432 

37,873 

20,316 

17,993 

48,975 

20,807 

JN  ovember, 

14,658 

45,811 

15,631 

9,394 

37,579 

11,628 

December, 

5,587 

27,697 

5,672 

7,450 

7,625 

37,217 

89,748 

303,284 

158,624 

90,402 

363,138 

180,228 

t 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


251 


Hotels. 


PERHAPS  no  feature  contributes  more  directly  to  the  rapid  development 
of  a  city  than  the  number,  convenience  and  comfort  of  its  Hotels. — 
Without  these  indispensable  adjuncts  it  is  like  a  well  selected  library  with 
no  means  of  access  to  the  shelves.  The  books  may  be  very  instructive  and 
entertaining  but  the  publio  will  never  discover  the  fact  by  personal  inspection. 
For  a  long  time  Baltimore  was  behind  the  spirit  of  the  age  in  this  respect. 
Her  public  houses  were  few  and  far  between,  and  partook  more  of  the  home¬ 
liness  of  the  old  road- side  inns  than  of  the  elegance  and  luxury  of  modem 
caravanseries.  Thanks  to  the  spirit  of  enterprise  which  has  manifested  itself 
in  the  Monumental  City  during  the  past  decade,  old  things  have  passed  away, 
at  least  so  far  as  they  retard  our  progress,  and  Baltimore  to-day  is  as  well  sup¬ 
plied  with  Hotels  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  her  inhabitants  as  any 
city  in  America — further,  they  are  as  splendidly  fitted  up  and  give  as  much 


GUY’S  HOTEL,  ON  THE  EUROPEAN  PLAN,  BALTIMORE. 


comfort  to  visitors.  “The  Carrollton,”  recently  erected  on  Light  Street,  with 
a  front  on  Baltimore  Street,  the  main  thoroughfare  of  the  City,  is  admirably 
located.  Situated  in  the  very  heart  of  Baltimore,  it  is  convenient  both  for 
business  and  pleasure.  Sumptuous  in  its  appointments,  it  is  furnished  with 
every  improvement  that  modern  taste  or  ingenuity  can  suggest,  and  will  com¬ 
pare  favorably  with  any  of  the  recently  constructed  Hotels  in  this  country. 
We  cite  the  Carrollton,  not  because  it  is  superior  to  others,  but  as  an  illustra¬ 
tion.  “Barnums”  is  an  old  established  house  and  has  a  cosmopolitan 
reputation.  There  is  a  number  of  other  first-class  Hotels  in  the  City  whose 
accommodations  have  proved  ample  for  all  the  demands  of  the  greatest 
exigencies  that  have  occurred  within  the  past  few  years.  Baltimore  is  well 
supplied  with  a  cheaper  class  of  Hotels,  whose  outer  finish,  interior  comforts 
and  excellent  tables,  have  earned  for  them  an  enviable  reputation  both  at  home, 
and  with  strangers. 

16 


252 


The  Monumental  City, 


This  new  and  beautiful  Hotel,  located  upon  the  site  of  the  “Old  Fountain 
Hotel/5  extended  by  an  elegant  front  on  Baltimore  Street,  is  convenient  alike 
to  the  business  man  and  the  tourist. 

It  is  the  only  Hotel  in  Baltimore  of  the  new  Style,  embracing  Elevators, 
Suits  of  Rooms,  with  Baths,  and  *all  conveniences ;  perfect  ventilation  and 
light  throughout,  and  was  planned  and  built  as  a  Hotel,  new  from  its 
foundation. 

Its  elegant  and  convenient  Office  and  Exchange  Room,  with  Telegraph,  &c., 
will  at  all  times,  be  at  the  disposal  of  the  merchants  and  citizens  of  the  City — 
its  builders. 

The  location  of  the  Ladies5  Entrance  on  Baltimore  Street,  and  the  beautiful 
Drawing  Rooms  connected  therewith,  will  give  to  families  more  than  the 
usual  degree  of  quietude  and  seclusion. 

The  undersigned  refers  to  his  career  of  over  thirty  years  as  a  Hotel  Mana¬ 
ger  in  Hew  York  and  Baltimore,  feels  confident,  that  with  a  new  and  modern 
house,  he  can  give  entire  satisfaction  to  his  guests. 


BTi  TIMORJE,  Proprietor. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  253 

The  Houses  kept  on  the  European  plan  in  this  City  are  worthy  of  special 
mention.  They  are  numerous  and  fitted  up  in  a  style  of  elegance  combined 
with  perfect  taste  which  is  really  exceptional.  Among  these  is 11  Guy’s  Monu¬ 
ment  House” — Established  at  an  early  period  in  the  history  of  Baltimore,  it 
has  steadily  preserved  its  reputation  as  a  house  where  gentlemen  are  treated  as 
though  they  were  at  their  own  homes.  The  Maryland  Club,  the  oldest  organi¬ 
zation  of  that  description  in  this  country,  was  formed  at  “  Guy’s.”  This  suffi¬ 
ciently  expresses  the  character  of  the  men  who  resorted  thither  years  ago,  and  it 
is  only  necessary  to  say  that  there  has  been  no  alteration  since  then  in  the  nature 
of  the  guests.  The  Guys  were  eminently  a  set  of  men  who  knew  how  to 
keep  a  hotel,  and  the  mantle  that  fell  from  the  shoulders  of  the  last  of  the 
name  has  been  very  creditably  worn  by  the  present  proprietor.  The  cuisine 
of  this  establishment  has  acquired  fame  in  many  portions  of  this  country,  and 
more  than  once  has  its  excellence  been  attested  by  orders  from  Europe.  A 
number  of  other  houses  conducted  upon  the  same  plan,  offer  to  visitors 
during  their  sojourn  in  our  City,  both  the  comforts  of  home  and  all  the  lux¬ 
uries  that  taste  and  money  can  supply,  while  their  moderate  charges  especially 
recommend  them  to  the  travelling  public. 


MANSION  HOUSE 

HOTEL. 

I.  ALBERTSON, 

PROPRIETOR. 

Cor.  Fayette  and  St.  Paul  Streets, 

BALTIMORE. 

Capacity ,  200  Guests. 

Persons  taking  the  City  Pas¬ 
senger  Cars,  will  ride  to  the  Cor¬ 
ner  of  St.  Paul  Street,  within  a 
few  steps  of  the  Mansion  House. 


IISTSTLR-AJST CE1  AGEHCY. 

THOMAS  E.  HAMBLETON,  Insurance  Broker, 

"Will  attend  to  obtaining  Insurance  against  Fire,  Marine  and  Life,  for  all  persons 
entrusting  their  Insurance  business  to  his  care,  without  charge  to  the  Insured  for  his  services. 
And  from  his  long  experience  as  an  Underwriter  hopes  to  give  satisfaction, in  placing  risks 
in  reliable  Companies  in  this  country  or  Europe.  Prompt  attention  given  to  all  letters 

OFFICE,  No.  10  SOUTH  STREET,  BAETIMORE. 


254 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 


MARYLAND 


OF  BALTIMOEE. 


ORGANIZED  1865. 

Office  in  Co.’s  Building,  10  South  St. 

ASSETS,  -  -  $750,000. 

Paid  up  Guarantee  Capital  $ 100,000 9  Deposited  with  the 
Treasurer  of  the  State  of  Maryland. 

JS^This  well-established  Maryland  Company  grants  Insurance  upon  Lives 
upon  all  the  most  approved  Plans,  and  at  the  Lowest  Rates  consistent  with 
undoubted  security. 

DIVIDENDS  MADE  ANNUALLY. 

GEORGE  P.  THOMAS,  President. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 


HAMILTON  EASTER, 
ALLEN  A.  CHAPMAN, 
GEORGE  P.  THOMAS, 

HUGH  SISSON, 

CHARLES 


HIRAM  WOODS, 
THOMAS  CASSARD, 
GEORGE  H.  MILLER, 
WILLIAM  DEVRIES, 
WEBB. 


A,  K.  FOARD,  Secretary. 

CLAYTON  C.  HALL,  Ass’t  Sec’y  and  Actuary. 

T.  W.  MATTHEWS,  Manager  of  Agencies. 

J.  W.  F.  HANK,  M.  D.,  Medical  Examiner. 


CHRISTOPHER  JOHNSTON,  M.  D., )  .  ...  .... 

FRANK  DONALDSON,  M.  D.,  )  Consultm2  Physl0ians 


G.  R.  VICKERS’  OFFICE  BUILDING. 


GERMAN  STREET,  NEAR  SOUTH  ST.,  BALTIMORE. 


256 


The  Monumental  City, 

INCORPORATED  1794. 


BALTIMORE  EQUITABLE  SOCIETY 


J?  O  ZEt 

INSURING  HOUSES  AND  FURNITURE  FROM  LOSS  BY  FIRE, 


Office,  No.  19  South  Street ,  Baltimore. 

This  old  and  favorite  Office  continues  to  Insure  Houses  and  Furniture  from  Loss  or 
damage  by  Fire,  by  th&  y6av,  for  a  small  premium,  or  on  the  Mutual  Plan,  perpetually  j 
and  will  also  grant  CARPENTERS’  RISKS  on  pleasing  terms. 

Persons  Insuring  their  Property  in  this  Office  on  the  Permanent  Plan  have  no  greater 
responsibility  than  the  amount  of  their  deposits. 

DIRECTORS. 

Thos.  Kelso,  Samuel  Beyan,  Samuel  Kirby,  Wm.  S.  Rayner, 

Wm.  Kennedy,  John  M.  Orem,  Wm.  E.  Hooper,  James  H.  Brown, 

Micahel  Warner,  John  R.  Kelso,  Wm.  J.  Rieman,  George  J.  Appold. 


FRANCIS  A .  CROOK,  Treas.  HUGH  B.  JONES,  Seo’v, 


Howard  Fire  Insurance  Company 

OF  BALTIMORE, 

OFFICE  N.  W.  COR,  SOUTH  AND  WATER  STREETS. 

Incorporated  1856.  Cash  Capital  $200,000. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

ANDREW  REESE,  . . President. 

Samuel  Appold,  Aaron  Fenton,  J.  Stricker  Jenkins,  Samuel  R.  Smith, 

M.  Benzinger.  Chas.  Hoffman.  James  M.  Pouder,  Jacob  H.  Taylor, 

Isaac  M.  Denson,  Sam’l  T.  Hatch,  E.  H.  Perkins,  H.  J.  Werdebaugh  . 

J.  II.  KATZEN BERGER,  Secretary. 


PEABODY  FIRE  INSURANCE  COMPANY, 

SECOND  STREET, 

ADJOINING  POSTOFFICE,  ON  THE  WEST, 

INSURES  ALL  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  BUILDINGS 


IN  THE  CITY  AND  COUNTRY, 

ANNUALLY,  OB  FOB  SHOUT  TLB  MS. 
BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

THOMAS  I.  CAREY,  President.  RICHARD  R.  POST,  Secretary. 

GALLOWAY  CHESTON,  JESSE  TYSON,  H.  D.  HARVEY, 

ENOCH  PRATT,  JOHNS  HOPKINS,  JAMES  CAREY, 

THOMAS  WHITRIDGE,  JNO.  H.  B.  LATROBE,  AUGUSTUS  KOHLER. 

WM.  KENNEDY, 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources 


257 


Baltimore  Fire  Insurance  Co. 


INCORPORATED  1807- 


S.  W.  CORNER  OF  SOUTH  AND  WATER  STS. 

Capital  paid  in, .  $200,000 

Contingent  Fund, . $200,000 

ASSETS  — Invested  in  first-class  Securities,  (1st  Sept.  1872)  $513,876 

This  Company  insures  against  LOSS  OR  DAMAGE  BY  FIRE,  in  the  city  or  country 
on  the  various  descriptions  of  Property. 

Short  insurances  are  also  made  for  any  length  of  time  desired — for  a  single  day  or  longer 
period. 

This  Company  also  issues  PERPETUAL  OR  PERMANENT  POLICIES. 

WILLIAM  G.  HARRISON,  President. 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 


GEORGE  R.  VICKERS, 

DAVID  S.  WILSON, 

JOSIAS  PENNINGTON, 
FRANCIS  T.  KING, 

HENRY  CARROLL, 

RICHARD  S.  STEUART, 
WILLIAM  II.  BRUNE, 

GEORGE  L. 


HERMAN  VON  KAPFF, 
T.  ROBERT  JENKINS, 
C.  MORTON  STEWART, 
B.  F.  NEWCOMER, 
ORVILLE  HORWITZ, 
WILLIAM  W.  TAYLOR, 
ISRAEL  COHEN, 
HARRISON. 


FREDERICK  WOODWORTH,  Secretary. 


258 


The  Monumental  City, 


Home  Fire  Insurance  Company  of  Baltimore, 

Office ,  Marble  Building,  JNo.  10  South  Street . 

Insurance  made  on  every  description  of  Property,  for  long  or  short 
Periods,  in  the  City  or  elsewhere,  on  most  favorable  Terms. 

Perpetual  Policies  granted  on  Buildings,  on  an  Economical  Plan. 

JAMES  OWENS,  Sec’y.  G.  If  ARE  AN  WILLIAMS,  l’rcsl. 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 

Hiram  Woods,  Hamilton  Easter,  O.  Diffenderffer,  George  P.  Thomas, 

John  Cugle,  Wm.  H.  Perkins,  James  Boyce,  John  Cassard, 

Lewis  Turner,  Ferdinand  Meyer,  J.  Brown  George,  Jackson  C.  Gott, 

James  L.  Barbour,  Charles  Markell,  G.  Harlan  Williams. 


PHCENIX  FIRE  INSURANCE  CO. 


d 


OFFICE,  MARBLE  BUILDING,  44  SECOND  ST. 


WM.  F.  BURNS,  Vice  Prest.  N.  P.  CAMPBELL,  Prest. 

C.  W.  RUDDACH,  Secretary. 

DIRECTORS. 


WM.  F.  BURNS,  Hon.  WM.  P.  WHYTE, 

H.  L.  WH1TRIDGE,  WM.  T.  MARKLAND, 
JOHN  J.  WIGHT,  Dr  J.  F.  M0NM0NIER, 
WM,  H.  PEROT,  ROBT.  T.  BALDWIN, 

JAS.  H.  MILLIKIN, 


WM.  R.  SEEVERS,  EDWARD  R.  LUSBY, 
ALFRED  JENKINS,  JNO.  A  HAMBLETON, 
JOHN  S  REESE,  C.  OLIVER  O’DONNELL, 
WM.  SEEMULLER,  IRVIN  C.  MILLER, 

C.  M.  HAWKINS. 


Banks  and  Bankers. 

4  -  .  .  . 

Banking  Capital  proper  of  Baltimore  is  about  fifteen  millions  of 
Hi  dollars.  Were  this  all,  our  City  would  offer  but  feeble  inducements  to 
enterprising  men  to  make  their  homes  with  ns.  Such  an  amount 
seems  totally  inadequate  to  the  necessities  of  a  great  commercial  emporium, 
and  a  weak  exhibit  when  placed  in  juxtaposition  with  the  capital  held  by 
the  Banks  of  other  cities. 

But  this  is  supplemented  in  a  variety  of  ways  which,  if  not  peculiar  to  Balti¬ 
more,  at  least  find  their  fullest  development  here.  The  private  Banking  Houses 
are  not  only  numerous,  but  solid  and  substantial.  Those  in  charge  of  them 
are,  with  scarcely  an  exception,  men  of  large  capital  and  an  extended  ex¬ 
perience,  enabling  them  to  rival  the  Banks  in  the  magnitude  of  their  opera¬ 
tions,  and  at  the  same  time  affording  the  most  ample  security  to  those  whose 
financial  agents  they  become.  There  are  no  bogus  Banks  or  Banking  Houses 
in  the  City.  While  there  are  Exchanges  for  the  convenience  of  business 
men,  and  the  transactions  of  legitimate  trade,  speculation  has  not  yet  reared 
its  front  in  our  midst,  and  “puts”  and  “calls”  are  unknown  terms  save  in 
the  vocabulary  of  curb-stone  brokers,  or  the  under  current  of  mercantile  life, 
where  obscurity  begets  immunity,  and  tends  to  the  preservation  of  that  high 
tone  which  should  always  characterize  commercial  communities. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


259 


In  addition  to  that  furnished  by  the  Banking  Houses,  a  large  amount  of 
floating  capital  in  the  hands  of  our  wealthy  citizens  is  constantly  seeking 
investment,  and  the  large  towns  of  the  State,  such  as  Frederick  and  Anna¬ 
polis,  are  supplied  with  Banks  far  beyond  the  requirements  of  the  trade  in 
those  localities.  The  surplus  capital  of  these  Banks,  and  in  fact  that  of  the 
entire  State,  seeks  Baltimore  as  its  natural  outlet,  and  in  this  manner  an 
amount  of  money  aggregating  many  millions  of  dollars  and  adequate  to  the 
wants  of  business  is  placed  in  this  market. 

The  marked  success  of  our  Banks,  their  payment  of  large  semi-annual 
dividends,  and  the  fact  that  no  failure  has  occurred  among  them  for  thirty 
years,  are  powerful  inducements  to  capitalists  from  other  sections  to  make 
similar  investments  in  this  City.  The  Banking  Institutions  and  private 
Banking  Houses  of  Baltimore  have  shown  commendable  enterprise,  especially 
in  the  buildings  they  have  erected,  and  some  of  our  handsomest  edifices, 
replete  with  architectural  adornment  and  evincing  decided  taste,  having 
been  built  to  accommodate  their  increasing  business. 

There  are  in  our  City  upwards  of  ten  Savings  Banks  and  Institutions 
embracing  the  “ Savings”  feature,  with  deposits  aggregating  nearly  twenty- 
five  millions  of  dollars.  This  is  a  creditable  showing  for  Baltimore.  These 
Banks  are  established  principally  for  the  benefit  of  the  mechanics  and  labor¬ 
ing  classes,  and  are  dependent  upon  them  for  their  success.  Such  an  exhibit 
speaks  volumes  in  behalf  of  the  thrift  and  energy  of  the  larger  class  of  our 
population  as  well  as  of  those  to  whom  they  have  trusted  their  earnings. 

CENTRAL  SAVINGS  BANK, 

S.  E.  Corner  CHARLES  &  LEXINGTON  STREETS. 


This  Savings  Bank  has  been  recently  established  in  one  of  the  most  central  and  promi¬ 
nent  business  locations  in  the  city ;  its  deposits  already  exceed  $500,000,  and  its  depositors 


number  4,814.  „  , 

The  Bank  is  conducted  exclusively  for  the  benefit  of  the  depositors — there  being  no 
Stockholders.  Four  per  cent,  is  annually  added  to  the  deposits,  and  every  three  years  the 
surplus  earnings  are  divided  among  the  depositors  making  the  aveiage  year  s  interest 
thus  far  64  per  cent,  clear  of  all  taxes. 

Sums  of  any  amount  received  daily,  between  10  and  2  o  clock,  at  the  discretion  of  the 
officers. 


FRANCIS  T.  KING,  President. 


JOHN  CURLETT,  Vice  President. 

DIRECTOES. 


GEO.  W.  CORNER, 

W.  B.  CANFIELD, 

J.  B.  SEIDENSTRICKER, 
J.  M.  OREM, 

WM.  BRIDGES, 

GEORGE  SANDERS, 


CHAS.  J.  BAKER, 
HENRY  C.  SMITH, 
FRED.  W  BRUNE, 
ROBERT  TURNER, 
WM.  NUMSEN, 


THOMAS  J.  WILSON, 
WM.  WOODWARD, 
JAMES  CAREY, 
GERMAN  H  HUNT, 
JESSE  TYSON, 


DANIEL  J.  FOLEY, 
D  L.  BARTLETT, 

J.  F.  MONMONIER, 
CHRISTIAN  AX, 
SAMUEL  APPOLD, 
HAMILTON  EASTER. 


WILLIAM  E.  COALE,  Treasurer. 


260 


The  Monumental  City, 


The  Savings  Bank  of  Baltimore. 


THE  SAVINGS  BANK  OF  BALTIMORE. 


.  The  Savings  Bank  of  Baltimore  was  organized  on  the  first  day  of  January,  1818  and 
Incorporated  at  December  session,  1818,  being  the  second  of  the  kind  formed  in  the  United 

1 he  Bank  is  empowered  to  receive  deposites  of  money  and  invest  the  same  in  public 
stocks,  or  other  securities, . and  allow  such  interest  as  may  be  directed  or  provided  by  the 
By-Laws  of  the  Corporation,  the  surplus  profits  to  be  divided  every  three  years  anions;  the 

bemgSnorStockhoklersCt°rS  tllink  Pr0Per*  r^lie  Depositors  receive  all  the  profits, [there 
thrown  bodyDireCt°rS  ^  chosen’  annually>  the  members  of  the  Corporation,  out  of 

The  Directors  have  power  to  make  such  By-Laws,  or  other  rules,  as  they  may  deem 

r 1  he  1°0IT0ratl0n  1S  prohibited  from  issuing  bills  or  notes  in  the  nature  of  Bank 
aJ\d  from  lending  any  portion  of  the  funds  to  a  Director. 

JGCt  thls  Institution  was  to  encourage  the  laboring  population,  and  all  in  mod- 

t0  Y  by  s°methmg  for  the  future,  in  the  belief,  that  the  habit  of  so 
doing  would  conduce,  not  merely  to  the  better  support  of  individuals,  and  families,  but 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Besqurces. 


261 


promote  their  moral,  as  well  as  physical  well  being.  It  is  well  known  to  those  who  have 
observed  the  operation  and  effect  of  the  Institution  on  the  welfare  of  the  community,  that 
it  has  been  the  instrument  of  enabling  many  to  become  owners  of  their  own  dwellings, 
and  that  without  involving  the  necessity  of  paying  forfeits,  or  running  into  debt. 

For  several  years  the  Bank  was  opened  only  one  day  in  the  week,  when  its  business 
was  conducted  by  the  Directors  in  person,  these  being  divided  into  committees,  and  per¬ 
forming  a  large  part  of  the  clerical  labor.  The  increase  however  in  the  number  of  Depos¬ 
itors,  and  consequent  increase  of  general  business,  has  made  it  necessary  to  employ 
permanently,  officers  and  clerks,  and  at  this  time  the  daily  services  of  a  President,  a 
Treasurer,  an  Assistant  Treasurer,  and  several  Clerks,  are  required. 

The  Depositors,  on  the  first  day  of  January,  1873,  numbered  28,635,  and  the  funds 

amounted  to  $10,735,394.  # 

The  rate  of  interest  paid  to  the  Depositors  annually  is  4  per  cent,  and  the  extra  dividends 
of  surplus  profits  have  made  the  whole  interest  distributed  more  than  6  per  cent,  as  much 
as  7i  per  cent  having  been  divided  for  the  last  six  years  to  deposits  of  one  year’s  standing. 

The  Bank  is  open  daily,  for  the  receipt  and  payment  of  deposits,  and  for  the  transaction 
of  general  business,  from  10  to  1  o’clock. 

OFFICERS. 

ARCHIBALD  STIRLING,  President.  DAVID  BALDWIN,  Treasurer. 

SAM'L  McDonald  RICHARDSON,  Assistant  Treasurer. 


Archibald  Stirling, 
Michael  Warner, 
Chauncey  Brooks, 
Deeter  Bargar, 
Edward  Kurtz, 
Galloway  Chest  on, 
William  McKim, 
William  Kennedy, 
James  I.  Fisher, 


DIRECTORS. 

Joseph  Cushing,  Jr. 
Thomas  C.  Jenkins, 
Nicholas  Popplein, 
Samuel  Kirby, 

George  S.  Brown, 
George  N.  Eaton, 
Thomas  Whitridge, 
Solomon  Corner, 


Austin  Jenkins, 
Thomas  M.  Smith, 
William  Lamping, 
Laurence  Thomsen, 
Christopher  Hinrichs, 
Enoch  Pratt, 

Henry  W.  Drakely, 
Henry  James. 


THE  FIRST  NATIONAL  BANK  OF  BALTIMORE, 

No.  8  SOUTH  GAY  STREET. 

Organized  1863.  Capital,  $1,110,000. 


DIRECTORS. 

JOHNS  HOPKINS, 

WILLIAM  J.  ALBERT, 

WILLIAM  E.  HOOPER, 

THOMAS  KELSO, 

HORACE  ABBOTT, 

SAMUEL  M.  SHOEMAKER, 

GEOGE  SMALL, 

J.  SA  URIN  NORRIS, 

THOMAS  PEIRCE. 

J  S  NOKEIS,  President.  THOMAS  KELSO,  Vice  President. 

E.  K.  HOLTZMAN,  Cashier. 


262 


The  Monumental  City, 


The  Eutaw  Savings  Bank  of  Baltimore 


The  Eutaw  Sayings  Bank  of  Baltimore  was  formally  organized  by  the  corporators  on 
the  16th  April,  1847,  by  their  acceptance  of  the  Charter  granted  at  the  December  session  of 
the  Maryland  Legislature  in  1846,  and  by  the  election  of  Directors  and  Officers. 

At  that  time  a  number  of  public  spirited  and  influential  citizens  interested  in  promoting 
the  general  welfare,  considered  that  it  was  important  to  establish  a  Bank  in  the  western 
part  of  the  city  for  the  purpose  of  benefitting  widows  and  orphans,  and  that  important 
poition  of  every  large  community,  who  desire  the  safe-keeping  and  profitable  investment 
of  their  hard  earned  and  careful  savings. 

The  Bank  was  opened  in  a  small  room  on  Baltimore  street,  near  Eutaw  street,  and  for 
man}  yeais  the  services  of  its  devoted  President,  the  late  Jesse  Hunt,  were  given  for  an 
almost  nominal  salary,  and  the  Institution  was  conducted  upon  the  most  economical 
system.  At  the  end  of  1848  its  accumulated  deposits  and  interest  amounted  to  $52,895.21. 
In  1858,  the  business  of  the  Bank  had  so  much  increased  that  it  became  necessary  to  erect 
a  building  suitable  for  its  wants,  and  adapted  for  the  proper  care  of  the  large  amount  of 
secuiities  then  in  its  keeping.  The  present  building  on  the  corner  of  Eutaw  and  Fayette 
streets  y  as  then  occupied,  and  the  popularity  of  the  Bank  continued  yearly  to  increase. 

The  accumulated  deposits  and  interest  at  the  close  of  1872  amounted  to  $4,197,901.96, 
and  the  number  of  depositors,  having  open  accounts,  to  11,585. 

B)  its  Charier,  the  Eutaw  Savings  Bank  is  prohibited  from  issuing  any  form  of  notes  or 
bills  foi  cii dilation,  and  its  By-Laws  provide  that  its  investments  shall  be  confined  to  the 

pm  chase  of  public  securities,  or  to  loans  upon  real  estate,  and  such  collaterals  as  the 
Board  of  Investment  shall  approve. 

But  in  no  instance  has  the  discounting  of  commercial  paper  been  authorized,  the  loans 
o  the  Bank  being  made  only  upon  such  securities  as  in  fact  represent  the  perpetuity  and 
prosperity  of  the  Aation  and  the  State.  Deposits  are  received  in  sums  not  less  than  one 
dollar,  and  interest  is  allowed  thereon  at  the  rate  of  4  per  cent,  per  annum.  Every  third 
year  the  surplus  profits  of  the  Bank  are  divided  among  the  Depostiors,  thus  increasing  the 
actual  interest  on  balances  remaining  on  deposit  for  three  years,  to  an  average  of  from 
6£  per  cent,  to  7  per  cent,  per  annum. 


OFFICERS. 

WM.  F.  BURNS,  President.  ROBERT  D.  BROWN,  Treasurer. 


George  Bartlett, 
William  H.  Perkins, 
J.  Harman  Brown, 
Aaron  Fenton, 
Francis  Burns, 
Henry  Snyder, 
William  J.  Rieman, 
Sam’l  R.  Smith, 


DIRECTORS. 

William  Devries, 

James  Harvey, 

1ST.  G.  Penniman, 
William  Wilson,  Jr. 
Elisha  H.  Perkins, 

Asa  Needham, 

William  F.  Burns, 
Matthew  B.  Clark, 
John  L.  Weeks. 


Francis  Dawes, 

Hy.  R.  Louderman, 
John  Cushing, 
Daniel  M.  'Thomas, 
George  P.  Thomas, 
John  Gregg, 
Alfred  Jenkins, 

A.  A.  Hack, 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources 


268 


Chartered  1810. 


CAPITAL, 

$626,750.00. 


No.  15 

South  St. 

OPPOSITE 

German  Street. 


CHAS.J.  BAKER, 

President . 

Chas.  Goodwin, 

Cashier „ 


DIRECTORS  s 

S.  SPRIGG  BELT, 
ROBERT  TURNER, 
GEORGE  SANDERS, 
GERMAN  H.  HUNT, 
WM.  SEEMULLER, 
CHARLES  WEBB, 
HUGH  SISSON. 


SAFE  DEPOSIT  VAULTS 


Of  STEEL  and  IRON, 


For  the  Safe  Keeping  of  Government  and 
other  Bonds,  Securities  or  Valuables. 


264 


The  Monumental  City, 


Western  National  Bank  of  Baltimore, 

i  7 

No.  14  Eutaw  Street. 

CHARTERED  1  CAPITAL  -  -  -  $500,000 

1835.  1  SURPLUS  -  .  170,000 


CHAUNCEY  BROOKS,  President. 

W.  H.  NORRIS,  Cashier. 


DIRECTORS : 


CHAUNCEY  BROOKS, 
FRANCIS  BURNS, 
AARON  FENTON, 

WM.  BRIDGES, 
GEORGE  BARTLETT, 
JAMES  HARVEY, 


WM.  G.  POWER, 
SAMUEL  R.  SMITH, 
WM.  F.  BURNS, 
MATTHEW  B.  CLARK, 
WALTER  B.  BROOKS, 
ROBERT  GARRETT. 


NATIONAL  UNION  BANK  OF  MARYLAND, 

AL  T  BALTIMOEE. 


CHARTERED  1804. 


Reorganized  as  a  National  Bank  1865. 

- -  . - 


Wm.  W.  Taylor,  President. 

R.  Mickle,  Cashier. 
Capital  $1,258,725. 


DIRECTORS: 


WM.  W.  TAYLOR, 

JOHN  STELLMAN, 

C.  OLIVER  O’DONNELL, 
CHARLES  W.  LORD, 
GERARD  H.  REESE, 


WM.  WOODWARD, 
LEWIS  N.  HOPKINS, 
WM.  A.  WILLIAR, 

A.  FULLER  CRANE, 
SAML.  H.  ADAMS, 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


265 


T  HE  El 

SAFE  DEPOSIT  COMPANY 

OF  BALTIMORE. 

Authorized  Capital,  $500,000.  Paid  up,  $200,000. 

Chartered  by  Special  Act  of  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of 

Maryland ,  for  the 

SAFE  KEEPING  OF  VALUABLES, 

UNDER  GUARANTEE, 

AND  THE 

Renting  of  SAFES  in  the  BURGLAR-PROOF  VAULTS 

IN  THE 

New  Marble  Fire-Proof  Building, 


CORNER  OF  SOUTH  AND  GERMAN  STREETS, 

BALTIMORE. 

THE  COMPANY  OFFERS  FOR  RENT,  RENTER  EXCLUSIVELY  HOLDING 
THE  KEY,  SAFES  INSIDE  ITS  BURGLAR-PROOF  VAULTS,  AT  10,  15, 

20,  25,  30,  35,  40  AND  60  DOLLARS  PER  ANNUM, 
ACCORDING  TO  SIZE  AND  LOCATION. 


GUARANTEE  RATES. 


Government  and  all  other  Coupon  Securities,  $1,00  per  $1,000  for  one  year. 
Government  and  all  other  Securities,  negotiable  only  by  endorsement,  50  cts.  per  $1,000 
for  one  year. 

Silver  Plate  $1.00  per  $100  for  one  year.  ^  ^ 

Deeds,  Mortgages,  Valuable  Papers  generally,  when  of  no  fixed  value,  $1.00  a  year  each, 

or  according  to  bulk.  '  rf  . 

Wills,  $5.00,  which  premium  covers  the  remainder  of  the  life  of  the  maker. 

COUPONS  YAISTD  INTEREST 

WILL  BE  COLLECTED  WHEN  DESIRED,  AND  REMITTED  TO  THE  OWNER. 


B.  F.  NEWCOMER, 
ROBERT  LEHR, 

S.  M.  SHOEMAKER, 
H.  S.  SHRYOOK, 


FRANCIS  T.  KING, 

C.  OLIVER  O’DONNELL, 
WM.  T.  WALTERS. 


B.  F.  NEWCOMER,  President. 

ROBERT  LEHR,  Vice  President.  W.  A.  WIS0N6,  Sec.  and  Treas. 


266 


The  Monumental  City, 


BANKING  HOUSE 

OIF 

JOHN  A.  HAMBLETON  &  CO. 


No.  20  SOUTH  STREET,  BALTIMORE. 


I  (  I  Ml 

-■fJ.i’iT:  I! 


ihmM 


BflNKERSSBROKERSj  JNO. A. HAMBLETON &C0. 


bankers&brqkersI 


1  Bsagi  i' 

i  g§j§^|  jSi 

yua  id 

sjjjl 

1 

in 
1 1 

Apt®! 

TRANSACT  A  GENERAL  BANKING  BUSINESS. 

RECEIVE  ACCOUNTS  of  BANKS,  BANKERS,  CORPORATIONS  and  INDI¬ 
VIDUALS,  and  allow  INTEREST  on  BALANCES. 

NEGOTIATE  LOANS  and  make  advances  on  approved  Collaterals. 

BU"\  and  SELL,  on  commission,  all  descriptions  of  Stocks,  Bonds,  and  Securities. 


MAKE  COLLECTIONS  and  remit  promptly  on  day  of  payment. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


267 


ALEXANDER  BROWN  &  SONS, 

ORGANIZED  1811, 

153  Baltimore  Street. 


BILLS  OP  EXCHANGE  ON  GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  IRELAND. 
COMMERCIAL  AND  TRAVELLING  CREDIT  ISSUED,  available  in  any 
part  of  the  world. 

TELEGRAPHIC  TRANSFERS  OF  MONEY  made  to  and  from  London 
and  Liverpool. 

ADVANCES  MADE  ON  COTTON  AND  OTHER  PRODUCE. 


JAMES  G.  WILSON,  F.  M.  COLSTON.  WM.  B.  WILSON, 

WILSON,  COLSTON  &  CO. 

BANKERS  &  BROKERS, 

Southern  Securities  a  Specialty. 

134  W.  BALTIMORE  STREET. 


LANCASTER  &  CO. 

RICHMOND,  VA. 


LANCASTER,  BROWN  &  CO. 

NEW  YORK, 


TO 


BROWN,  LANCASTER  &  CO. 

B&BS9M  AM®  BBBB1 

Itfo.  6  RIALTO  BUILDING, 

SECOND  STREET, 


BALTIMORE. 


Isaac  L.  Nicholson. 

Isaac  F.  Nicholson. 


Edwin  C.  Nicholson. 

Albert  W.  Nicholson. 


NICHOLSON  &  CO. 


Established  1832.  Baltimore, 

CORNER  EALTIMORE  AND  NORTH  STREETS, 

Receive  Deposit  Accounts,  make  Collections,  and  Buy  and  Sell  all  kinds  of  Stocks  and 
Bonds  on  the  most  favorable  terms. 

17 


268 


The  Monumental  City, 


JOHNSTON  BROTHERS  &  CO. 


198  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

i 

BALTIMORE. 


Transact  a  General  Banking  Business, 

Receive  Deposits,  subject  to  Sight  Check, 

Loan  Money— Make  Collections, 

Buy  and  Sell  Bonds  and  Stocks,  on  commission, 

in  all  the  markets, 

Negotiate  Railway  and  other  Loans, 

Draw  Sterling  Exchange  and  Francs,  in  sums 

to  suit. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


269 


MCKIM  &  CO. 

BANKERS, 

CORNER  BALTIMORE  AND  ST.  PAUL  STREETS, 

Transact  a  General  Banking  Business,  and  Buy  and  Sell  STOCKS,  BONDS  GOLD 
<fcc.,  on  Commission,  in  this  and  other  markets. 

FIRST-CLASS  SECURITIES  offered  at  all  times  to  those  having  funds  to  invest. 
Particular  attention  given  to  COLLECTION  OP  COMMERCIAL  PAPER  and 
returns  made  on  day  of  payment.  ’ 

Deposits  received  subject  to  Sight  Checks,  the  same  as  on  Banks,  and  INTEREST 
ALLOWED  under  special  agreement. 

Sterling  Bills  of  Exchange  drawn  in  sums  to  suit . 

ROBERT  GARRETT  &  SONS, 

7  South  Street, 

BALTIMORE, 

Make  advances  on  approved  Collaterals . 

Deal  in  Sterling  Exchange . 

Allow  Interest  on  Deposits .  Make  Collections . 
Negotiate  Railway  and  other  Loans  and  Commercial 
Paper. 

Buy  and  Sell  Stocks  and  Bonds  on  Commission. 


WM.  FISHER  &  SONS, 


V 


STOCK  AND  NOTE  BROKERS 


South  Street,  opposite  Second  Street, 


BALTIMORE, 

Buy  and  Sell  Stocks,  Bonds,  &c.,  in  this  and  the  Eastern  and  Southern 
markets  on  Commission  or  on  Direct  Offerings,  by  telegram  or  letter . 
Stocks  and  Bonds  carried  for  any  length  of  time  on  Margin. 
Money  Advanced  on  Collateral  Security.  Deposits 
received  subject  to  Check,  and  Interest  allowed. 
Correspondence  solicited  and  detailed  information  cheerfully  given. 


270 


The  Monumental  City, 

ORGANIZED  1828. 

Exchange  and  Deposit  Bank. 
J.  J.  NICHOLSON  &  SONS, 

No.  284  Baltimore  Street, 

BETWEEN  HANOVEB  AND  SHARP  STREETS, 

Personal  attention  given  to  the  SALE  OR  PURCHASE  of  all  kinds  of 

STOCKS  AND  BONDS. 

Buy  Commercial  Paper, 

Make  Collections  Promptly, 

Roan  on  Collaterals, 

Receive  Deposits, 

Discount  Daily, 

Issue  CERTIFICATES  OF  DEPOSIT  bearing  Interest . 

Pay  Advanced  Prices  for  LAND  WARRANTS. 

J.  J.  Nicholson.  Ciias.  G.  Nicholson.  J.  H.  R.  Nicholson.  Andw.  J.  Nicholson. 

CLABAUGH,  NELSON  &  GO. 


Huy  and  Sell  Stocks,  Bonds,  Cold  and 
Governments  on  Commission. 

Special  attention  given  to  the  Negotiation  of  Commercial  Paper. 

No.  144  West  Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore. 
INTEREST  ALLOWED  ON  DEPOSITS. 

FRANCIS  B.  LONEY, 

N.  W.  corner  Holliday  and  Second  Streets,  in  Basement. 

SPECIALTY : 

commercial  paper  negotiated. 

Investment  Securities  of  every  kind  Bought,  Sold  &  Exchanged. 

Investors  can  frequently  save  themselves  from  loss  and  INCREASE 
THEIR  INCOMES  by  consulting  as  to  CHANGING  their  Securities. 

ALL  SUBSCRIPTION  BONDS  on  this  or  the  New  York  market  fur¬ 
nished  on  the  most  favorable  terms. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


271 


The  National  Bank  of  Baltimore, 

CORNER  OF  SAINT  PAUL  AND  BALTIMORE  STREETS. 

Chartered  by  State  of  Maryland  1796.  Organized  as  a  National  Bank  1865. 

CAPITAL,  $1,210,700. 

HENRY  A.  THOMPSON,  President.  J.  THOMAS  SMITH,  Cashier. 

DIRECTOBS. 

HENRY  A.  THOMPSON,  THOMAS  M.  SMITH, 

WILLIAM  KENNEDY,  0.  MORTON  STEWART, 

DAVID  S.  WILSON,  ALEX’R  E.  MURDOCH, 

BOUDINOT  S.  LONEY. 


Executive  Officers  since 
President. 

GEORGE  SALMON,  Elected  1796 
WILLIAM  WILSON,  “  1807 

JOHN  STRICKER,  “  1824 

WILLIAM  LORMAN,  “  1825 

JAMES  H.  McCULLOH,  “  1841 

C.  C.  JAMISON,  “  1853 

HENRY  A.  THOMPSON,  “  1863 


its  Organization  in  1796. 

Cashier. 

JAMES  COX,  -  Elected  1796 
C.  C.  JAMISON,  -  “  1841 

PATRICK  GIBSON,  “  1853 

J.  THOMAS  SMITH,  “  1868 


THE 

Central  National  Bank  of  Baltimore. 

ORGANISED  1871.  CASH  CAPITAL,  $200,000. 

u.  s.  GOVERNMENT  AND  U.  S.  COURT  DEPOSITORY. 

TSTo.  5  South.  Street, 

BALTIMORE. 


JAMES  O’CONNOR,  President.  CHAS.  H.  PITTS,  Asst.  Cashier. 

DIRECTORS. 

JAMES  O’CONNOR,  EDWARD  M.  HARDY, 

ISAAC  BROOKS,  Jr.,  EDWARD  G.  McDOWELL, 

Gen.  JESSE  LAZEAR. 


272 


The  Monumental  City, 

THE 

MERCHANTS’  NATIONAL  BANK 

OF  BALTIMORE. 

CAPITAL,  $1,600,000. 


DIVIDENDS  PAYABLE  JANUARY  AND  JULY. 

Johns  H  opkins,  President. 

David  A.  Jones,  Cashier. 

DIRECTORS. 

JOHNS  HOPKINS,  ALEXANDER  H.  STUMP, 

WILLIAM  H.  GRAHAM,  JOHN  M.  OREM, 

HORATIO  L.  WHITRIDGE,  WILLIAM  H.  BALDWIN,  Jr. 

ROBERT  A.  FISHER. 

*  

Geo.  Wm.  Brown.  F.  W.  Brune.  Stewart  Brown.  Arthur  Geo.  Brown. 

BROWN  Sc  BRUNE, 

ATTORNEYS  ANJO  COUNSELLORS  JIT  LAW, 

No.  40  ST.  PAUL  STREET. 

J.  MORRISON  HARRIS, 

ATTORNEY  .INI!  COUNSELLOR  AT  LAW*, 

LAW  BUILDING, 

BALTIMORE. 

SLINGLUFF  Sc  SLINGLUFF, 
Attorneys  at  Law, 

BALTIMORE  AlIND  TOWSONTOWN. 

C.  Bohn  Slingluff,  Fielder  C.  Slingluff, 

Towsontown.  48£  St.  Paul  Street,  Baltimore. 

JAMES  W.  DENNY, 

Attorney  at  Law, 

Wo.  31  ST.  PAUL  STREET,  BALTIMORE. 

Practices  in  all  the  Courts  of  the  State.  Special  attention  given  to  the  collection  of 
claims  in  all  the  States  of  the  Union. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Kesources 


273 


NOAH  WALKER.  S.  HAMILTON  CAEGHEY.  N.  W.  CAEGHEY. 


NOAH  WALKER  &  CO. 


WASHINGTON  BUILDINGS 


165  Sc  167  "W.  BALTIMORE  STREET 


274 


The  Monumental  City, 


North  German  Lloyd  Steamship  Line 

BETWEEN 

Baltimore,  Southampton  and  Bremen. 


The  magnificent  new  A1  Iron  Mail  Steam  Ships 


BALTIMORE,  -  2,500  Tons, 

OHIO,  -  -  -  2,500  “ 

BRAUNSCHWEIG,  3,000  “ 


BERLIN,  -  -  2,500  Tons, 

LEIPZIG,  -  -  2,500  “ 

NURNBERG,  -  3,000  “ 


Run  regularly  betiveen  the  above  Ports,  as  follows: 


FROM  BREMEN  EVERY  ALTERNATE  TUESDAY, 

“  SOUTHAMPTON  “  FRIDAY, 

“  BALTIMORE  “  SATURDAY, \ 


For  Freight  or  Passage  apply  to 

A.  SCHUMAOHEK  &  00.,  Agents, 

9  South  Charles  St,,  JBaltimore. 


ALLAN  STEAM  SHIP  LINE 


BETWEEN 

Baltimore,  Halifax,  St.  Johns,  N.  F.,  Queenstown  &  Liverpool. 

The  magnificent  A1  Iron  Mail  Steam  Ships 


HIBERNIAN,  -  -  3,500  Tons, 

CASPIAN,  -  -  3,200  «  ' 

MANITOBAN,  -  -  3,000  “ 

AUSTRIAN,  -  2,700  “ 

NESTORIAN,  -  -  2,700  “ 


MORAVIAN,  -  -  2,700  Tons, 

PERUVIAN,  -  2,600  “ 

NOVA  SCOTIAN,  -  2,300  « 

CORINTHIAN,  -  2,000  “ 

NORTH  AMERICAN,  2,000  “ 


Run  regularly  between  the  above  Ports,  as  follows : 

FROM  LIVERPOOL  EVERY  ALTERNATE  TUESDAY, \ 

“  BALTIMORE  “  WEDNESDAY, \ 

For  Freight  or  Passage  apply  to 

A.  SCHUMACHER  &  00.,  Agents, 

9  South  Charles  St.,  Baltimore* 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


275 


Boston  Steamship  Company 

BOSTON  AND  PROVIDENCE. 


STEAMERS: 

GEORGE  APPOLD,  WM.  CRANE, 

WM.  LAURENCE,  McOLELLAN, 

BLACKSTONE,  WM.  KENNEDY. 

JOHNS  HOPKINS, 

Tlie  above  elegant  and  commodious  Steamers  will  sail  Tri-Weekly  from  Baltimore  for 
Boston  and  Providence  via  Norfolk. 


Fare  to  Boston,  including  Meals  and  State-Room,  $15. 
Providence,  “  “  “  12. 

Capacity  of  the  seven  Steamers  100,000  Ibis.  Tonnage  1,000  to  1,800  tons  each . 

For  Freight  or  Passage  apply  on  Board,  or  to 

_A_.  Tj.  HUGGINS, 

Boston  Wharf,  Foot  of  Long  Dock. 


THE  BALTIMORE  STEAM  PACKET  COMPANY 

STEAMERS 

LOUISIANA,  GEO.  LEARY,  ADELAIDE,  TRANSIT,  ROANOKE,  SEABOARD. 

Throuqh  Passenger  and  Freight  Line ,  in  connection  with  the  Seaboard  and  Roanoke  Rail¬ 
road  at  Portsmouth ,  and  with  the  Atlantic ,  Mississippi  and  Ohio  Railroad  at  Norfolk, 

FOR  THE  SOUTH  AND  SOUTH-WEST. 

Tkrousdi  Tickets  and  Baggage  Checks  and  Through  Bills  of  Lading  for  Freight  to  all 
points  South  and  South-Weit.  MAIL  STEAMERS  leave  daily  (Sundays  excepted)  at  4 
P.  M.  FREIGHT  dispatched  twice  daily.  Passengers  by  this  line  enjoy  a  night  s  rest, 
unsurpassed  State-Room  and  Saloon  accommodations  and  an  excellent  Table,  and  con¬ 
nect  with  Fast  Express  Trains,  making  this  the  most  agreeable  route  to  the  South. 

Baggage  Checked  from  Hotels  and  Residences  by  application  at  No.  lot 

w,  Baltimore  street,  EmMET  BROWN,  General  Ticket  Agent. 


THOMAS  E.  DELL. 


THEODORE  KNAPP. 


DELL,  KNAPP  Sl  CO. 

STEAM  BOOKBINDERY, 

-  -  ’  -  BALTIMORE. 


84  West  Fayette  St.,  bet.  Charles  &  Liberty, 


Bindings  in  Roxburg ,  Oxford,  Turkey,  Calf,  Antique,  Russia,  Muslin,  &c.  Also,  Lancy, 
y  paw  and  Music.  Whole  Editions  of  Books  Bound  m  every  style. 

At  Lowest  Prices  and  with  Despatch. 

THOS.  E.  DELL  «£  SON, 

BLANK  BOOK  MANUFACTURERS  AND  BOOK  BINDERS, 

OVER  NO.  6  N.  HOWARD  STREET,  BALTIMORE. 


276 


The  Monumental  City, 


“Teach  them  that  which  they  will 
Practice  when  they  become  MSU. 


THE  BRYANT, 
STRATTON  &  SADLER 


/;?  Nos. S&8N. CHARLES  STREET, 


BALTIMORE. 


& 


'<<  < 


\)&h 


-DAY  BOOK 


bSALES  BOOKi 


Organized  and  devoted  entirely  to 
preparing 

yOUNG  jj-ENTLEMEN 

To  become  tnorougk 

practical  Mccomitants 

AND 

Successful  Business  Men. 


CASH  BOOK 
JOURNAL 


THERE  ARE  NO  VACATIONS. 


.EPGERUfi 


STUDENTS  CAN  ENTER  AT  ANY  TIME. 


Night  Session  commences  Oct.  i,  1873, 

And  continues  in  session  until  April  1,  1874. 

.  r^^ie  Business  Department  of  this  Institution  is  most  thorough  and  prac¬ 
tical.  Consignments  of  Merchandise  are  daily  received  and  Shipments  made. 
Exchange  Bought  and  Sold.  Drafts  and  Collections  upon  all  the  principal 
cities  of  the  United  States  and  Canadas.  The  public  are  invited,  to  call  and 
examine  the  workings  of  the  College,  which  will  convince  the  most  skeptical 

of  the  importance  of  young  men  attending  our  institution.  For  College 
Documents,  address 

W.  H.  SADLER,  President, 

Nos.  6  &  8  N.  diaries  Street, 

BALTIMORE. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


277 


PEMBROKE  SCHOOL  FOR  BOYS  &  YOUNG  MEN 

PROF.  JAS.  C.  KINEAR,  A.  M.,  PRINCIPAL. 

For  further  particulars  see  page  175. 


This  Seminary  of  learning,  instituted  for  the  liberal  education  of  young  ladies,  was 
incorporated  in  1849,  with  authority  to  confer  degrees,  and  was  liberally  endowed  by  the 
State  of  Maryland  in  1860. 

There  are  two  departments  of  instruction,  the  Preparatory  Department,  for  young 
misses  and  the  Collegiate  Department,  for  young  ladies.  In  the  latter  are  conferred 
the  degrees  of  Baccalaurea  Literarum,  Baccalaurea  Artium,  and  Magistra 

Artium 

Among  its  educational  facilities  the  College  has  a  well-selected  library  of  8,750  volumes, 
chemical  and  philosophical  apparatus,  including  a  good  telescope,  presented  by  Geo.  W. 
Childs,  Esq.,  of  Philadelphia,  a  painting  gallery,  and  cabinets  of  minerals,  coins,  medals 

and  copies  of  antique  gems.  ,  .  ...  .  ..  ,  -p0  , 

In  a  few  months  the  College  will  be  removed  to  Park  Place,  at  the  intersection  of  Park 

and  North  avenues,  where  extensive  buildings  are  being  erected  for  its  accommodation. 
These  are  beautifully  situated  in  a  grove  on  a  lofty  eminence  that  commands  a  view  of 
the  country  around,  of  the  city,  and  the  river  and  bay  for  many  miles.  There  are  shady 
walks  for  exercise,  and  various  arrangements  will  be  made  for  recreation  and  amusement, 
which  with  pure  refreshing  breezes  from  the  adjacent  country,  will  render  it  both  healthy 
and  attractive  to  the  pupils.  The  buildings  will  embrace  all  the  modern  improvements 
for  heating  and  ventilation,  and  will  have  study,  recitation,  and  music  rooms,  separate,  with 
every  convenience  for  boarding  and  day  pupils. 


FACULTY  OF  INSTRUCTION. 


Prof.  N.  C.  Brooks,  LL.D.,  An.  Languages. 
Prof.  W.  C.  Robinson,  A.M.}Mat7iem'cs,  Ac. 
Prof.  Felix  Aucaigne,  French. 

Prof.  A.  T.  Volck,  Painting. 

Prof.  C.  Gola,  Piano  and  Singing. 


Miss  Luella  Kelly,  Belles-Lettres. 

Miss  Fannie  E.  Jessie,  Mathematics. 

Miss  L.  A.  Maddox,  Vocal  Music. 

Mrs.  E.  A.  Polster,  Piano  and  Guitar. 
Miss  Emma  Polster,  Piano . 


For  catalogues  containing  full  information  as  to  regulations,  tuition,  boarding,  &c. 


Address 


N.  C.  BROOKS,  LL.D.,  President. 


278 


The  Monumental  City, 


Established  1842. 


JA JA^s.  ^ilson  JA.  J^ary,  1 
JVLf^s.  Gen.  John  Pegf^am,  j  ^ 


RINCIPALS. 


JA  F^S.  jjrEN .  jJoHN  ^EGF^AM, 

197  &l  199  N.  Charles  Street, 

Two  squares  distant  from  the  Washington  Monument.  BALTIMORE. 


Cooperage  Stores. 


PREVIOUS  to  the  war  the  business  in  Cooperage  could  not  be  called 
Jl  extensive,  but  since  1861  it  has  been  constantly  increasing  in  this  City. 
Jp'’  A  large  proportion  of  the  Oil,  Pork,  Syrup,  Beef  and  Whiskey  Barrels 
used  in  this  and  neighboring  cities  is  made  here  of  materials  from  West 
Virginia  and  Pennsylvania.  Whiskey,  Pork  and  Lard  Tierces  are  shipped 
to  Eastern  cities  in  large  quantities.  Flour  and  Sugar  Barrels,  made  of 
materials  from  Ohio  and  Michigan,  are  consumed  principally  by  the  mills 
and  refineries  in  this  vicinity.  The  demand  for  these  articles  keeps  in  con¬ 
stant  operation  four  factories,  besides  a  number  of  smaller  establishments 
which  employ  from  800  to  1,000  operatives.  One  single  House  in  our  City 
aggregated  more  than  $600,000  in  its  business  during  the  past  year.  Barrels* are 
sent  in  large  quantities  to  Wilmington,  A.  C.,  and  other  Southern  ports  for  the 
shipment  of  Turpentine.  Cooperage  for  the  West  Indies  is  largely  exported 
from  Baltimore.  During  1872,  300,000  Shooks,  and  upwards  of  2,000,000 
Hoops  were  shipped  to  those  Islands  and  South  American  ports,  and  consid¬ 
erable  demand  has  sprung  up  for  Molasses  Shooks  and  Hogsheads  from  the 
Eastern  cities.  They  are  made  in  the  mountains  of  Pennsylvania  and  West 
Virginia  for  Houses  in  this  City,  and  are  brought  here  over  the  different 
railways.  The  Trade  is  rapidly  increasing  and  the  facilities  possessed  by 
Baltimore  preclude  a  diminution  in  the  future. 

KIMBALL,  SHAFFAR  &  CO. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

!g»i?  aai  SFigM  Saraels* 

AND  DEALERS  IN  COOPERAGE  STOCK. 

ALSO, 

FROFRIETORS  STEAM  BARBEL  FACTORIES , 

PENNSBORO,  W.  VA.,  AND  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

Office  Corner  Canton  and  Central  Avenues, 

n  m-  i  +  -n  !  BALTIMORE. 

Capacity,  Tight  Barrels . 100,000  per  annum. 

“  Slack  “  . 500,000  “ 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


279 


CHOICE  LOTS  FOR  SUBURBAN  RESIDENCES, 

On  Graded  Avenues ,  66  feet  wide , 

FOR  SALE  OR  LEASE  AT  HIGHLAND  PARK. 

Gas,  "Water  and  Two  Hines  of  Passenger  Railroads. 

Apply  to  CLENDINEN  &  WILSON, 

Attorneys  at  Law,  No.  54  Lexington  St.,  cor.  Charles  St. 


[From  the  Baltimore  Saturday  Night  of  May  3,  1873.] 

SUBURBAN  IMPROVEMENTS— HIGHLAND  PARK. 

It  is  questionable  if  there  is  any  city  within  the  United  States  surpassing  Baltimore  in 
her  suburban  advantages.  This  is  not  only  the  opinion  of  our  own  citizens,  but  it  has 
been  freely  and  frequently  expressed  by  visitors  (strangers)  from  almost  every  part  of  the 
world.  Having  been  ourselves  residents  of  Baltimore  for  many  years,  and  noticed  with 
especial  interest  her  expansion  into  the  surrounding  country,  particularly  in  northerly, 
northwesterly,  westerly  and  easterly  directions,  we  are  not  surprised,  considering  all 
these  inducements,  but  gratified  that  such  should  have  been  the  case.  . 

rpj}02'0  indeed,  scarcely  a  limit  to  our  growth  as  a  centralizing  and  radiating  com¬ 
mercial  metropolis.  It  is  only  surprising  these  suburban  attractions  were  not  long  ago 
more  thoroughly  appreciated  and  availed  of.  Fortunes  were  lying  in  them  comparatively 
dormant  equal  to  gold  mines,  waiting  only  development  through  energy  and  enterprise  to 
insure  actual  realization.  Fortunately,  however,  for  a  considerable  number  ot  oui  citizens,- 
they  had  forecast  sufficient  to  see  what  was  in  the  future,  and  boldness  enough  to . embrace 
opportunities  thus  offered.  By  so  doing  some  have  already  become  millionaires,  and 
others  are  on  the  easy  road  to  fortune.  Scarcely  an  instance  can  be  recalled  within  the 
oast  twenty-five,  thirty  or  more  years,  where  investments  were  made  either  m  improved 
or  unimproved  property,  bordering  inside  upon  the  city  limits  or  outside  her  boundaries, 
extending  far  out  into  Baltimore  County,  that  it  did  not  rapidly— almost  fabulously— 
advance  substantially  in  value,  making  fortunate  purchasers  rich.  The  fact  is-has  been 
over  and  over  again  practically  demonstrated — that  fortunes,  to  a  greater  01  less  exten  , 
have  been  more  rapidly,  surely,  and  more  easily  accumulated  m  this  way  than  by  any 
other  means.  It  is  free  from  all  risk,  and  time,  without  labor,  care  or  anxiety,  adds  value 
to  such  investments  with  each  passing  month  and  year.  Numerous  instances,  surprising  m 
themselves,  could  be  adduced  to  prove  what  we  assert.  Many  of  our  friends,  ve  gladly 
know  have  thus  been  successful.  We  could,  if  necessary,  name  them  by  scores,  and 
trace  their  successes  almost  exclusiuely  to  speculations  of  the  soit  here  mentionot . 

It  is  evident  that  the  increased  and  increasing  population  ot  Baltimore,  the  inevitable 
tendency  of  trade  and  business  towards  her  existing  limits,  must  m  time  disagreeably 
encroach  upon  present  resident  localities.  This  being  the  case,  persons  will  gradua  y 
feel  inclined  to  locate  farther  out,  as  many  are  now  doing,  choosing  country  villas  as  moie 
agreeable  Within  our  own  recollection  this  principle  has  realized  most  positive  verinca- 
KL  Beautiful  little  towns  and  elegant  villas— magnificent  improvements  indeed— have 
gone  up  where  not  long  r^>  farms,  barren  fields,  hunting  grounds  and  unsightly  prospects 

WWe°mihu  present  numerous  instances  in  proof  of  what  is  above  asserted  but  at  present 
refer  more  especially  to  one  as  an  example,  challenging  emulation.  It  is  the  enterpr ise  of 
MessiS  Thomas  R.  Clendinen  and  Charles  G.  Wilson,  representatives  of  the  Chesapeake 

Land  and  Loan  Company,  the  Franklin  Land  and  Loan  Company,  and  the  Lexingt 

Savinas  Bank  and  Loan  Company,  who.  by  their  enterprise,  their  young  active  energy 
savings  Bank  an  J,‘  mulish  improvements  simi  ar  to  those  now  existing 

wilhTnTe^Ses^ of  "  New  Yo  k  ’  Philadelphia,  Chicago,  and  other  large  cities. 

srrsri.  wwfcras  “  “ 

K! The  locality^  whichTe  here  refer? andThe  scene  of  operations  embarked  in  by  these 


280 


The  Monumental  City, 

Calverton  and  Powhatan  railroad,  which  leaves  our  city  at  the  head  of  Baltimore  street, 
and  by  the  Baltimore  and  Randallstown  railway,  running  from  Pennsylvania  avenue  and 
Baker  street.  The  first  named  road  skirts  along  the  western  front  of  the  property  a  dis, 
tance  of  more  than  4,000  feet,  and  the  last  through  the  centre  of  the  park  4,500  feet.  The 
entire  park  has  been  laid  out  in  lots  twenty -five  feet  front,  with  a  depth  of  160  feet.  Parties 
desiring  to  purchase,  lease  or  improve,  can  procure  one  or  more  lots  adjoining  on  advan¬ 
tageous  terms.  It  is  the  object  of  the  holders  to  offer  such  inducements  as  will  meet  a 
ready  response. 

This  is  the  most  extensive,,  complete,  and  inviting  suburban  improvement  of  its  kind 
ever  undertaken  within  Baltimore’s  vicinity,  and  promises  great  success.  The  first  spade 
was  struck  29th  August,  1872,  and  now,  less  than  nine  months,  some  12,000  feet  of  ave¬ 
nues  sixty-six  feet  wide  have  been  graded,  planted  with  silver  and  sugar  maples,  white 
poplar  and  other  trees.  Gas  works  capable  of  supplying  as  large  a  quantity  as  is  used  in 
Hagerstown  have  been  erected,  and  a  dozen  handsome  villas,  varying  in  value  from  $6,000 
to  $12,000,  have  been  built,  each  of  different  design  and  style  of  architecture.  All  are 
furnished  throughout  with  modern  conveniences  of  gas,  water,  baths,  ranges,  furnaces, 
maible  mantles,  etc.  They  are  substantial,  airy,  well  ventilated,  well  lighted,  commodi¬ 
ous,  elegantly  ornamented,  and  finished  in  a  superior  style.  Each  one  is  advantageously 
located.  The  plan  of  the  park,  as  also  that  of  the  building  operations,  is  admirable. 


Established  1850. 

The  Leading 

pRiNTiNrq 

Establishment 

IN 

Baltimore. 


;INNES&COMPANY£ 

_ - l  .  - K 


Adams  Express  Building, 

164 

Baltimore  Street.  Baltimore. 

A.  L.  Innes,  Jb. 

J.  Newton  Gregg. 


Knabe  &  Co. 

PIANO-FORTE  MANUFACTURERS, 

Ware-Rooms,  No.  350  West  Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore. 

112  FIFTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


281 


CANTON, 


fHE  Canton  Company,  by  reason  of  its  varied  and  extensive  powers  as  a 
Corporation,  its  wonderful  development  and  its  future  prospects,  is 
entitled  to  special  mention  in  any  article  professing  to  give  a  history  of 
the  resources  of  Baltimore  City.  The  Company  was  organized  in  1828, 
under  a  charter  granted  by  the  State  of  Maryland,  giving  the  Corporation 
the  right  to  hold  land  to  the  extent  of  ten  thousand  acres,  and,  to  use  the 
language  of  the  fourth  section  of  the  Act  itself,  “to  improve  in  such  manner 
as  may  be  conformable  to  the  laws  of  the  State,  any  lands  which  shall  belong 
to  said  Company,  by  laying  out  streets,  &c.,  in  the  vicinity  of  Baltimore  on 
or  near  navigable  water,  and  erecting  and  constructing  wharves,  slips,  work¬ 
shops,  factories,  stores,  dwellings  and  such  other  buildings  and  improve¬ 
ments  as  may  be  deemed  necessary,  ornamental  and  convenient.” 

Forty-five  years  ago  this  Company  commenced  operations.  At  the  moment 
the  community  was  not  ripe  for  an  enterprize  which  comprehended  within 
its  scope  such  vast  improvements  and  that  was  likely  in  its  developments  to 
exceed  any  organization  of  a  similar  character  in  the  country.  Able  and 
energetic  men  connected  themselves  with  the  Corporation;  persons  whose 
foreknowledge  looked  beyond  the  mere  hour  and  its  necessities  and  saw  in 
the  struggles  of  the  youthful  City  the  elements  of  a  great  emporium;  men 
who  discovered  in  Baltimore  at  that  early  period  the  materials  for  future 
growth,  and  a  destiny  not  dreamed  of  in  the  most  sanguine  imaginings  of  her 
very  worthy  but  somewhat  sluggish  citizens.  Their  enterprize  and  energy 
have  already  reaped  for  them  golden  rewards,  scarcely  comparable,  however, 

with  those  which  await  them  in  the  future. 

Contrary  to  the  general  law  which  has  obtained  in  the  development  of 
cities,  (which  usually  leads  them  to  spread  in  the  direction  of  the  M  est  and 
Northwest,)  Baltimore  at  an  early  period  exhibited  a  capacity  for,  and .  a 
tendency  to,  expansion  in  the  East  certainly  equal  to  that  obseivable  in 
either  of  the  other  sections.  The  spirit,  too,  which  had  originally  created 
distinct  towns  on  the  opposite  side  of  Jones’  Falls  was  still  at  work,  and  the 
rivalry  thus  established  was  entirely  favorable  to  the  growth  of  the  City  as  a 

whole. 

The  topographical  features  of  the  eastern  section  were  similar  to  those  m 
the  west  and  northwest.  A  beautifully  undulating  country  ofteied  to 
builders  and  those  in  search  of  residences,  eligible  sites  in  either  locality,  and 
Canton  in  the  east  possessed  the  additional  advantage  of  a  magnificent 
expanse  of  water  front,  the  natural  haven  of  the  shipping,  and  with  accom¬ 
modations  ample  for  an  almost  indefinite  increase  of  commerce.  The  Canton 
Company  were  not  slow  to  avail  themselves  of  these  advantages.  They 
bought  lands  and  water-fronts  and  erected  houses. 


282 


The  Monumental  City, 


There  came  a  period  of  stagnation.  The  enterprize  languished,  and  the 
hopes  of  its  well-wishers  were  dampened.  Some  imagined  that  the  fore- 
sliadowings  of  Baltimore’s  future  greatness  were  illusory,  others  that  the 
opportunity  had  not  yet  presented  itself,  and  that  its  founders  had  better 
await  a  more  convenient  season.  The  corporators  were  undismayed.  New 
and  vigorous  elements  were  introduced  into  the  management.  Land  in  and 
about  Canton  was  purchased  whenever  thrown  upon  the  market — wharves 
were  constructed — factories  and  warehouses  built — streets  were  laid  out, 
graded,  and  paved,  until  a  vast  extent  of  waste  common  was  transformed  into 
a  busy  and  prosperous  City.  The  community,  slow  to  realize  improvement 
in  any  shape,  began  to  be  attracted  by  this  thriving  seat  of  factories,  dwell¬ 
ings  and  commercial  enterprizes  which  appeared  to  have  sprung  from  the 
very  bowels  of  the  earth. 

They  at  length  discovered  that  a  great  work  had  been  quietly  accomplished 
in  their  midst,  but  not  before  capitalists  from  a  distance  had  been  interested 
by  the  sturdy  determination  of  the  Canton  Company,  and  after  a  careful 
examination  of  the  progress  and  design  of  the  work,  these  latter  did  not  hesi¬ 
tate  to  embark  in  it  their  capital.  The  stock  of  the  Company  appreciated 
rapidly,  and  after  a  series  of  years  the  foresight  of  its  projectors  was  abun¬ 
dantly  rewarded  and  their  judgment  completely  vindicated. 

To-day  the  Canton  Company  owns  2,800  acres  of  land,  comprising  18,000 
building  lots — laid  out  20  by  100  feet — many  of  them  binding  on  streets 
graded  and  paved,  with  water  and  gas  convenient,  part  within  the  city  limits 
and  part  without,  in  Baltimore  County,  on  shelled  roads  or  streets ;  also  a  wharf 
property  and  water  front  of  20,000  feet,  with  a  depth  of  water  from  16  to  26 
feet. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  factories  and  industrial  enterprizes  in  active  opera¬ 
tion  on  the  Company’s  grounds,  together  with  the  number  of  hands  employed 
in  each: 


No.  Hands. 


No.  Hands. 


12  Oyster  and  Fruit  Packing  Houses,  2,500 

1  Stone  Cutting  Yard .  60 

2  Stove  and  Hollow  "Ware  Foun¬ 

dries .  200 

1  Suear  Refinery .  40 

1  Fruit  and  Oyster  Can  Factory...,  60 

1  Rolling  Mill .  1,000 

1  Axe  Handle  Factory .  50 

1  Dredging  Company .  100 

1  Transfer  Company . 

2  Chemical  Works . 

1  Car  Wheel  Foundry .  250 

7  Brick  Yards .  2,000 

2  Steam  Saw  Mills .  40 

1  Agricultural  Work .  30 


1  Sash  Factory  and  Planing  Mill .  25 

1  White  Lead  Work,  (just  started).... 

3  Iron  Smelting  Furnaces .  150 

1  Copper  Smelting  Furnace .  250 

1  Bridge  Builder  and  Machinist .  160 

3  Distilleries . 

8  Coal  Oil  Refineries,  (with  capacity 

for  refining  5,000  bbls.  per  week)  75 

6  Lager  Beer  Breweries .  60 

1  Packing  Box  Factory .  10 

1  Ship  Yard . 

4  Fertilizing  .Manufactories .  45 

3  Lime  Burners . 30 

1  Cotton  Batting  Factory .  20 

1  Furniture  and  Wooden  Ware  Fac’y  300 


Isote.  In  an  article  in  another  part  of  this  volume  the  Canton  Company  was  unintentionally  mentioned,  in 
enumerating  the  extent  of  the  manufacture  of  Bricks  in  the  city.  This  was  an  error.  Without  the  mention  of 
the  Brick-Yards  at  Canton,  the  summing  up  on  page  248  will  be  correct. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  288 

A  number  of  enterprises  have  been  established  since  the  foregoing  statistics 
were  compiled,  and  the  employees  and  residents  have  vastly  increased  during 
the  last  twelve  months.  The  establishment  of  transatlantic  steam-lines,  the 
increasing  trade  of  great  rail  road  corporations  with  termini  in  this  City,  and 
the  proposed  construction  of  others  have  created  a  pressing  demand  for  ship¬ 
ping  facilities.  Our  rapidly  increasing  commercial  marine  needs  much  more 
extensive  accommodation  than  the  upper  harbor  of  Baltimore,  or  even  Locust 
Point,  can  furnish.  In  this  emergency  the  attention  of  the  public  has  natu¬ 
rally  been  directed  to  the  Canton  Company  for  relief.  The  Company  have 
proved  themselves  equal  to  the  exigency.  An  increased  energy  has  been 
displayed  in  the  construction  of  wharves,  while  immense  numbers  of  piles 
have  been  driven  for  any  necessity  that  may  arise  in  the  future.  Preparations 
have  been  made  for  the  accommodation  of  all  the  rail  road  corporations,  which 
will  afford  ample  facilities  for  an  indefinite  augmentation  of  the  trade  of  Bal¬ 
timore,  and  temporary  measures  have  been  adopted  for  immediate  and  pressing 
demands. 

The  Union  Rail  Road,  recently  completed,  a  work  of  great  magnitude,  was 
projected  mainly  under  the  auspices  of  the  Canton  Company.  It  consists  for 
the  most  part  of  a  Tunnel,  constructed  at  heavy  cost  through  a  treacherous 
soil  at  a  depth  in  some  places  of  65  feet  below  the  surface,  and  finished  in  the 
most  substantial  manner.  In  addi¬ 
tion  to  the  long  desired  outlet  it 
affords  to  tide-water,  it  constitutes 
a  most  important  link  in  the  great 
highway  between  the  Metropolis 
and  the  Capitol  of  the  nation. — 

This  corporation  was  chartered  to 
build  a  rail  road  around  the  City  to 
connect  roads  centering  here  or 
passing  through,  and  to  obviate  the 
delay  and  inconvenience  of  travel 
by  horse-power  through  the  streets 
of  the  City.  The  Canton  Com¬ 
pany  subscribed  for  most  of  the 
Stock  of  the  road,  and  endorsed 
the  bonds  of  the  Company  to  an 
extent  sufficient  to  defray  the 
expense  of  its  construction. 

Under  a  section  of  its  charter, 

all  the  railroads  passing  through  > 

Baltimore  are  entitled  to  its  use  at  a  certain  fixed  valuation  per  mile.  I  he 
Northern  Central,  the  Baltimore  and  Potomac,  the  Western  Maryland,  and 
the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  and  Baltimore  will  immediately  avail  them¬ 
selves  of  this  provision.  The  first  named  is  now  negotiating  for  1,700  feet  of 

18 


CLAY  CUTTING,  UNION  RAIL  ROAD  TUNNEL 


284 


The  Monumental  City, 


water-front,  sufficient  to  accommodate  more  than  its  present  trade.  The 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  Rail  Road  Company  has  also  obtained  a  crossing  from 
their  property  on  Locust  Point,  by  which,  the  cost  of  transfer  of  Cumberland 
coal  is  reduced  to  20  cents  per  ton,  and  thousands  of  tons  are  already  passing 
over. 

Negotiations  are  pending  for  the  incorporation  of  a  Company  to  build 
elevators  of  a  capacity  sufficient  for  any  quantity  of  grain.  Trestle  works 
and  transfers  are  already  constructed  by  which  grain,  coal  and  produce  gener¬ 
ally,  may  be  transferred  from  cars  to  shipboard,  at  the  smallest  possible 
expense.  Arrangements  are  now  being  perfected  for  the  extension  of  the 
Western  Maryland  Rail  Road,  by  a  route  the  shortest  yet  found  to  Pittsburg, 
the  Lakes,  the  bituminous  and  gas-coal  fields  and  coal  oil  regions. 

The  brick  yards  are  to  be  removed  to  remote  portions  of  the  Company’s 
land  that  the  whole  property  adjacent  to  the  four  miles  of  water-front  may  be 
developed — in  fact  everything  is  being  done  that  a  careful  foresight  can  sug¬ 
gest  for  the  most  liberal  accommodation  of  trade  that  is  already  centering  at 
Canton.  Several  enterprising  New  York  Capitalists  have  been  added  recently 
to  the  Directors,  and  the  Board  is  at  present  composed  as  follows : 

Chas.  J.  Baker,  George  S.  Brown,  Charles  Weber,  Wm.  G.  Harrison,  and  S. 
Sprigg  Belt,  of  Baltimore,  and  James  H.  Banker,  Wm.  Mertens,  Wm.  Butler 
Duncan  and  Samuel  L.  M.  Barlow,  of  New  York. 

The  influence  exerted  by  the  Canton  Company  is  to  be  seen  not  only  on 
their  own  grounds  but  through  the  entire  Eastern  section  of  the  City,  and  the 
rate  of  improvement  in  the  latter  quarter  is  at  present  quite  as  great  as  in  any 
other  portion  of  Baltimore.  The  extension  of  Patterson  Park,  whence  the 
finest  views  of  the  City  and  harbor,  with  their  surroundings  may  be  obtained, 
invites  the  erection  of  the  handsomest  residences,  and  enterprising  builders 
are  availing  themselves  of  the  opportunities  thus  presented.  A  feature  of  the 
Company’s  work  and  to  which  much  of  their  success  may  be  attributed  is  the 
fact  that  they  are  always  ready  to  extend  a  helping  hand  to  energetic 
mechanics  or  business  men.  Those  desirous  of  prosecuting  a  certain  business 
who  do  not  possess  the  adequate  capital  nor  machinery,  have  but  to  show  their 
capacity  and  energy  to  be  assisted. 

The  future  of  the  Canton  Company  can  be  readily  foretold,  but  how  rapid 
will  be  its  development,  and  how  extensive  its  usefulness  to  the  City  of  Bal¬ 
timore,  it  is  impossible  to  predicate  from  any  data  at  present  in  our  possession. 
The  anthracite  coal  from  Pennsylvania  will  seek  here  a  depot,  and  an  outlet 
oy  hundreds  of  thousands  of  tons, — the  bituminous  and  gas-coals  will  pour 
into  Canton  in  quantities  of  which  the  present  receipts  give  but  a  feeble  idea 
while  the  facilities  for  shipment,  indefinite  in  extent  and  of  such  easy  accesi- 
bility  throughout  the  entire  year,  leave  no  room  for  doubt  that  it  will  rival,  if 
it  does  not  supass  all  other  marts  for  the  exportation  of  coal  in  this  country. 

The  rail  roads  centering  here  drain  an  immense  extent  of  fertile  country 
and  will  pour  into  Canton  the  great  grain  products  of  Maryland,  Pennsylva- 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  285 

nia,  Virginia,  and  a  large  share  of  the  produce  of  the  vast  plains  of  the  West, 
and  the  elevators  to  be  erected  will  constitute  it  the  most  accessible  spot  for 
the  shipment  of  grain  on  the  Atlantic  seaboard — but  it  is  as  a  manufacturing 
center  that  Canton  will  be  especially  useful  to  Baltimore.  The  number  of  fac¬ 
tories  already  established  is  but  an  earnest  of  its  future  development  in  this 
regard  and  the  inducements  held  out  by  the  Company,  the  moderate  rents,  the 
cheapness  of  living  in  Baltimore,  and  the  character  of  the  men  who  comprise 
the  Board  of  Directors,  substantial,  high-toned  and  able  to  accomplish  what 
they  promise,  all  point  to  Canton  as  the  future  manufacturing  center  of  the 
seaboard. 


BALTIMORE  AND  OHIO  RAIL  ROAD. 


♦HARLES  CARROLL  of  Carrollton,  the  last  surviving  signer  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  laid  the  corner-stone  of  the  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  Rail  Road  on  the  4th  of  July,  1828.  The  character  of  this 
illustrious  man  has  shed  its  influence  upon  this  great  work  from  that  hour. 
A  long  list  of  Presidents,  whose  judgments  have  been  surpassed  only  by 
their  integrity,  and  successive  Boards  of  Directors  with  foresight  and  enter¬ 
prise,  tempered  with  prudence,  have  given  tone  to  the  Corporation  in  the 
past,  and  have  brought  the  undertaking  to  a  conclusion  so  eminently  suc¬ 
cessful  as  to  challenge  the  admiration  of  thinking  men  both  at  home  and 

abroad. 

When  we  consider  that  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Rail  Road  was  the  first  i  ocid 
of  that  nature  projected  in  this  country,  it  is  easy  to  imagine  the  difficulties 
attending  its  construction.  From  the  very  novelty  of  the  undertaking,  many 
untried  problems  had  necessarily  to  be  solved  or  their  impracticability 
demonstrated.  During  the  first  few  years  of  its  existence  these  efforts  to  dis¬ 
cover  the  best  and  most  economical  modes  of  construction,  without  prece¬ 
dents,  and  with  the  comparatively  limited  scientific  acquirements  of  those 
days,  presented  obstacles  by  the  side  of  which  the  trials  of  modern  engineering 
shrink  into  insignificance  and  the  solution  of  which  has  facilitated  the  con¬ 
struction  of  many  similar  works  in  America.  But  the  perplexities  encoun¬ 
tered  in  building  the  road  were  slight  in  comparison  with  the  financial  diffi¬ 
culties  Avhich  beset  the  Company  until  the  road  was  completed  to  the  Ohio 
river  on  the  1st  of  January,  1853.  The  opening  to  Wheeling,  a  distance  of 
379  miles,  was  attended  with  special  ceremonies  and  really  marked  an  era  in 
the  history  of  railway  enterprise.  Vast  mountains  had  been  tunnele  ,  va  - 
leys  filled  up,  and  rivers  spanned  to  admit  the  passage  of  the  locomotive,  an 
vexed  questions  in  engineering  set  at  rest  forever.  A  country  aboundmg  m 


286 


The  Monumental  City, 


mineral  wealth  and  fertile  plains,  which  needed  but  the  hand  of  the  husband¬ 
man  to  “blossom  as  the  rose/’  was  opened  up  to  civilization  and  made  tribu¬ 
tary  to  Baltimore;  a  traffic  was  begun  in  Coal  which  has  since  then  de¬ 
veloped  into  gigantic  proportions — millions  of  tons  passing  over  the  road 
annually,  and  a  line  of  intercourse  established  with  the  great  West  that  gave 
an  impetus  to  emigration,  and  has  since  added  greatly  to  the  trade  and  com¬ 
merce  of  our  City. 

Mr.  John  W.  Garrett,  of  the  firm  of  Robert  Garrett  &  Sons  of  this  City, 
accepted  the  Presidency  of  this  road  in  1858.  Financial  difficulties  had 
embarrassed  its  operations  for  some  years  prior  to  1856.  Mr.  Garrett  was 
first  induced  to  interest  himself  in  its  affairs  about  1857,  and  very  soon  there¬ 
after  the  good  influence  of  his  wise  counsels  became  apparent  in  its  manage¬ 
ment,  but  an  immediate  and  palpable  change  became  manifest  upon  his 
accession  to  the  Presidency.  He  surrendered  to  the  Road  his  vigorous  powers 
of  mind,  his  vast  financial  experience  and  his  great  executive  ability.  His 
presence  at  its  head  acted  like  a  spur  upon  the  Corporation,  and  since  that 
time  the  history  of  the  road  has  been  a  series  of  uninterrupted  successes. 

The  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Rail  Road  Company  have  established  permanent 
co-operative  relations  with  the  Marietta  and  Cincinnati  and  the  Ohio  and 
Mississippi  Rail  Roads,  thus  virtually  extending  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
Rail  Road  to  Cincinnati,  and  through  that  City  to  St.  Louis,  connecting  by 
friendly  Northern  and  Southern  Roads  with,  and  drawing  business  from  the 
Southern  half  of  the  great  States  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illinois,  also  from 
Kentucky,  having  direct  connection  with  Louisville,  its  chief  city,  and 
reaching  Tennessee,  Arkansas  and  other  Southern  States  through  other 
effective  alliances. 

Under  the  policy  of  President  Garrett  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  has  been 
extended  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  to  Sandusky  on  Lake  Erie  and  to  Pittsburg  by 
the  extension  of  the  Pittsburg  and  Connellsville  Rail  Road,  now  known  as 
the  Pittsburg,  Washington  and  Baltimore  Rail  Road.  The  Winchester  and 
Potomac  Rail  Road,  the  Winchester  and  Strasburg  Rail  Road,  the  Washing¬ 
ton  County  Rail  Road,  and  the  Metropolitan  or  Point  of  Rocks  Rail  Road, 
have  been  established  during  this  period.  This  Metropolitan  Branch 
shortens  the  line  between  Washington  and  the  great  West  48  miles.  By  this 
route  and  the  Connellsville  Rail  Road  the  distance  from  Pittsburg  to  Wash¬ 
ington  is  but  300  miles ;  thence  to  Baltimore  38  miles ;  and  only  10  miles 
further  from  Pittsburg  to  Baltimore  via  Washington  than  by  the  direct  line; 
hence  the  name  Pittsburg,  Washington  and  Baltimore  Rail  Road.  Under 
the  auspices  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio,  a  line  of  rail  road  is  now  being  con¬ 
structed  through  the  Valley  of  Virginia,  which  will  bring  this  wonderful 
agricultural  region  into  direct  communication  with  our  City.  By  its  con¬ 
nection  with  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Rail  Road  at  Staunton,  the  Coal,  Iron 
and  Salt  territory  of  West  Virginia  is  opened  up  to  Baltimore,  and  by  the 
extension  of  this  Valley  Rail  Road  to  Salem,  and  connection  with  the  Vir¬ 
ginia  and  Tennessee  Rail  Road  the  salt  and  other  minerals  of  Southwest 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


287 


Virginia  are  reached,  and  also  the  products  of  East  Tennessee,  Georgia, 
Alabama  and  Mississippi.  By  the  Orange,  Alexandria  and  Manassas  Rail 
Road,  with  its  extensions  under  its  new  name,  “Washington  City,  Virginia- 
Midland  and  Great  Southern,”  the  mineral  regions  of  Virginia,  the  Carolinas 
and  Georgia  are  reached,  where  gold,  silver,  lead,  copper  and  iron  are  found, 
and  where  the  climate  and  soil  are  favorable  to  agriculture,  particularly  so 
for  fruits  and  vegetables. 

This  latter  connection  is  formed  by  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Balti¬ 
more  and  Ohio,  whieh  leaves  the  Main  Stem  at  the  Relay  House,  about  nine 
miles  from  Baltimore,  and  runs  to  the  National  Capital.  Another  short  road 
is  to  be  constructed  from  the  Metropolitan  Branch  to  a  point  in  the  neighbor¬ 
hood  of  the  Annapolis  Junction,  by  means  of  which  passengers  and  freight 
from  the  West  can  be  conveyed  directly  to  our  City  by  a  much  shorter  route 
than  that  at  present  in  use,  while  the  line  of  rail  road  along  the  Patapsco 
and  Monocacy,  penetrating  a  region  abounding  in  vegetable  and  mineral 
wealth,  will  still  by  its  way-traffic  add  to  the  revenues  of  the  Company. 

At  a  point  90  miles  above  Newark,  on  the  Lake  Erie  Division  of  the  road, 
it  is  proposed  to  construct  a  line  of  Rail  Road  direct  to  Chicago,  a  distance 
of  260  miles.  In  addition  to  the  trade  directly  from  Chicago,  and  along  the 
line  of  this  road,  it  will  have  many  important  connections  east  of  the  Prairie 
City,  which,  in  obedience  to  their  interests,  will  be  feedeis  to  this  Chicago 
extension.  The  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  and  Cleveland  Rail  Road  connects  at 
Tiffin ;  the  Dayton  and  Michigan  Rail  Road  extending  fiom  Cincinnati 
through  Toledo  to  Detroit,  with  connections  penetrating  the  Michigan  prairies, 
north  and  west  of  Saginaw,  connects  at  Deshler,  Heniy  County,  Ohio,  and 
the  Toledo,  Wabash  and  Western  Railroad,  connects  at  Defiance,  Ohio.  This 
road,  with  its  branches,  extends  over  Illinois  and  Missouri  more  than  1,200 
miles.  At  Auburn,  Indiana,  it  connects  with  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  and 
Saginaw  and  the  Eel  River  Roads,  both  extending  south  into  Indiana,  and 
north  into  Michigan.  At  Walkerton  it  crosses  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  and 
Chicago  Rail  Road,  and  by  this  route  can  reach  Laporte  and  Michigan  City, 
Indiana,  the  latter  a  port  on  Lake  Michigan.  Before  entering  Chicago  a  con¬ 
nection  can  be  made  with  the  Illinois  Central  Rail  Road,  which,  with  its 
branches,  drain  the  greater  portion  of  Illinois.  This  road  can  have  no  inter¬ 
est  in  opposition  to  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio,  but  will  seek  over  its  line  the 
port  of  Baltimore,  as  its  best  entrepot  for  the  produce  of  the  country,  through 
which  its  main  line  of  branches  extend.  Numerous  branches  are  proposed  to 
connect  important  towns  in  Ohio  and  Indiana,  with  this  Chicago  extension. 
The  benefits  that  will  accrue  to  our  City  from  the  completion  of  these  great 
enterprises,  are  incalculable. 

Already  has  the  trade  of  Pittsburgh,  the  great  manufacturing  city  west  of 
the  Alleo-hanies,  begun  to  pour  into  Baltimore,  and  the  time  is  not  far  distant 
when  we  shall  compete  successfully  with  the  cities  of  Philadelphia  and  New 
York  for  the  carrying  trade  of  this  great  region  of  country.  The  Baltimore 
and  Ohio,  with  its  through  connections  South  and  West,  has  materially  aided 


288 


The  Monumental  City, 

the  development  of  those  sections,  by  opening  up  territory,  rich  in  mineral  and 
agricultural  resources,  susceptible  of  great  improvement  and  to  which  the 
rapidly  increasing  population  of  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  and  the  tide  of 
emigration  pouring  into  our  City  may  resort  with  confident  hopes  of  at  least 
realizing  many  of  their  anticipations  by  frugality  and  industry.  Towns  and 
villages  have  sprung  up  along  the  line  of  railroad,  and  even  those  sections  but 
remotely  connected  with  the  road  have  felt  its  wonderful  influence. 

A  spirit  of  enterprise  has  grown  up  in  neighboring  districts;  roads  and 
turn-pikes  have  been  opened,  and  vast  stretches  of  country  that  might  have 
remained  primeval  forests  but  for  this  great  work  of  internal  improvement, 
have  become  productive  and  the  inhabitants  cultivated  and  refined.  The 
extension  of  the  road  from  Centreton  on  the  Lake  Erie  Division  to  Chicago, 
gives  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  one  continuous  line  of  rail  road  from  Baltimore 
to  the  Lake  City  of  the  West,  the  granary  where  is  received  the  exhaustless 
products  of  the  fertile  plains  which  stretch  out  through  the  northwest.  Thus 
Baltimore  is  enabled  to  compete  with  the  great  cities  of  the  East  for  a  share 
of  this  immense  trade.  The  extension  of  the  road  from  Pittsburg  to  Cen¬ 
treton,  a  mere  question  of  time,  will  give  another  direct  route  from  Chicago 
to  Baltimore. 

The  scenery  along  the  line  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railway  is  pictur¬ 
esque  and  beautiful,  but  portions  of  the  road  merit  special  notice.  “  Harper’s 
Ferry,”  the  point  at  which  the  peaceful  waters  of  the  Shenandoah  become  lost  in 
the  more  boisterous  Potomac,  has  been  described  by  Jefferson  as  “one  of  the 
most  stupendous  scenes  in  nature,  and  well  worth  a  voyage  across  the  Atlantic 
to  witness.”  Jefferson’s  Rock,  named  after  that  illustrious  statesman,  a  great 
overhanging  cliff  which  looks  frowningly  down  as  though  it  would  topple 
headlong  upon  the  unwary  traveler,  offers  an  exhaustive  view  of  the  wonder¬ 
ful  passage  of  these  two  rivers  through  the  very  heart  of  the  mountains. 
The  road  from  this  point  to  the  Ohio  River  gives  to  the  sight-seer  a  succession 
of  views  embracing  nature  in  almost  every  attitude.  Long  ranges  of  moun¬ 
tains,  beautiful  valleys,  level  plains,  changed  by  the  magic  of  the  husband¬ 
man  into  boundless  gardens,  lofty  precipices,  mountain  torrents,  and  the 
endless  phases  in  which  nature  fantastically  arrays  herself,  pass  before  the 
vision  like  the  ever  changing  views  in  some  gigantic  kaleidescope.  “Fort 
Frederick,”  whose  hundred  years  have  witnessed  the  downfall  of  one  govern¬ 
ment  and  the  uprearing  of  another,  the  vigorous  growth  of  which  has 
astonished  the  world,  and  with  whose  history  the  name  of  Washington  will 
ever  be  connected,  is  located  near  the  line  of  the  road  between  Harper’s  Ferry 
and  Cumberland.  “The  Glades”  and  “Cheat  River  Valley”  are  perhaps  as 
rich  in  exquisite  natural  scenery  as  any  portion  of  the  world,  and  tourists  at 
this  early  date  have  evinced  their  appreciation  of  what  has  been  aptly  styled 
“  the  American  Switzerland.” 

Among  those  features  on  the  line  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  well  worthy 
of  inspection  by  sight-seers  and  travelers,  are  the  immense  rolling-mills  or 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources.  289 

machine-shops  of  the  Company,  located  at  Cumberland,  and  the  magnificent 

Hotel,  recently  erected  by  the  corporation  for  the  accommodation  of  travel 
over  their  roads. 

The  afiaiis  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Rail  Road  under  the  present  adminis¬ 
tration  have  been  conducted  with  prudence  and  economy,  and  yet,  when  the 
ena  appealed  to  justify  the  means,  the  Company  has  not  hesitated  to  venture 
its  capital  in  behalf  of  the  boldest  enterprises.  Shortly  after  the  war,  a 
pioneei  line  of  Steamers  was  established  between  this  port  and  Liverpool 
undei  the  auspices  of  this  corporation,  which,  though  not  entirely  successful, 
because  of  the  very  limited  carrying  capacity  of  the  vessels  employed,  clearly 
demonstrated  that  as  a  port  of  entry,  Baltimore  was  destined  to  become  one 
of  the  leading  Cities  in  America.  This  line  was  succeeded  by  what  is  known 
as  the  “North  German  Lloyd,”  or  “Baltimore  and  Bremen”  line  of  Steam¬ 
ships.  Four  first-class  steam-ships  have  already  been  placed  on  this  route 
(and  two  more  are  in  process  of  construction)  to  ply  between  Baltimore, 
Southampton  and  Bremen. 

The  property  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Rail  Road  at  Locust  Point  has 
been  greatly  improved  to  meet  the  requirements  of  these  Steamers.  The  funds 
necessary  for  improving  the  harbor  and  channel  having  been  provided  by 
the  Government  of  the  United  States  and  the  City  of  Baltimore,  this  work, 
which  has  been  in  progress  for  some  time,  is  rapidly  approaching  completion. 
When  finished,  the  depth  of  water  will  be  sufficient  for  the  largest  sea-going 
vessels, — all  that  is  necessary  to  make  Baltimore  equal  to  any  seaport  in  the 
country  and  without  drawback  from  the  advantages  she  possesses  over  all 
others  in  geographical  position.  Piers  have  been  constructed  at  Locust 
Point,  spacious  and  substantial  warehouses  built,  and  a  grain  elevator  erected 
with  a  capacity  for  600,000  bushels  of  grain.  In  addition,  the  Company 
proposes  to  erect  immediately  two  more  grain  elevators  with  a  capacity  of 
1,000,000  bushels  each. 

The  success  of  the  Bremen  Steamships  has  led  to  the  establishment  of 
another  Transatlantic  Steamship  Company,  the  Allan  Line,  which  connects 
this  port  with  Halifax  and  Liverpool.  The  cheapness  of  fuel  in  Baltimore 
gives  these  Steamers  a  great  advantage  over  other  cities.  They  are  enabled 
to  coal  here  at  a  reduction  in  cost  of  $2,000,  for  each  voyage,  and  the  port 
charges  in  comparison  with  other  cities  along  the  Atlantic  Coast,  are  insig¬ 
nificant. 

The  great  Workshops  of  the  Company  at  Mount  Clare,  on  the  Western 
suburbs  of  our  City,  in  which  are  employed  more  than  sixteen  hundred 
hands,  form  an  especial  feature  of  Baltimore.  Here  all  varieties  of  work 
required  by  the  necessities  of  a  mammoth  rail  road  are  manufactured.  Great 
Iron  Bridges,  Locomotives,  Pullman  Palace  Cars  and  the  most  elegant 
Passenger  Coaches,  with  all  their  polished  veneering  and  rich  upholstery, 
Stationary  Engines,  Boilers,  Car  Wheels,  Axles,  Bar  Iron,  Rail  Fixtures, 
Springs,  &c.,  are  produced  with  a  neatness  of  finish  and  skillfulness,  and  with 


290 


The  Monumental  City, 

strong  and  durable  qualities  not  exceeded  anywhere  in  the  world.  At 
various  points  along  the  line  of  road,  similar  workshops  of  very  ample 
capacity  for  the  repair  and  manufacture  of  machinery,  are  established. 

The  benefits  which  our  City  has  reaped  from  this  great  road  are  simply 
inestimable.  The  impetus  given  to  manufactures  and  the  employment 
furnished  to  citizens  would  alone  abundantly  compensate  the  City  for  the 
assistance  she  gave  the  road  in  the  early  stages  of  its  construction,  but  the 
vast  amount  of  wealth,  mineral  and  agricultural,  poured  into  our  City 
through  this  main  artery  can  only  be  measured  by  her  rapid  increase  in  all 
the  elements  which  make  a  great  metropolis. 

The  financial  condition  of  the  City  has  been  very  strikingly  affected  by 
her  relations  to  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Bail  Koad.  Being  a  proprietor  of 
$3,250,000  of  the  stock  of  the  Company,  she  receives  ten  per  cent,  upon  her 
investment,  and,  paying  but  six  per  cent,  upon  the  debt  created  to  aid  this 
work,  she  realizes  a  profit  of  $130,000  annually  for  the  benefit  of  the  tax¬ 
payers. 

It  may  be  noted  here  as  a  remarkable  fact  that  the  assessed  value  of  the 
real  estate  in  Baltimore  at  the  time  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Bail  Boad  was 
commenced,  in  1827,  was  but  $27,000,000,  a  sum  less  by  $29,000,000  than 
the  amount  since  absorbed  in  this  great  work. 

The  vast  proportions  to  which  this  organization  has  grown,  are  shown  by 
the  fact  that  its  control  already  extends  over  railway  properties  in  many 
States,  the  cost  of  which  exceeds  $100,000,000.  It  possesses  more  than  500 
locomotives,  over  10,000  passenger  and  freight  cars,  and  employs  above  20,000 
men  in  its  working  departments;  its  disbursements  for  labor,  material  and 
supplies  exceeding  $1,000,000  per  month. 

As  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Bail  Boad,  together  with  the  vast  net-work  of 
railways  co-operating  with  it,  is  used  in  making  Baltimore  a  great  manufac- 
tuiing  and  commercial  centre,  and  the  most  economical  and  desirable 
entrepot  for  the  constantly  expanding  business  of  large  portions  of  our  exten¬ 
sile  countiy,  it  requires  but  the  concurrent  energy  and  enterprise  of  our 
citizens  to  make  the  progress  and  greatness  of  the  City  unlimited  in  extent 
and  thoroughly  substantial  in  character. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  prominent  officers  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
Bail  Boad : 

President — John  W.  Garrett;  1st  Vice  President — John  King,  Jr.;  2d  Vice 
President—  Wm.  Keyser ;  Master  of  Transportation— Thomas  R.  Sharp  ;  Mas¬ 
ter  of  Machinery— John  O.  Davis;  Master  of  Road— John  L.  Wilson;  Gen¬ 
eral  Freight  Agent— N.  Guilford;  General  Ticket  Agent— L.  M.  Cole;  Gen¬ 
eral  Passenger  Agent— Sydney  B.  Jones,  (Cincinnati) ;  Auditor— Wm.  T. 
Thelin ;  Assistant  Auditor— A.  D.  Smith,  (Columbus,  Ohio);  Treasurer— Wm. 
H.  Ijams ;  Superintendent  of  Telegraph— A.  G.  Davis ;  General  Superinten¬ 
dent  Ohio  Division,  (Columbus,  O.)— W.  C.  Quincy;  Edward  Potts,  Secretary 
to  the  President. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Kesources 


291 


NORTHERN  CENTRAL  RAILWAY. 


(jj|N  that  broad  expanse  of  country  with  Niagara  Falls,  between  Lakes  Erie 
an^  Ontario,  forming  the  apex  and  New  York,  Philadelphia  and  our 
own  City  marking  the  base  of  the  triangle,  may  be  found  pretty  fully 
illustrated  the  great  wealth  which  Nature  has  given  to  man. 

That  its  importance  was  thoroughly  appreciated  by  all  three  of  these  large 
cities  and  that  they  desired  to  secure  its  advantages  to  themselves  peculiarly, 
is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  great  lines  of  rail  roads  were  very  early  in  the 
history  of  our  country  projected  through  its  entire  length  and  breadth  and 
now  form  a  perfect  net-work  over  the  territory  embraced  in  the  triangle. 
The  richest  fruits  of  husbandry,  the  exhaustless  mineral  deposits  which 
underlie  the  soil  in  that  region,  the  great  woods  which  furnish  so  luxuriously 
our  best  saloons  and  drawing-rooms,  form  together  a  combination  of  treasures 
which  can  be  surpassed  probably  in  no  other  section  of  the  globe. 

The  range  of  territory  embraced  within  the  lines  drawn  from  these  cities 
to  the  point  named  above,  has  had  expended  upon  it,  perhaps,  more  of  the 
muscular  strength  and  exuberant  energy  of  man  than  any  other  district  of 
the  same  dimensions  in  this  or  the  Old  World,  save  the  portions  of  Great 
Britain  and  the  continent  of  Europe  that  have  been  for  ten  centuries  inhabi- 


LAKE  ROLAND. 

ted  and  cultivated  by  an  enlight¬ 
ened  race.  Several  causes  have  led 
to  this  wonderful  development  of  a 
region  not  a  whit  better  than  many 
other  parts  of  these  United  States. 
Proximity  to  our  great  cities  and 


292 


The  Monumental  City, 


the  vast  capital  which  centres  in  those  places,  but  especially  the  facilities  for 
building  rail  roads,  have  brought  about  a  result  which  must  necessarily  lead 
to  the  growth  of  the  whole  American  Continent  and  the  realization  of  the 
prophecies  of  our  sanguine  politicians  with  reference  to  its  immense  forces  at 
the  beginning  of  the  next  century. 

Among  those  great  Roads  which  have  contributed  to  the  progress  of  this 
vast  section  of  our  country  may  be  mentioned  with  pride  by  Baltimoreans 
the  present  “Northern  Central  Railway,”  formerly  known  as  the  Baltimore 
and  Susquehanna.  Chartered  by  the  State  of  Maryland  on  the  13th  day  of 
February,  1828,  organized  as  a  Company  on  the  5th  of  May  following,  with  a 
Board  of  Directors  whose  names  are  historic,  it  commenced  operations  by  the 
laying  of  the  corner-stone  on  the  8th  of  August  of  the  succeeding  year.  It 
was  confidently  expected  that  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  would 
combine  with  our  State  in  this  great  undertaking,  and  after  long  delay,  in 
March,  1832,  an  act  of  incorporation  was  obtained  from  the  Pennsylvania 
Legislature  to  extend  the  road  from  York  to  the  Maryland  line.  The  latter 
act  was  objectionable  in  its  features,  and  it  was  not  until  November,  1835, 
that  a  satisfactory  conclusion  was  reached  between  the  Legislative  body  of 
that  State  and  the  Stockholders  of  the  road.  Our  space  requires  that  we 
should  be  brief  in  our  notice  of  the  early  history  of  this  Company. 

Like  all  great  works  of  internal  improvements,  planned  almost  in  the  dawn 
of  our  national  life,  it  had  its  trials  and  struggles.  The  wisdom  of  our  Leg¬ 
islators  which  had  manifested  itself  so  conspicuously  with  regard  to  other 
corporations  was  not  slow  to  perceive  the  advantages  that  must  accrue  from 
this  organization  to  the  City  of  Baltimore  and  the  State  of  Maryland.  Timely 
aid  was  extended,  and  our  own  City  contributed  her  quota  towards  its  con¬ 
struction.  It  must  be  borne  in  mind  however,  that  rail  roads  at  that  time 
were  in  their  infancy — civil  engineering  was  scarcely  a  distinct  science  outside 
of  the  army,  and  very  able  men  with  the  best  intentions  in  the  world  were 
liable  to  make  mistakes  in  estimates,  and  did  make  egregious  errors.  The 
road  was  opened  to  the  Relay  House  on  July  4th  1831  and  to  Timonium  and 
0 wings’  Mills  in  1832.  It  was  perhaps  the  first  rail  road  corporation  in  this 
country  to  undertake  gradients  of  any  considerable  magnitude.  The  Parr 
Spring  Ridge  was  overcome  by  a  grade  of  84  feet  to  the  mile,  for  two  and 
seven-tenths  miles. 

An  interesting  feature  in  its  early  history  was  the  importation  of  a  locomo¬ 
tive  from  Liverpool,  ordered  in  March  1831,  and  ready  for  delivery  six  months 
before  a  vessel  could  be  obtained  to  bring  it  over — the  third  locomotive,  by 
the  by,  in  successful  operation  in  America.  The  Baltimore  and  Susquehanna 
Rail  Road  was  completed  to  York,  in  August  1838;  the  Wrightsville,  York 
and  Gettysburg  Rail  Road  subsequently  operated  in  connection  with  this  road, 
was  finished  in  1840 ;  to  Columbia  it  was  opened  in  the  same  year  and  com¬ 
munication  secured  with  Pittsburg  by  means  of  a  canal  from  that  point. 


29a 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


The  State  of  Maryland  on  the  10th  of  March,  1854,  and  the  Common¬ 
wealth  of  Pennsylvania  on  the  3d  of  May  following,  passed  an  act  with 
this  title: 

An  Act  to  authorize  the  consolidation  of  the  Baltimore  and  Susquehanna 
Rail  Road  Company,  with  the  York  and  Maryland  Line  Rail  Road  Company, 
the  York  and  Cumberland  Rail  Road  Company,  and  the  Susquehanna  Rail 
Road  Company  by  the  name  of  the  Northern  Central  Railway  Company.” 


The  connection 
of  the  Northern 
Central  with  the 
great  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  Road,  its 
extension  by 
means  of  its  own 
branches  or 
healthful  con¬ 
nections  to  the 
Lakes,  the  West, 
the  North-west, 
the  South,  and 
the  Pacific  Coast 
are  so  well 
known  to  the 
public  at  large, 
as  to  require  no 
allusion  in  an 
article  of  this 
kind.  That  this 
road  ramifying  as 
it  does,  through 
its  connections, 
the  whole  North 
American  Conti¬ 
nent  as  far  as  it 
has  yet  been  set¬ 
tled,  has  accom¬ 
plished  incalcu¬ 
lable  good  for 
our  country,  it 
is  scarcely  neces¬ 
sary  to  mention  here,  but  there  are  features  about  it  which  belong  to  few 
rail  roads,  and  which  we  feel  bound  to  recount  in  an  article  setting  forth  its 
advantages  in  connection  with  the  history  of  Baltimore.  If  we  glance  at  any 


THE  ARTIST’S  DREAM— WATKINS  GLEN. 


294 


The  Monumental  City, 


of  the  maps  which  exhibit  its  extensions,  we  shall  find  that  along  its  line 
have  sprung  into  existence  towns  and  cities  as  though  by  magic.  So  thickly 
are  they  strewn  from  Baltimore  to  Canandaigua,  that  a  map  drawn  with 
proper  scales  will  hardly  contain  their  names.  The  whole  road  appears  to  be 
a  continuous  city  with  here  and  there  a  more  thickly  settled  portion  to  mark 
the  greater  enterprise  of  a  particular  class  of  the  inhabitants. 

The  immense  wealth  underlying  the  surface  of  Baltimore  County,  iron, 
marble,  granite  and  lime,  is  tapped  and  brought  into  our  City.  The  road 
penetrates  the  wonderful  anthracite  region  in  Pennsylvania,  and  its  exhaust¬ 
less  products  are  received  in  Baltimore  by  hundreds  of  thousands  of  tons. 
The  Copper  mines  about  Lake  Superior  contribute  to  its  revenues, — the 
through  travel  from  the  great  North-west,  the  products  of  that  section  and 
of  the  “ Far  West”  and  their  vast  resources,  mineral,  vegetable  and  cereal, 
are  poured  into  our  City  through  its  means. 

The  gentlemen  connected  with  the  road  have  displayed  an  energy  and  have 
adopted  a  far-sighted  policy  that  really  rank  them  among  those  great  practical 
men  who  have  made  the  nineteenth  century  an  extraordinary  era  in  the 
annals  of  history.  Whenever  a  connection  could  be  profitably  formed  and 
was  likely  to  lead  to  trade  and  travel  to  any  of  the  larger  cities  where  its 
termini  are  located  the  road  was  extended  in  that  direction,  and  this  has 
been  done  repeatedly  when  immediate  profit  could  not  have  been  a  considera¬ 
tion,  indicating  clearly  that  it  was  the  result  of  enlightened  prudence,  and 
that  future  prosperity  was  the  object  at  which  the  Company  was  aiming. 
This  policy  undoubtedly  in  the  early  history  of  the  road  impaired  its  financial 
strength,  but  “it  is  an  ill-wind  that  blows  nobody  good,”  and  the  terrific  war 
between  the  North  and  the  South  which  brought  trouble  to  every  community 
and  almost  every  fire-side  in  the  land,  yielded  a  golden  harvest  to  the  rail 
roads  located  along  or  leading  to  the  lines  of  the  contending  armies.  This 
road  was  convenient  to  the  capital  of  the  country,  and  like  similar  corpora¬ 
tions  having  depots  in  this  City,  its  coffers  were  replenished  by  the  revenue 
acquired  from  the  Government  for  the  transportation  of  troops  and  supplies 
and  its  embarrassments  were  consequently  dissipated.  A  double  track  was 
completed  over  the  greater  portion  of  its  length,  and  its  monetary  strength 
so  considerably  augmented  that  it  was  enabled  to  extend  a  helping  hand  to  a 
new  road  projected  through  a  very  fertile  section  of  our  State  but  which  had 
languished  because  of  the  impoverished  condition  of  our  people  who  resided 
in  that  region. 

The  latter,  the  Baltimore  and  Potomac,  has  since  then  been  built  through 
several  of  the  lower  Counties  of  Maryland  to  the  Potomac  river  and  also  to 
the  City  of  Washington,  and  forms  close  and  continuous  connections  by 
locomotive  power  through  the  great  tunnels  under  the  Eastern  and  North¬ 
western  sections  of  our  City  with  all  the  leading  Northern  and  Southern 
routes  of  travel.  • 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources 


295 


The  Northern 
Central  Pail  way 
Company  have 
not  been  content 
to  rest  on  their 
oars;  they  seek 
now  by  means  of 
the  Union  Pail 
Poad  an  outlet  to 
tide-water,  which 
in  view  of  the  very 
great  increase  in 
the  Coal  trade  of 
our  City  in  the 
past  18  months, 
will  be  specially 
advantageous  to 
our  commercial 
interests.  They 
have  invested 
heavily  in  land  at 
Canton  and  pur¬ 
pose  the  erection 
immediately  of 
spacious  piers, 
wharves  and  ele¬ 
vators  for  the  re¬ 
ception  of  West¬ 
ern  grain.  But 
we  shall  devote 
the  balance  of  our 
space  to  a  sum¬ 
mary  of  the  more 

interesting  and  beautiful  features  along  the  line  of  this  great  road.  A  trip 
over  it  from  Baltimore  to  Niagara  cannot  fail  to  interest,  and  its  impressions 
will  be  stamped  upon  the  mind  forever.  For  simple  beauty,  splendor  or 
sublimity  the  scenery  along  the  route  is  perhaps  not  equalled  by  that  of  any 
road  in  the  world.  There  may  be  lines  of  travel  which,  separately,  illustrate 
more  strongly  any  one  of  these  features,  but  such  a  combination  can  scarcely 
be  witnessed  on  any  other  road.  The  Rocky  Mountain  passes  give  us  an 
idea  of  grandeur ,  some  of  the  terrific  declivities  of  the  Andes,  sublimity ,  and 
the  beautiful  little  glades  about  Cheat  River  in  the  Alleghany  range  suggest 
simple  loveliness,  but  along  this  line  of  road  we  have  them  all,  and  can  enjoy 
them  seriatim. 


THE  EAGLE  CLIFF  AND  FALLS— HAVANA  GLEN. 


296 


The  Monumental  City, 


As  the  train  passes  out  of  the  substantial  depot  on  Calvert  Street  the  trav¬ 
eller  is  confronted  with  the  great  machine  shops  which  have  given  Baltimore 
such  a  reputation  as  a  centre  for  manufactures.  Through  a  line  of  villages, 
the  natural  off-shoots  of  a  great  city,  teeming  with  busy  life  and  echoing  the 
sound  of  the  manufacturer’s  hammer,  the  train  glides  until  a  beautiful  little 
lake  is  reached  which  nestles  peacefully  in  a  smiling  valley.  So  cosily  is  it 
located  one  finds  it  difficult  to  realize  that  the  skill  of  man,  not  the  hand  of 
Mature,  has  created  Lake  Roland  as  a  reservoir  to  supply  the  wants  of  a 
great  city. 

The  road  passes  Timonium,  at  one  time  the  great  race-course  of  the  State, 
where  many  of  the  contests  that  so  delighted  the  distinguished  heads  of  the 
old  Maryland  families,  were  wont  to  occur.  Further  on,  beyond  Cockeysville, 
are  located  the  marble,  granite  and  lime  quarries  and  the  iron  works  at  Ash¬ 
land,  with  great  beds  of  ore  that  are  likely  to  add  for  an  indefinite  period  to 
the  resources  and  prosperity  of  our  City.  The  Gunpowder  River,  a  small 
stream  tributary  to  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  intersects  the  road  at  numerous 
points  until  the  Maryland  line  is  reached.  The  river  crosses  beneath  the 
railway  in  several  places,  and  in  some  instances  its  windings  and  twistings 
among  the  overshadowing  rocks  give  a  decidedly  picturesque  appearance  to 
the  landscape.  Long  ranges  of  hills  in  the  upper  part  of  Baltimore  County, 
discovering  to  the  pleasure-seeker  or  traveller  the  various  strata  of  rock  so 
instructive  to  the  geologist  and  attractive  to  all  who  take  an  interest  in 

the  workings  of  Nature,  mark  this  portion  of  the  Northern  Central  Rail¬ 
way. 


There  are  so  many  features  of  general  interest  along  the  line  of  this  road 
that  it  will  be  impossible  for  us  to  mention  them  all,  and  many  omis¬ 
sions  will  necessarily  occur  of  spots  which  travellers,  once  seeing,  can  never 
f 01  get.  The  connections  of  the  Northern  Central  with  Gettysburg  and  its 
vicinity  point  it  out  as  a  delightful  Road  to  excursionists.  Here  occurred 
what  has  been  supposed  by  many  to  have  been  the  crowning  battle  of  the 
fratiicidal  strife  which  deluged  some  of  the  fairest  portions  of  our  country  in 
blood.  The  Healing  Springs  of  Gettysburg,  a  recent  discovery,  and  the 
variegated  scenery  of  the  surrounding  country,  are  strong  inducements  both 
to  the  sight-seer  and  the  valetudinarian. 

It  is  not,  however,  until  after  Harrisburg  is  reached  that  the  more  striking 
features  of  this  great  highway  can  be  thoroughly  appreciated.  The  Susque¬ 
hanna  comes  in  view,  a  stream,  broad,  majestic  and  prolific  in  points  of 
inteiest,  and,  as  the  full  moon  at  times  casts  its  pale  rays  over  the  waters, 
suggestive  of  scenes  far  away,  where  the  people  traverse  their  city  in  boats, 
and  shadowy  forms  glide  from  under  the  dark  arches  like  phantoms  from 
anothei  world,  with  this  difference,  that  the  apparitions  proceed  from  the 
numberless  drifts  which  crowd  the  river,  and  the  gondolas  are  lovely  little 
islands  studding  its  centre  and  sides. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources 


297 


SUSQUEHANNA,  NEAR  HARRISBURG 


But  there  is  ^ 
a  region  be-  ^ 
yond  Harris¬ 
burg  on  this 

road,  a  section  of  America  which  deserves 
special  mention,  where  nature  has  invest¬ 
ed  the  country  with  all  the  qualities 
alluded  to  above,  and  where  the  industry 
of  man  with  his  feeble  auxiliaries,  has  utilized  the 
boundless  treasures  she  offers  him.  As  we  pass  through 
the  centre  of  Pennsylvania  into  the  Western  portion 
of  Hew  York,  we  encounter  a  succession  of  beautiful  views, — lofty  precipices, 
mountain  torrents,  rushing  cascades,  pastoral  fields,  awful  chasms,  headlong 
falls  of  streams  and  wonderful  upheavals  of  the  Earth’s  surface  which  cause  us 
to  gaze  with  admiration,  and  if  reflection  at  such  a  time  be  possible,  to  think 
of  the  limitless  phenomena  produced  for  our  pleasure  and  instruction  by  an  all 
wise  and  all  powerful  Creator,  in  a  space  which  occupies  so  small  a  portion  of 
the  planet  on  which  we  live.  The  exquisite  beauty  of  the  landscape  along  the 
canal  near  Millport;  Watkins  Glen,  already  world  renowned,  with  its  bound¬ 
less  variety  of  scenery,  alternately  awing  us  into  soberness  by  its  grandeur 
and  calling  forth  exclamations  of  delight  by  its  sweet  peaceful  beauty;  the 
very  names  of  the  views  suggestive  and  showing  how  man  can  only  be  an 
imitator  of  the  manifold  workings  of  nature,  “the  Cathedral,”  “the  Artist’s 


THE  BRIDAL  VEIL— HAVANA  GLEN. 


Dream ;77  Havana  Glen  with  its 
“  Bridal  Veil/7  its  “  Mystic  Cas¬ 
cade/7  its  “Eagle  Cliff  and  Fall;" 
the  little  mountain  torrents 
flowing  through  each  of  these 
vales  displaying  a  multiplicity 
of  motions,  at  one  moment  leap¬ 
ing  with  resistless  fury  from 
precipice  to  precipice  as  though 
they  would  rend  the  adamantine 
surfaces  upon  which  they  fell ; 
at  another  gliding  mildly  along 
with  graceful  sinuosity  as  though 
they  had  never  rushed  and  spout¬ 
ed  and  foamed;  the  mammoth 
walls  of  rock,  with  jagged  sides 
which  rear  their  lofty  heads  on 
either  hand  as  these  limpid  foun¬ 
tains  gush  down  their  sides  or 
seek  the  old  and  beaten  path¬ 
way  marked  out  for  them  at 
some  preadamite  period,  when 
man  was  known  only  in  the  mind 
of  the  great  Creator — all  these 
varied  and  wonderful  objects  of 
interest  widely  known  at  pre¬ 
sent,  are  destined  in  the  future, 
to  make  this  region  the  mecca 
of  tourists,  and  the  Northern 
Central  Railway  the  route  by 
which  their  pilgrimages  are  to 
he  accomplished. 

Genesee  Falls  are  too  well- 
known  to  need  description  here, 
and  finally  the  great  Falls  of 
Niagara,  the  eighth  wonder  of 
the  world,  the  apex  of  the  tri¬ 
angle  referred  to  in  the  begin¬ 
ning  of  this  article  are  reached. 
Their  grandeur  and  sublimity 
are  known  to  the  whole  world, 
and  the  impossibility  of  doing 
justice  to  their  magnificent  fea¬ 
tures  should  be  a  sufficient 
apology  for  their  mere  mention. 


In  closing  our  re- 
marks  upon  the 
Northern  Central,  it 
is  due  to  this  corpor¬ 
ation  that  we  should 
particularly  specify 
the  great  benefits  it 
has  accomplished, 
not  only  for  the  sec- 
tions  of  country 
through  which  it 
immediately  passes, 
but  for  the  whole  of 
our  vast  territory  as 
yet  brought  under 
cultivation  and  made 
tributary  to  the 
wants  and  luxuries 
of  our  people. 

Beginning  its  ef¬ 
forts  early  in  our 
history,  it  pushed 
steadily  on  with  its 
work  until  that  por¬ 
tion  already  alluded 
to  had  been  pene¬ 
trated,  and  its  rich 
treasures, — mineral, 
agricultural  and 
beautiful, — exposed 
to  the  gaze  and  col¬ 
lected  for  the  use  of 
mankind. 

The  development 
of  one  region  leads 
to  the  advancement 
of  all.  How  far  the 
Company  has  been 
instrumental  in  as¬ 
sisting  the  progress 
of  civilization  to  the 
far  West,  it  is  im¬ 
possible  to  estimate; 
it  is  sufficient  for 
our  purposes  to  state, 


UNDER  THE  FALL,  LOOKING  TOWARD  THE  OATH  EC  RAL—W  ATKINS  GLEN- 


19 


300 


The  Monumental  City, 


that,  as  in  the  past,  it  has  sought  connections  and  extended  its  road 
wherever  they  were  likely  to  prove  mutually  profitable  to  the  corporation 
and  the  City  of  Baltimore,  so  for  the  future ,  the  present  energetic  and  pru¬ 
dent  management  of  the  Company  is  a  satisfactory  guarantee. 

The  following  are  the  officers  of  the  Northern  Central  Railway : 

President — J.  D.  Cameron;  Vice  President — J.  N.  Du  Barry;  General 
Manager — A.  J.  Cassatt;  Secretary — R.  S.  Hollins;  Treasurer — J.  S.  Leib; 
Auditor — S.  Little  ;  General  Passenger  Agent — Edwin  S.  Young  ;  General 
Eastern  Freight  Agent— J.  M.  Drill;  General  Western  Freight  Agent — Isaac 
M.  Schermerhorn. 


BALTIMORE  AND  POTOMAC  RAIL  ROAD. 


fHE  five  lower  Counties  on  the  Western  Shore  of  Maryland  contain  a 
population,  intelligent,  educated  and  refined,  and  possessing  character¬ 
istics  very  similar  to  those  which  distinguish  the  inhabitants  of  our 
own  City;  moreover,  in  each  of  those  counties  may  be  found  broad  tracts  of 
country  remarkably  fertile  and  productive  and  most  beautifully  located,  and 
yet  until  within  the  last  year  or  so,  but  little  has  been  known  of  these  people 
or  the  section  in  which  they  live. 

A  number  of  reasons  may  be  urged  for  this  apparent 
obscurity.  We  shall,  however,  suggest  but  one,  so  self- 
evident,  that  its  bare  mention  will  cause  its  recognition. 
Until  a  very  recent  period  there  were  practically  no 
avenues  of  communication  between  Baltimore  and  large 
sections  of  these  counties,  not  forty  miles  distant  from 

the  city  limits.  The  fact 
is  the  “  iron-horse  ”  had 
penetrated  the  vast  wil¬ 
dernesses  of  the  West  and 
scaled  the  lofty  altitudes 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains 
before  he  had  entered  the 
“forest  of  Prince  George” 
or  the  great  tobacco  grow¬ 
ing  country  of  Charles  and 
St.  Mary’s, while  much  the 
larger  and  richer  portions 
of  Anne  Arundel  and  Cal- 

HIGH  BRIDGE  OVER  GWYNN’S  FALLS,  B.  &  P.  R.  R.  vert  are  gtill  without  rail 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


301 


road  communication.  The  steamboats  which  ply  between  Baltimore  and 
different  points  along  the  shores  of  these  counties,  though  furnishing  safe 
and  commodious  means  of  access,  do  not  of  themselves  afford  sufficient  outlet 
for  the  trade  of  the  Southern  portions  of  the  Western  Shore,  even  when  not 
obstructed  by  the  inclemency  of  the  weather  during  the  winter  season. 
Though  they  contribute  their  quota  to  the  development  of  that  portion  of 
our  State  they  are  not  able  to  bring  about  that  rapid  improvement  which 
would  seem  to  be  necessary  to  enable  these  sections  of  Maryland  to  keep  pace 
with  the  great  march  of  progress  and  advancement  taking  place  in  many 
other  parts  of  the  country. 

Before  the  war,  the  gentlemen  from  these  counties  lived  like  feudal  barons. 
Surrounded  by  their  slaves,  nearly  all  were  independent  as  far  as  this  world’s 
goods  were  concerned,  and  the  spirit  of  money-making,  at  present  the  preva¬ 
lent  feature  of  all  communities,  had  made  but  slight  inroads  among  the 
wealthy  neighborhoods  which  so  thickly  dotted  this  lower  tier  of  counties. 

Hospitality,  the  brightest  gem  in  Maryland’s  crown,  the  jewel  which  lias 
made  her  far  better  known  in  foreign  lands  than  some  of  her  wealthier  and 
more  enterprising  sisters,  seemed  to  be  both  the  business  and  pastime  of  the 
inhabitants  of  this  portion  of  our  State,  and  as  there  was  no  urgent  necessity 
for  the  exercise  of  energy,  at  that  time  but  little  of  it  was  exhibited.  There 
were  bright  exceptions  even  then  to  the  rule.  Some  men  were  conspicuous 
in  these  localities  for  their  clear  appreciation  of  the  real  needs  of  lower  Mary¬ 
land  and  endeavored  to  arouse  a  spirit  of  enterprise.  As  early  as  1853,  a 
number  of  these  gentlemen  applied  to  the  Legislature  and  obtained  a  charter 
for  the  Baltimore  and  Potomac  Rail  Road.  The  preliminary  organization 
was  not  effected  until  1859,  and  the  folloAving  gentlemen  were  selected  as 
Directors  of  the  road:  Hon.  John  Stephen  Sellman,  of  Anne  Arundel  County ; 
Hon.  William  D.  Bowie  and  Col.  W.  W.  W.  Bowie,  of  Prince  George’s  County; 
Hon.  Walter  Mitchell  and  John  W.  Jenkins,  of  Charles  County;  Edmund  S. 
Plowden?  of  St.  Mary’s  County,  and  Edwin  Robinson,  of  Virginia. 

Unavailing  efforts  were  made  to  commence  the  construction  of  the  road 
during  the  year.  No  State  or  City  aid  had  been  secured,  and  as  was  said 
above  the  large  majority  of  land  owners  did  not  at  that  time  realize  the  neces¬ 
sity  for  railroad  communication  with  Baltimore.  The  Hon.  Oden  Bowie, 
since  then  Governor  of  our  State,  was  made  a  Director  of  the  road,  and  very 
soon  thereafter  its  President,  in  1860.  He  immediately  suggested  a  more 
active  policy,  and  two  sections  of  the  work,  from  Upper  Marlboro  to  the 
Annapolis  and  Elk  Ridge  Rail  Road,  were  put  under  contract.  Had  the 
contractors  completed  their  work,  Upper  Marlboro,  the  county  seat  of  1  rince 
George’s,  would  have  been  placed  in  communication  v  ith  our  City  by  means 
of  the  Annapolis  and  Elk  Ridge  Rail  Road  and  its  connection  with  the 
Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Rail  Road.  Unfortunately 
the  civil  war  broke  out  and  a  long  period  of  inactivity  followed.  Governor 


302 


The  Monumental  City, 


Bowie  never  relaxed  liis  efforts,  but  the  political  agitation  wliicli  convulsed 
the  country  for  the  next  four  years  rendered  abortive  every  attempt  to  build 
a  road  that  did  not  minister  to  its  necessities  in  some  form. 

The  war  over,  the  people  of  Prince  George’s  and  Charles  became  alive  to 
the  almost  absolute  necessity  of  the  road,  but  they  were  in  no  condition  to 
respond  financially  to  the  demands  of  Governor  Bowie.  The  system  of  labor 
in  these  counties  had  undergone  a  complete  revolution.  Millions  of  dollars 
worth  of  property  had  been  swept  away — hundreds  of  households  were  impov¬ 
erished,  and  those  who  had  escaped  bankruptcy  had  not  yet  adjusted  them- 


EASTERN  ENTRANCE  OF  BALTIMORE  AND  POTOMAC  RAIL  ROAD  TUNNEL. 

selves  to  the  great  change  that  had  taken  place  in  their  mode  of  planting  and 
farming.  With  what  rapidity  they  assimilated  themselves  to  the  change  in 
their  condition  and  put  their  shoulders  to  the  wheel,  it  is  hardly  necessary  to 
state  here,  but  at  this  juncture,  no  local  capital  could  be  raised  and  the  prospects 
of  the  corporation  were  desperate.  Governor  Bowie  was  undismayed.  He  had 
seen  all  along  the  great  advantages  to  be  derived  from  its  construction,  not 
only  to  the  portion  of  Maryland  through  which  it  would  pass,  but  also  to 
Baltimore,  which  it  would  place  in  such  close  connection  with  the  great  South- 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources. 


303 


ern  and  South-western  lines  of  travel  and  which  through  its  branch  road  to 
Washington  gave  another  means  of  approach  to  the  National  Capital. 

The  capitalists  of  Maryland  had  very  generally  invested  in  the  great  corpo¬ 
rations  which  had  served  to  extend  the  trade  and  commerce  of  Baltimore,  and 
the  financial  pressure  which  had  followed  the  close  of  the  war,  and  which 
has  not  altogether  abated  at  this  writing,  did  not  leave  many  of  them  in  a 
condition  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  another  road.  Struggles,  too,  ensued 
with  rival  corporations,  and  it  was  not  until  1867  that  legislative  enactments 
were  obtained  that  enabled  the  corporation  to  commence  its  work. 

In  the  meantime,  the  President  had  not  been  idle.  Finding  it  impossible 
to  interest  the  capitalists  of  our  own  State  because  of  the  crippled  condition 
in  which  they  were  placed,  he  went  elsewhere.  The  Pennsylvania  Rail 
Road  Company  appreciated  directly  the  advantages  likely  to  accrue  to 
Baltimore  and  its  own  system  of  roads  from  its  completion,  and  the  requisite 
funds  were  secured  for  its  construction.  The  road  was  put  under  contract 
immediately  throughout  its  entire  length. 

It  was  to  be  built  first  from  Baltimore  through  Anne  Arundel,  Prince 
George’s  and  Charles  Counties,  to  Pope's  Creek,  on  the  Potomac  River,  a  dis¬ 
tance  of  73  miles,  and  its  lateral  branch  to  Washington,  from  Bowie  Junction 
in  Prince  George’s,  was  to  he  17  miles  long,  making  its  entire  length  90  miles. 
The  Baltimore  and  Potomac  was  opened  from  Baltimore  to  Washington  on 
the  2d  day  of  July,  1872,  and  from  Bowie  to  Pope’s  Creek  on  the  1st  of  Jan¬ 
uary,  1873. 

The  most  prominent  features  of  the  road  are  its  great  tunnels  under  the  cities 
of  Washington  and  Baltimore.  The  tunnel  in  our  City  passes  directly  under 
the  streets  and  houses,  is  one  and  a  half  miles  in  length,  and  atrsome  points 
55  feet  below  the  level  of  the  streets.  It  is  cut  in  many  instances  through 
solid  rock.  Water  and  other  obstacles  were  encountered,  but  the  most  scien¬ 
tific  principles  of  engineering  were  brought  into  play  to  surmount  them,  the 
magnitude  of  which  will  be  better  understood  when  it  is  known  that  its  cost 
has  been  more  than  two  millions  of  dollars.  Indeed  there  is  no  such  work 
under  any  other  city  in  the  Union.  The  road  itself  from  Baltimore  to  Pope’s 
Creek  is  a  model  of  engineering  skill.  The  Company  have  availed  themselves 
of  all  the  modern  improvements  in  rail  road  construction  known  to  Engineers. 
Its  superstructure  is  substantially  built  and  laid  with  durable  rails  weighing 
64  pounds  to  the  yard. 

The  immediate  results  to  follow  to  the  city  of  Baltimore  are,  an  impetus  to 
farming  and  planting  through  an  extended  and  very  fertile  region  of  our  own 
State,  by  which  the  productions  of  that  section,  such  as  corn,  wheat  and 
tobacco,  are  likely  to  be  increased  four-fold,  and  fruits  and  vegetables  of  every 
description  brought  into  the  city  at  prices  which  will  place  them  within 
reach  of  the  whole  community ;  an  enhancement  of  the  value  of  property 
along  its  line,  and  an  offer  of  sites  for  summer  residences  for  our  successful 


304 


The  Monumental  City,  Its  Past  History,  Etc. 

merchants,  together  with  small  farms,  for  their  recreation  and  pleasure,  at 
prices  likely  to  render  unnecessary  the  expensive  exodus  of  our  people  during 
the  hot  months  of  summer  to  the  various  fashionable  and  uncomfortable 
resorts  and  watering  places. 

To  the  country  through  which  it  passes  it  will  simply  be  an  inestimable 
auxiliary.  Its  more  remote  benefits  to  our  City  will  manifest  themselves  at 
an  early  day  when  the  plans  at  present  in  contemplation  have  been  carried 
out  and  the  extension  to  Richmond  completed.  Already,  through  its  Wash¬ 
ington  branch,  intercourse  with  the  Southern  lines  of  rail  road  has  been 
secured,  and  the  completion  of  the  Baltimore  tunnel  gives  a  perfectly  agieea- 
ble  and  convenient  route  to  through  trade  and  travel.  The  road  is  abund¬ 
antly  provided  with  the  finest  equipment  of  engines,  passenger  coaches, 
palace  and  sleeping  cars,  and  has  already  fulfilled  the  most  sanguine  hopes  of 
its  friends. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  present  officers  of  the  corporation : 

Hon.  Oden  Bowie,  President;  J.  N.  Du  Barry,  Vice  President  and  General 
Manager;  E.  L.  Du  Barry,  Superintendent;  S.  Little,  Secretary  and  Auditor; 
J.  S.  Leib,  Treasurer;  Edwin  S.  Young,  General  Passenger  Agent;  James 
M.  Drill,  General  Freight  Agent. 


THE  CELEBRATED 

LEFFEL  PATENT  AMERICAN 

Double  Turbine  Water-Wheel, 

The  Best  Water-Wheel  in  Existence. 

MANUFACTURED  BY 

POOLE  <£  HUNT, 

BALTIMORE. 


N.  J.  WATKINS, 

GENERAL  WRITER. 

Writes  for  Newspapers,  Magazines  and  Periodicals. 


Is  ready  to  supply  Congressmen  and  Legislators  generally,  with  Speeches, 
carefully  prepared,  on  any  subject  of  local  or  national  importance. 

Direct  to,  192  N.  CALVERT  STREET, 

BALTIMORE. 


J.  W.  BOND  Sl  CO. 

BOOKSELLERS  AND  STATIONERS, 


5EW  IRON  BUILDING,  > 
Opposite  Post-Oltice  Avenue.  \ 


No.  90  Baltimore  St.,  Baltimore. 


306 


The  Monumental  City, 


National  Fire  Insurance  Company 

OF  BALTIMORE. 

♦ 


Incorporated  by  the  State  of 
Maryland,  Dec.  Sess.  1849. 


Chartered  Capital, 

$300,000. 


Cash  Capital, 

$100,000. 


Assets, 

$207,000. 


JOHN  B.  SEIDENSTRICKER,  President. 

DIRECTORS. 


HENRY  M.  BASH, 
GEORGE  BARTLETT, 
JOSEPH  W.  JENKINS, 
WILLIAM  WOODWARD, 
EDWARD  J.  CHURCH, 
GEORGE  SMALL, 


HUGH  SISSON, 
ROBERT  LAWSON, 
DECATUR  H.  MILLER, 
OLIVER  A.  PARKER, 
ROBERT  LEHR, 
GEORGE  C.  JENKINS. 


H.  C.  LANDIS,  Secretary. 

THOMAS  C.  JENKINS,  Jr.,  Clerk. 

WILLIAM  C  JENNESS,  Clerk. 


Office  at  the  North-West  cor.  of  Holliday  &  Second  Sts. 


Its  Past  History  and  Present  Resources 


307 


The  author  begs  to  say,  that  in  compiling  this  account  of  “The  Monumental 
City,  It  Past  History  and  Present  Resources,”  he  has  had  to  contend  with 
peculiar  difficulties.  In  the  effort  to  represent  all  interests,  it  has  been 
necessary  to  seek  information  from  many  sources,  and  to  accept  it  in  various 
shapes.  The  facts  obtained  were  sometimes  a  little  highly  colored  by  the 
prejudices  of  those  from  whom  they  were  derived. 


THE  BATTLE  MONUMENT. 


Whatever  may  be  the  faults  of  the  work,  he  feels  that  he  has  gathered 
a  mass  of  information  in  regard  to  our  prosperous  and  growing  city,  and  that 
in  acting  the  pioneer,  he  has  materially  lightened  the  labors  of  those  who  will 

come  after  him. 


GEO.  W.  HOWARD 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Page. 


American  Building,  The  .  55 

Artist’s  Dream — Watkins’  Glen,  293 

Baltimore  Female  College,  .  277 

“  Fire  Ins.  Co.’s  Building,  .  257 

“  Glass-Works,  .  .  232 

“  In  1752,  ...  15 

“  Pearl  Hominy  Building,  .  138 

“  Steam  Sugar  Refinery,  .  112 

Banking  House — John  A.  Hambleton 

&  Co.’s,  .  .  .  266 

Blind  Asylum,  .  .  51 

Boys’  Home,  ...  52 

Bridal  Yeil — Havana  Glen,  298 

Building — Brosius  &  Co.’s,  .  152 

J.  W.  Bond  &  Co.’s,  .  305 

Carlin  &  Fulton’s,  .  .  155 

William  Devries  &  Co.’s,  .  144 

Shipe,  Cloud  &  Co.’s,  .  .  145 


Young  Men’s  Christian  Association,  43 


Buildings— Drakeley  &  Fenton’s,  108 

Flack  Bros.’  .  .  128 

George  &  Jenkins,’  .  .  107 

Building — Hodges  &  Bros.’  .  150 

Rational  Fire  Ins.  Co.,  .  .  306 

George  F.  Webb’s,  .  .  136 

Wilson,  Burns  &  Co.’s,  .  119 

Business  Houses — Armstrong,  Cator 

&  Co.’s,  .  .  .159 

Business  House— Barrett  &  Higgins’,  160 

Church— Bethany  Independ.  Methodist,  36 
Cathedral,  Catholic,  The  .  .  34 

Eutaw  Place  Baptist,  .  41 

First  Baptist,  .  .  .75 

Mount  Yernon  Place  Methodist 
Episcopal,  ...  66 

New  First  Presbyterian,  .  .  47 

Old  First  Presbyterian,  .  46 

Old  Light  Street  Methodist,  .  65 

Sharp  St.  Meth  Epis  (colored,)  77 

St.  Paul’s  Protestant  Episcopal,  63 

Calvert  Sugar  Refinery,  .  113 

Carrollton  Hotel,  .  252 

Clay  Cutting— Union  Rail  Road 

Tunnel,  .  .  .283 

Cut  of  the  Harbor,  .  245 

Druid  Mills,  .  .  .  179 

Eagle  Cliff  and  Falls — Havana 

Glen,  .  .  295 

Eastern  Entrance  of  the  Balti¬ 
more  and  Potomac  Tunnel,  302 
Edmond’s  Well— Druid  Hill  Park,  87 

Entrance  of  Druid  Hill  Park,  86 

Estey  Organ,  .  .  .197 


Page. 

Forest  Trees — Druid  Hill  Park,  88 
Franklin  Bank,  .  .  .  263 

Frontispiece. 

German  Correspondent  Building,  60 
Guy’s  Hotel,  .  .  .  251 

Hebrew  Hospital,  .  .  49 

High  Bridge  over  Gwynn’s  Falls,  300 
Hoen,  A.,  &  Co.  ...  99,  100 

Home  of  the  Aged  of  the  M.  E. 

Church,  ...  53 

Homeless  Boy,  .  .  .45 

Horner,  Joshua,  Jr.  .  237,  238 

Institution  for  the  Education  of 

Deaf  and  Dumb,  .  .  96 

Iron  Works — 

Bartlett,  Robbins  &  Co.’s,  215 
Lake  Roland,  .  .  .  291 

Larrabee’s  Block,  ,  .  166 

Mansion  House,  .  .  .  253 

Maryland  Institute,  .  .  40 

Maryland  Moulding,  Turning 

and  Sawing  Works,  .  193 

Maryland  Sugar  Refinery,  115 
Maryland  Window-Glass  Works,  230 
Masonic  Temple,  ....  72 

Miller’s  Safe  and  Iron  Works,  205 
Monuments— Battle,  .  .  .  307 

Washington,  .  .  .  .69 

Wildey, . 70 

New  City  Hall,  .  .  .33 

Numsen’s  Block,  .  .  103,  141 

Patapsco  Flouring  Mills,  .  132 

Peabody  Institute,  .  .  38 

Poole  &  Hunt’s  Works,  .  207 

Present  Boundaries  of  the  City,  29 
School  of  Medicine,  University 

of  Maryland,  .  .  95 

Shot  Tower,  .  .  .  107 

Silver  Lake— Druid  Hill  Park,  89 

Stansbury  Building,  .  .  104 

Steam  Furniture  Works,  .  195 

Stickney  Iron  Works,  .  .  208 

Sun  Iron  Building,  .  .  57 

Susquehanna,  near  Harrisburg,  297 
Tannery  of  Geo.  Appold  &  Sons,  163 
The  Savings  Bank  of  Baltimore,  260 
Tyler’s  Lumber  Yard,  .  189 

Under  the  Fall,  Looking  Toward 
the  Cathedral— Watkins  Glen,  299 
Vickers’,  Geo.  R.,  Office  Building,  255 
Warren  Cotton  Miils,  .  177 

Washington  Building,  .  .  273 


Works  Maryland  White  Lead  Co.  226 


GENERAL,  INDEX. 


u 

u 


u 


Page. 

Abell,  A.  S., . 57,  59 

Academy  of  Music,  ....  79 

Agricultural  Implements,  .  .  190, 191 

Allan  Line  of  Steamships,  .  .  289 

Amusement,  Places  of  .  .  .  78,  79 

Annapolis,  .  .  .  .19, 22, 91 

Architectural  Iron  Works,  .  .  214 

Architecture,  .  .  .64, 66—68 

Art, .  42 

Association,  Maryland  State  Agricultu¬ 
ral  and  Mechanical,  79,  80 
“  Young  Men’s  Christian,  67 
Asylum,  Bay  view,  ....  47 

“  Blind,  ....  51 

Deaf  and  Dumb,  .  .  50 

Sheppard,  .  .  .  48 — 50 

^Spring  Grove,  ...  48 

Baker,  Charles  J.  ....  59 
Baltimore  and  Bremen  Line  of  Steamers,  289 
Baltimore  City  Jail,  .  .  .  .67 

Baltimore  Clippers,  ....  24 

Baltimore  Corn  and  Flour  Exchange,  135 
Baltimore  and  Drum  Point  Rail  Road,  31, 81 
Baltimore  and  Potomac  Railroad,  Its 
Influence  upon  the  Prosperity  of 
Southern  Maryland,  &c.,  294,  300 — 303 

Baltimore  and  Ohio  Rail  Road,  Its 
Connections,  Extensions,  Influence 
upon  Baltimore,  &c.,  &c. 

30,  31,  74,  129,  130,  284—290 
Baltimore  Warehouse  Company,  .  131 

Banks  and  Bankers,  .  .  258, 259 

Bar  of  Baltimore,  ...  73, 74 

Bar  of  Maryland,  ....  73 

Bartlett,  D.  L., . 71 

Battle  Monument,  ....  28,  68 
Battle  of  North  Point,  .  .  27,  68,  71 

Board  of  Trade,  ..  .  .  .  61, 62 

Boundaries  of  Maryland,  .  .  8,  9,  10 

Bowie,  Governor  Oden,  .  79,  80,  302 — 304 
Brass  and  Bell  Founding,  .  .  202,203 

Bricks,  Manufacture  of,  .  .  .  248 

Brooklyn, . 81 

Brooks,  Chauncey,  ...  3 

Brown,  George  S.  ....  73 

Burning  of  the  Tea,  .  .  .  .19 

Butter  and  Cheese,  .  .  •  HO 

Calvert,  George,  Lord  Baltimore,  7,  8,  9,  10 
Calvert,  Leonard,  .  '  .  •  10 

Candies  and  Foreign  Fruits,  .  .  139,  140 

Canton  and  the  Canton  Company,  In¬ 
fluence  upon  the  Progress  of  the 
City,  &c.,  &c.  .  .  •  381 — 385 

Carroll,  Charles,  ....  385 


Page. 

Cattle  Market,  ....  250 

Cemeteries,  ....  88, 89 

Chemistry  and  Pharmacy,  Maryland 

College  of, .  76 

Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal,  .  .  30,  92 

Churches, . 62-  64 

Bethany  Independent  Methodist,  67 
Catholic  Cathedral,  .  26,  64,  66 

Eutaw  Place  Baptist,  .  .  67 

First  Presbyterian,  .  .  .67 

Mount  Yernon,  M.  E.  .  .  64 

Old  Light  St.,  M.  E.  .  .  .64 

St.  Paul’s, . 14 

City  Hall, . 9 

City  Limits,  Extension  of, .  .  29, 89, 90,  28 

Clayborne,  William,  ....  8 

Clubs — The  Allston,  ...  78 

The  Baltimore,  ...  78 

The  Maryland,  .  .  78 

Coal,  .  .  32,91,218,219,284,286 

Coffee, . 116 

Continental  Congress,  .  .  .18,  19 

Cooperage  Stores,  ....  278 
Corn  Flour,  Manufacture  of,  .  .  138 

Cotton, . 81,  176,  177 

Cotton  Bags,  Manufacture  of,  .  181,  182 

Cotton  Duck,  “  “  .  180,  181 

Cotton  Press,  The  Monumental,  .  131 

Counties  of  the  State  in  Brief,  91 — 94 
Alleghany,  .  .  .  .  91,  92 

Anne  Arundel,  .  .  91, 92, 93 

Baltimore,  .  .  .90,  91,  92,  93 

Calvert,  .  .  .  91,92,93,13 

Caroline,  ....  91, 93 

Carroll, . 92 

Cecil, . 91, 92 

Charles, . 92 

Dorchester,  .  .  .  .91,94 

Frederick,  .  .  .  .  91, 92 

Garrett, . 91 

Harford,  .  .  .  .  91, 92 

Howard,  .  .  ,  .  .  91,  92 

Kent, . 91, 93 

Montgomery,  .  .  .  .  92 

Prince  George’s,  .  .  .  91,92,93 

Queen  Anne’s,  .  .  .91, 92 

St.  Mary’s,  .  .  .  .  92, 93 

Somerset, . 91,  94 

Talbot,  .  .  .  .  91, 93 

Washington,  ....  92 

Wicomico,  .  .  .  .  91,  94 

Worcester,  .  .  .  .  91, 94 

Court  House . 26 

Cromwell’s  Commissioners,  .  .  11 


*  Note  —Inadvertently,  the  name  of  Dr.  Richard  S.  Stewart  was  omitted  in  our  mention  of  the 
Maryland"  Hospital,  now  Spring  Grove  Asylum.  That  he  was  the  originator  of  this  institution  and  has 
nurtured  it  to  the  present  moment,  when  it  has  assumed  such  grand  proportions,  is  a  fact  with  which 

every  intelligent  Marylander  is  familiar.  ,  ,  a  _  .  .  ,  . 

The  treatment  of  the  Insane,  in  our  State  at  least,  has  been  advanced  to  a  Science  mainly  through  his 

efforts. 


3 10 


Index 


Page. 

Cumberland, . 91 

Curled  Hair, . 183 

Dedication, . 3 

Deepening  of  the  Channel,  .  .  82,  83 

Dentistry,  Its  Origin  and  Progress  in 
Baltimore,  ....  76 — 78 

Domestic  Lines  of  Steamers,  .  .  32,  94 

Druid  Hill  Park,  .  .  .81,  85 — 88 

Dulany,  Chase  and  Johnson,  .  .  73 

Dwelling  Houses,  .  .  .  35,  67,  68 

Early,  Samuel  S . 71 

Early  Trade  and  Commerce, 

14,  17,  21,  23,  24,  25,  27,  28,  31 
Eastern  Shore  Rail  Roads,  .  .  93,  94 

East  India  Company,  ...  19 

Eleemosynary  Associations,  .  44 — 47 

Elevators  at  Locust  Point,  .  .  289 

Establishment  of  Manufactures,  .  21 

Federal  Hill, . 14 

Fell’s  Point,  .  .  .  .  13,16 

Fell,  William,  .  .  .  .  13,  16 

Fire  Bricks  and  Pottery,  Manufacture  of,  246 
Fire  Department,  Compared  with 
the  same  in  other  Cities,  .  .  83,  84 

First  Steamboats,  ...  23, 29 

Fish,  Trade  in,  .  .  .  .  122 

Flour,  Manufacture  of,  and  Market  for, 

133,  134 

Ford,  John  T.  ....  78,  79 

Foreign  Steamers,  .  .  .32,  94,  289 

Fort  McHenry,  .  .  .  ,  13, 26 

Founding  of  the  City,  ...  12 

Frederick  City, . 92 

Front  Street  Theatre,  ...  79 

Fulton,  C.  C., . 56 

Furniture,  Manufacture  of,  .  193, 194 

Gambrill,  Horatio  N . 81 

Garrett,  John  W . 286 

Gas, . 28, 30 

Glassware,  Manufacture  of,  .  221,  222 

Glassworks,  ...  23, 221, 222 

Govanstown, . 81 

Grain  Trade,  ....  129,  130 

Grand  Opera  House,  Ford’s,  .  .  78 
Greenmount  Cemetery,  .  .  .88, 89 

Guano  and  Fertilizers,  Manufacture 

of, .  235, 236 

Gwynn’s  Falls, . 13 

Hagerstown, . 92 

Harbor  of  Baltimore,  .  .  .22,  82,  83 

Harper,  Robert  Goodloe,  .  .  73 

Harris,  Dr.  Chapin  A.  ...  76 

Healthfulness  of  the  City,  .  .  35 

Historical  Society,  .  .  .  .42 

Holliday  Street  Theatre,  .  .  78, 79 

Hopkins,  Johns,  ...  51, 52 
Horses  and  Mules,  ....  249 

Hospital,  Johns  Hopkins,  .  .  51, 52 

Hotels, .  251, 253 

House  of  Refuge,  ...  48 

Howard,  Col.  John  Eager,  .  .  .68 

Incorporation  of  Baltimore,  .  .  26 

Ingle  Rebellion, . 10 

Imported  Wines  and  Liquors,  .  125 


Page. 

Imports  and  Exports,  ...  32 

Iron,  ....  17,90,91,32,206 

Iron  Bridge  Building,  .  .  .  216 

Jenkins,  Colonel  J.  Strieker,  .  .  71 

Jewelry, . 198 

Jobbing  Trade,  ....  142, 143 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  .  .  52 

Johnson,  Hon.  Reverdy,  .  .  74 

Jones,  David, . 13 

Jones’  Falls,  .  .  .  .  12,  13 

Jones’  Town,  or  Old  Town,  .  .  13 

Jones,  H.  Bolton,  ...  73 

Joppa, . 16 

Journalists, .  54 

Kelso,  Thomas,  ....  51 

King,  John,  Jr .  71 

Klemm,  F.,  see  Map  of  Baltimore. 

Law  Library, . 74 

Leaf  Tobacco,  .  .  .  184,  185 

Location  of  the  City,  12, 13,  26,  29,  33,  94 
Lower  Counties  of  Maryland,  300,  301,  302 
Lumber  Trade,  .  .  .  188,  189 

Malt,  Manufacture  of,  ...  139 
Manufactured  Tobacco,  .  .  .  187 
Marble,  .  .  .  .32, 91, 92, 241 

Marine  Insurance,  .  .  .  .24 

Marine  Observatory,  ...  61 

Market  Houses,  .  .  .  .  16, 23 

Martin,  Luther,  ....  73 

Maryland  Institute,  .  .  .  41, 42 
Maryland  Jockey  Club,  .  .  .79,  80 

Mason  and  Dixon’s  Line,  ...  9 

Masonic  Temple,  ....  67 

Matches, . 124 

McCoy,  John  W . 73 

McDonogh,  John,  ...  42, 44 

McMahon,  John  V.  L.  .  *7,  74 

Mercantile  Library,  ....  42 

Merchants’  Exchange,  .  .  .28,  61 

Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  74,  75 
Medicine,  Progress  of  the  Science  in 

Baltimore, . 74 

Millinery  Business,  .  .  .  158 

Monuments, . 68 

Mount  Hope  and  Mount  Hope  Retreat,  50 
Mount  Washington,  ...  81 

Naval  Stores,  ....  227,228 
Nelson,  John,  ....  74 

Newcomer,  B.  F.  .  .  .  .71 

Non-Importation  Societies,  .  .  19 


Northern  Central  Railway,  Its  Origin, 
History  and  Influence  on  the  Pros¬ 
perity  of  Baltimore,  &c.,  &c.,  31, 291 — 300 
Ovster,  Fruit  and  Vegetable  Packing, 

101,  102 

Painting  and  Sculpture,  .  .  71 
Paints  and  Chemicals,  .  .  221,222 

Paper, . 168 

Paper  Bags,  ...  176 

Parks  and  Squares,  .  .  85 — 88 

Patapsco  River,  ....  12 
Patterson  Park,  ....  87 

Peabody  George,  .  .  38 — 40 

Peabody  Institute,  .  .  .  38 — 40 


Index. 


311 


Page. 

Pearl  Hominy,  ....  133 

Petroleum,  ....  221 

Philadelphia,  Wilmington  and  Balti¬ 
more  Rail  Road,  .  .  .  .  31 

Pianos, . 196, 197 

Pikes  ville, . 81 

Pimlico, . 79, 80 

Pinkney,  William,  ...  73 

Plated  Ware, . 200 

Police  of  Baltimore,  Its  efficiency, 
and  favorable  comparison  of  the  same 
with  other  cities,  ....  83 

Poor  Association,  ...  44 

Population,  ...  31,  62,  89,  90 

Porter,  George  U.  .  .  .  61, 62 

Preface, . 5 

Press,  ....  54,  56,  59,  61,  62 

Privateers, . 26 

Provision  for  the  Inebriate,  .  .  .50 
Provision  for  the  Insane,  .  .  .48 

Provisions,  Trade  in  106 

Public  Schools,  ....  36 — 38 

Quartley,  A.  ....  73 

Raine,  Frederick,  .  .  .  .61 

Ready,  Samuel,  ....  51 

Refined  Lard,  ....  109 

Religious  Toleration,  .  .  .  11 

Resources  of  Baltimore,  .  90 — 94 

Reuling,  Dr.  George,  .  .,  71 

Rice, . 121 

Rinehart,  William  H.  72,  73 

Rivets  and  Spikes,  .  .  .  213 

Salt, . 118 

Sash  Factories,  .  .  .  .191,  192 

Scenery  along  the  Northern  Central 
Railway,  ....  296 — 299 

Sch wing,  Mrs.  S.  73 

Sheppard,  Moses,  .  .  48 — 50 

Shoe  and  Leather  Trade,  .  .  161, 162 

Shot(  .  .  .  105 


Page. 


Soap  and  Candles,  .  .  .  123 

Society  in  Baltimore,  ...  35 

Spices,  .  .  .  .  122 

Stamp  Act, . 18, 19* 

St.  Mary’s  Town,  ....  10 

St.  Paul’s  Church,  .  .  .14,  66 

Sugar, . 114,  116 

Sugar  Refineries,  .  .  .23,  114,  116 

Taney,  Chief  Justice  Roger  B.  .  73,  74 

Teas, . 120 

Tenement  Houses,  Absence  of,  .  .  35 

Timonium, . 296 

Tin, .  200, 201 


Tobacco  Trade,  .  16,  21,  22, 184, 185, 187 
Towns  and  Villages,  .  .  .  80,81 

Towsontown, . 81 

Tunnels  Under  Baltimore,  283, 294, 302, 303 
Union  Rail  Road,  .  .  31, 93, 283 

United  States  Bank,  ...  28 

U.  States  Custom  House  and  Court  House,  67 
University  of  Maryland,  .  .  28,75 

Vickers,  George  R . 71 

Walters,  William  T.  71 

War  of  1812, . 26 

Wars  with  the  Indians,  .  .  14 

War  of  the  Revolution,  .  .  .20,  21 

Washington  Monument,  .  68,70,28 

Water  Company,  ...  26, 84 

W ater  Supply  of  the  City,  Present  and 
Prospective,  ....  84, 85. 

Waverley, . 88 

Way,  A.  J.  H .  73. 

Wells  and  McComas  Monument,  .  71 

Western  Maryland  Rail  Road,  .  31,  284 

Whiskey,  .....  126 
Wildey  Monument,  ...  70,  71 

Window  Glass  and  Glassware,  229, 230' 
Wirt,  William,  .  73. 

Woodberry,  ...  .81 

Workshops  at  Mount  Clare,  289,  290' 


INDEX  TO  ADVERTISEMENTS. 


Page. 


Abbott  Iron  Company,  206 

Adams,  S.  H.  &  J.  F.  192 

Alberton  Cotton  Mills,  178 

Allan  Steamship  Company,  274 

Ammidon  &  Co.  .  234 

Appold,  George,  &  Sons,  163 

Armstrong,  Cator  &  Co.  159 

Armstrong,  James,  &  Co.  123 

Bag  Factory,  The  Baltimore,  182 

Bag  Factory,  The  Maryland,  182 

Baker  Brothers  &  Co.  •  232, 233 

Baker,  Richard  J.,  &  Co. .  .  224 

Balderston,  Ward  &  Co.  .  .167 

Baldwin,  Wm.  H.  Jr.,  &  Co.  180 

Baltimore  Female  College,  277 


Page. 

Baltimore  Steam  Packet  Company,  275 
Banks — 

The  Central  National,  of  Baltimore,  271 
The  Central  Savings,  of  Baltimore,  25$ 
The  Eutaw  Savings,  of  Baltimore,  262 
The  First  National,  of  Baltimore,  261 

The  Franklin,  .  .  •  263 

The  Merchants^ National  of  Baltimore,  272 
The  National,  of  Baltimore,  .  271 

The  National  Union,  of  Maryland,  264 
The  Savings,  of  Baltimore,  .  260 

The  Western  National,  of  Baltimore,  264 
Barkley  &  Hasson,  .  •  117 

Barrett  &  Higgins,  .  .  160- 

Bartlett,  Robbins  &  Cl..  215 


312 


Index. 


Page. 

Basshor,  Thomas  C.,  &  Co.  .  .  210 

Bates,  James,  .  .  •  211 

Beatty,  James,  &  Co.  .  .  .  124 

Bell  and  Brass  Works,  The  Baltimore,  204 
Bertram,  Wm.  A.  .  .  .  243 

Bevan,  Samuel,  &  Co.  .  .  149 

Blake,  Charles  W.  .  .  .  199 

Blind,  The  Maryland  Institution  for  the 
Instruction  of  the,  .  .  131 

Bogue,  Henry,  &  Son,  .  .  153 

Bond,  J.  W.,  &  Co.  .  .  .  305 

Book  Depository,  The  Methodist  Epis¬ 
copal,  ....  171 

Boston  Steamship  Company,  .  275 

Boyd,  Wm.  A.,  &  Co.  .  .  186 

Bridge  Company,  The  Baltimore,  .  217 

Bridge  and  Iron  Works,  The  Patapsco,  218 
Bridges,  William,  .  .  .  140 

Brooks,  E.  F.,  .  .  .  204 

Brooks,  Rogers  &  Co.  .  .  164 

Brooks  &  Thrasher,  .  .  143 

Brosius  &  Co.  .  .  .  152 

Brown,  Alexander,  &  Sons,  .  267 

Brown  &  Brune,  .  .  .  272 

Brown,  Lancaster  &  Co.  .  267 

Brown,  Wm.  H.,&  Bro.  .  .  224 

Bruff,  Faulkner  &  Co.  .  .  145 

Bryant,  Stratton  &  Sadler,  Business  Col¬ 
lege  of,  .  .  276, 214, 250, 253 

Burns,  Russell  &  Co.  .  .  248 

Burns  &  Sloan,  .  .  .  246 

Buzby,  David  T.,  &  Co.  .  .  110 

Canfield,  Bro.  &  Co.  .  .  198 

Carlin  &  Fulton,  .  .  .  155 

Car  Wheel  Company,  The  Baltimore,  244 
Cassard  Brothers,  .  .  110 

Cassard,  George,  &  Co.  .  .  109 

Cassard,  G.,  &  Son,  .  .  109 

Chappell’s  Chemical  Works,  239 

Chemical  Works,  The  Patapsco,  225 

Chesapeake  Dredging  Company,  .  245 

Child,  Samuel,  &  Co.  .  .  234 

Chrome  Works,  The  Baltimore,  .  225 

Clabaugh,  Nelson  &  Co.  .  270 

Clarke  &  Jones,  .  .  .  141 

Coates  &  Brother,  .  *  218 

Coleman  &  Taylor,  .  .  .  209 

Cook,  Samuel  G.  B.  .  .  157 

Corn  &  Flour  Exchange,  The  Baltimore, 135 
Cotton  Press  and  Warehouse, The  Mon¬ 
umental,  ....  131 

Cushing  &  Medairy,  .  169 

Cushings  &  Bailey,  .  .  .  172 

Davison,  Wm.,  &  Co.  .  225 

Dell,  Knapp  &  Co.  .  .  .  275 

Denmead  &  Son,  .  209 

Denny,  James  W.  .  .  272 

Denson  &  Quincy,  .  137 

Devries,  Wm.,  &  Co.  .  ,  .  144 

Devries,  Young  &  Co.  .  .  164 

Drakeley  &  Fenton,  .  .  .  108 

Dresel,  W.,  &  Co.  .  .  186 

Druid  Mills,  ....  179 
Dufur  &  Co.  .  212 

Dugan,  Cumberland  &  Co.  .  .  210 


Page. 


Dulany,  Wm.  J.  C.,  &  Co.  .  170 

Dushane,  John  A.  .  169 

Dental  Surgery,  Baltimore  College  of,  97 
Easter,  Hamilton,  &  Sons,  .  .  146 

Ehlers,  J.  D.,  &  Co.  .  .  121 

Eye  &  Ear  Institute,  The  Baltimore,  .  98 

Eye  &  Ear  Institute,  The  Maryland,  98 
Fertilizing  and  Manufacturing  Com¬ 
pany,  The  Maryland, 

Fisher,  Wm.,  &  Sons, 

Fiiie  Insurance  Companies — 

The  Baltimore, 

The  Baltimore  Equitable,  . 

The  Home, 

The  Howard, 

The  National,  . 

The  Peabody, 

The  Phoenix, 

Flack,  Brothers, 

Flack,  Thomas  J.,  &  Sons, 

Flynn  &  Emrich, 

Frame  and  Moulding  Works,  The  Bal¬ 


timore,  ....  243 
Gambrill,  C.  A.,  &  Co.  .  .  132 

Gambrill,  Sons,  &  Co.  .  •  179 

Garrett,  Robert,  &  Sons,  .  .  269 

Gary,  James  S.,  &  Son,  .  .  178 

Geddes,  James  W.  .  .  201 

George  &  Jenkins,  .  .  .  .  107 

Gill,  John,  &  Co.  .  .  130 

Gillet,  Martin,  &  Co.  ..  .  .  120 

Gilmor,  Wm.  of  Wm.  .  .  213 

Glass,  David  W.,  &  Co.  .  .  169 

Glass  Works,  The  Baltimore,  .  232, 233 

Glass  Works,  The  Maryland  Window,  230 
Grafflin,  John  C.  &  Co.  .  .  182 

Griffith,  John  A.,  &  Co.  .  .  153 

Gunther,  L.  W.,  .  •  •  185 

Guy’s  Monument  House,  .  251 

Hambleton,  John  A.,  &  Co.  .  .  266 

Hambleton,  Thomas  E.  .  253 

Hammond,  John  D.,  &  Co.  .  .  167 

Harris,  J.  Morrison,  .  .  272 

Haskell,  John  H.,  .  .  .  204 

Hicks,  George  C.,  &  Co.  .  .  247 

Highland  Park,  .  279, 280 

Hiss,  Wm.  J.  .  196 

Hodges  Bros.,  .  .  .  150 

Hoen,  A.,  &  Co.  .  99,  100 

Holmes,  William,  .  .  200 

Holthaus,  F.  T.,  &  Son,  .  230 

Hopkins  &  Janney,  .  .  228 

Hotel,  The  Carrollton,  .  252 

Horner,  F.  F.,  &  Co.  .  .  .  165 

Horner,  Joshua,  Jr.,  .  237,  238 

Hurst,  S.  J.  &  John  J.  .  .  165 

Hurst,  Purnell  &  Co.  .  151 

Hutchinson  Bros.,  .  .  .  212 

Innes  &  Company,  280 

Johnson,  Sutton  &  Co.  151 

Johnston,  Bros.,  &  Co.  .  268 

Keith  &  Kelso,  .  .  156 

Kellinger  &  Co.  .  .  .  175 

Kelly,  Piet  &  Co.  175 

Kensett  &  Co.,  .  104 


236 

269 


257 
256 

258 
256 
306 
256 
258 
128 
128 
9,10 


Index. 


313 


Keyser,  Brothers  &  Co. 
Kimball,  Shaffar  &  Co. 
King,  Wm,,  &  Bro. 
Klinefelter  Brothers,  . 
Klipper,  Webster  &  Co. 


Page. 

209 
.  278 

231 

.  182 
194 

Knabe,  Wm.,  &  Co.  138,  139,  183,  213,  280 

.227 
187 
.  123 

166 

.  180 

167 

.  228 


Knight,  C.  P 
Kremelberg,  J.  D. 

Lamb  &  Kemp, 

Larrabee,  E.,  &  Sons, 

Laurel  Manufacturing  Company, 

Lawson,  Robert,  &  Co.  . 

Lazarus,  E.  M.,  &  Co. 

Life  Insurance  Company,  The  Mary¬ 
land,  .  .  254,  182,  168,  188,  241 

Loney,  F.  B.  .  .  .  .  270 

Mackenzie  Brothers,  .  .  154 

Magee,  Wm.  P.  .  .  .  154 

Mahony,  J.  C.,  &  Co.  .  .  105 

Mallinckrodt,  W.,  &  Son,  .  153 

Mansion  House,  .  .  .  253 

Mayer  &  Brother,  .  .  .  149 

Mayer,  Carroll  &  Co.  .  .  220 

Maxwell,  Wm.  G.  .  .  .  167 

McDowell  &  Co.  .  .  .  235 

McKim&Co.  .  .  .269 

McShane,  Henry,  &  Co.  .  .  203 

Meredith,  Gilmor,  &  Co.  .  .  •  220 

Merker,  A.,  &  Krug,  .  .  211 

Merritt,  Jones  &  Co.  .  .  .  221 

Miller,  Daniel,  &  Co.  .  .  147 

Miller,  John  M.,  &  Co.  .  .  .  173 

Miller’s  Safe  and  Iron  Works.  .  205 

Monument  Iron  Works,  .  .  209 

Moore,  Robert  &  Bro.  .  153 

Myer,  T.  J.,  &  Co.  .  .  .104 

Myers,  Charles  H.,  &  Bro.  .  125 

Heal,  Geo.  H.  C.  ...  .  148 

Hews  Company,  The  Baltimore,  173 

Hicholson  &  Co.  .  .  .  267 

Hicholson,  J.  J.,  &  Sons,  .  270 

Hoble  &  Wilson,  .  .  •  242 

Horris  &  Baldwin,  .  .  177 

Humsen  Wm.,  &  Sons,  .  _  •  193 

Horth  German  Lloyd  Steamship  Line,  274 
Oil  Works,  The  Canton,  .  .  221 

Paine,  Allen,  Son,  &  Co.  .  .  154 

Paint  and  Color  Works,  The  Maryland,  224 
Parlett,  B.  F.,  &  Co.  , 

Parr,  Israel  M.,  &  Son,  . 

Passano,  L.,  &  Sons, 

Patapsco  Flouring  Mills,  _  . 

Pearl  Hominy  Co.,  The  Baltimore, 
Pembroke  School  for  Boys  and  Young 


186 

133 

152 

132 

138 


Men, 

Penniman  &  Bro  , 
Perkins  &  Co., 

Perry,  Clark  &  Co., 
Pitcher  &  Wilson, 

Pitt,  Charles  F.,  &  Sons, 
Poole  &  Hunt, 

Poplein,  H.,  Jr.,  &  G. 
Porter,  R  B.,  &  Son,  . 
Poultney,  Trimble  &  Co., 
Pracht,  Charles,  &  Co. 


175,  277 
155 
.  148 

165 
.  249 

OOK 

207,  304 
224 
.  155 
155 
.  140 


Pratt,  E.,  &  Bro. 

Read,  Wm.  IJ., 

Reeder,  C.,  &  Co 
Reese,  Charles,  &  Son, 
Reese,  G.  H.,  &  Bros. 
Reese,  John  S.,  &  Co. 
Regester.  Joshua,  &  Sons, 
Reip  &  Son. 


Page. 

213 
.  224 
210 
.  118 
117 
.  240 
204 

_  .  .  .  .202 

Retort  and  Fire  Brick  AY orks,  Baltimore,  247 
Reynolds,  Isaac,  &  Sons,  .  241 

Rhodes,  B.  M.,  &  Co.  .  .  236 

Russell  &  Alger,  .  .  165 

Ryan  &  Ricketts,  .  .  .  202 

Sadtler,  George  T.,  &  Sons,  .  121 

Safe  Deposit  Company,  .  .  265 

Sanders,  George,  &  Sons,  .  '121 

Sanders,  H  ,  &  Co.  .  .  .  197 

Savage,  Manufacturing  Company,  180 
Schumacher,  A.,  &Co.  .  115,  274 

Seim,  Emory  &  Swindell,  .  .  230 

Shipe,  Cloud  &  Co.  .  .  145 

Shot  Tower  Company,  The  Merchants,  106 
Simon,  Charles,  &  Sons,  .  .  148 

Sisson,  Hugh,  .  .  .  242 

Slingluff  &  Slingluff,  .  .  272 

Smith  &  Curlett,  .  .  123 

Smith  Edward  A.  .  .  223 

Smith,  John  M.,  &  Thomas,  .  227 

Smith,  Professor  Hathan  R.  .  .  75,  76 

Snowden  &  Cowman,  .  •  211 

Southern  Home  School,  .  •  278 

Stansbury,  James  E.  •  •  104 

Starr,  B.  F.,  &  Co.  .  •  242 

Steam  Boiler  Works,  The  Baltimore,  209 
Stevens,  Charles  P.  .  .  .  195 

Stevens,  George  O.,  &  Co.  .  192 

Stewart,  C.  Morton,  &  Co.  .  •  228 

Stewart  &  Co.  .  •  120 

Stickney  Iron  Company,  .  .  208 

Stork  &  Wright,  .  •  •  174 

Sugar  Refinery,  The  Baltimore,  .  112 

Sugar  Refinery,  The  Calvert,  .  113 

Sugar  Refinery,  The  Maryland,  .  115 

Symington  Bros.  &  Co.  .  •  225 

Taylor,  R.  Q.  •  •  158 

Taylor  &  Price,  .  •  .149 

Thomas,  David  E.,  &  Co.  .  .  190 

Thomas,  George  P.,  &  Co.  .  126 

Thomas,  Joseph,  &  Son,  .  193 

Thomsen,  Laurence,  &  Co.  .  ‘  125 

Thomsen,  Lilly  &  Co.  .  .  223 

Troxell,  Handy  &  Greer, 

Tucker,  Smith  &  Co.,  .  162 

Turnbull  Brothers,  .  •  171 

Turner,  Robert,  &  Son,  .  •  240 

Tyler,  George  G.,  •  189 

University,  The  Maryland,  .  95 

“  The  Washington  .  96 

Vickers,  George  R.  •  •  ~55 

AVaite,  Samuel  R.  •  .212 

AValker,  Hoah,  &  Co.  .  •  273 

Walters,  W.  T.,  &  Co.  127 

Warehouse  Company,  The  Baltimore,  131 
AVarren  Cotton  Mills,  .  •  177 

AVeaver,  Jacob,  •  •  •  243 


314 


Errata 


Page. 


Webb,  A.  L.,  &Son, 

Webb,  George  F. 

Webb,  George  W. 

Weber,  Wm.  F.  . 

Weedon,  Armistead,  &  Co.,  . 
Wheelwright.  Mudge  &  Co., 

White  Lead  Company,  The  Maryland, 
Whitelock,  Wm.,  &  Co. 


137 

136 

199 

96 

124 

169 

226 

240 


Whitman,  E.,  &  Sons, 
Wilkens,  William,  &  Co. 
Wilson,  Burns  &  Co. 
Wilson,  Colston  &  Co. 
Wilson,  John  W.,  &  Son, 
Wood,  Wm.'  E  ,  &  Co. 
Woods,  Weeks  &  Co. 
Woody  ear,  Wm.  E.,  &  Co. 


Page. 

191 
.  184 

119 
.  267 

192 

.  212 
112 
.  137 


ERRATA. 

On  page  39,  line  29,  read  “passes”  for  “passed.” 

On  page  73,  line  20,  substitute  “of”  between  “earnest”  and  “what.” 

On  page  76,  in  the  note  at  the  bottom,  read  “University”  instead  of  “  Unviersity.” 

On  page  123,  in  the  Article  on  Soap  and  Candles,  at  the  5th  line,  read  “ the  Cape  of  Good  Hope” 
instead  of  “  Cape  of  Good  Hope.1 1 

On  page  133,  in  the  Flour  Article,  at  line  6,  read  “are”  instead  of  “is.” 

On  page  142,  leave  out  “colon,”  at  12th  line. 

On  page  183,  at  line  18,  read  “existence”  instead  of  “existance.” 

Top  of  page  207,  read  “Established  1851”  instead  of  “Established  1871.” 

On  page  248,  read  “200,000,000  Bricks”  instead  of  “100,000,000  Bricks.”  This  includes  the  laanu- 
iacture  of  Bricks  at  Canton. 


V 

NOTE. 


The  Firms  of  Woodward,  Baldwin  &  Co.  and  Norris  &  Baldwin  have  dissolved  since  this  work 
went  to  press,  and  a  Co-Partnership  has  been  formed  under  the  name  of 

WOODWARD,  BALDWIN  &  NORRIS, 

Nos.  9  and  11  Hanover  Street , 

Dry  Goods  and  Commission  Merchants, 

And  Selling  Agents  for  the  Savage  Manufacturing  Company  and  Warren  Cotton  Mills. 

See  Pages  177  and  ISO. 


D 


J.  32.  EHLERS  «£  CO 

Engraving  &  Steam  Printing  House 

i  SECOND  STREET,  BALTIMORE. 

The  attention  of  Merchants  and  Manufacturers  is  respectfully  called  to  our 
mequalled  facilities  for  executing  orders  for 

LABELS  IN  COLORS, 

AND  SUPERIOR 

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Having  our  own  skilled  Corps  of  Artists  and  Engravers  on  the  premises, 
Te  are  enabled  to  compete  with  any  establishment  of  the  kind  in  other 
ties. 

Designs,  Samples,  and  Estimates  cheerfully  fur¬ 
bished. 

J.  D.  EHLERS  &  GO. 

Baltimore. 

FREY,  WALPERT  &  CO. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

AM 

Curled  Hair,  Bristles  and  Husks, 

'  ALSO  OF 

SPRING,  HAIR,  HUSK  &.  COTTON  MATTRESSES. 

Warehouse ,  28  N.  Gay  Street, 

Hair  Factory,  Jenkins’  Lane,  back  of  Greenmount  Cemetery, 

HUSK  FACTORY,  47  McKXM  STREET. 

MA.KYL  AND 

LIFE  INSURANCE  COMPANY 

OF  BALTIMORE. 

Office  in  Company’s  Building,  No.  10  South  Street,  Baltimore, 


GEORGE  P.  THOMAS,  President. 


BO 

HAMILTON  EASTER, 
ALLEN  A.  CHAPMAN, 
GEO.  P.  THOMAS, 


A 


RD  OF  DIRECTOR 

HUGH  SISSON, 

HIRAM  WOODS,  Jr. 
GEO.  H.  MILLER, 


S. 

THOMAS  CASSARD, 
WILLIAM  DEVRIES, 
CHARLES  WEBB. 


A.  K.  FOARD,  Secretary.  CLAYTON  C.  HALL,  Ass't  Sec.  and  Actuary. 

J,  W.  F.  HANK,  M.  D.,  Medical  Examiner. 

CHRISTOPHER  JOHNSTON,  M.  D.,  FRANK  DONALDSON,  M.  D.,  Consulting  Physicians. 


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* 


